Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des projets d’innovation éducative des établissements scolaires maronites dans la promotion de l’éducation à la paix au Liban.L’objectif de notre recherche est d’établir la possibilité d’une éducation à la paix à travers la vision de l’Église maronite traduite dans les textes synodaux, les projets éducatifs et les projets d’établissement et leur mise en œuvre dans les écoles maronites, ainsi qu’à travers l’intériorisation des différents aspects de la paix par les élèves et la transférabilité de cet acquis dans leur comportement.Notre cadre théorique s’appuie sur les cinq modèles de l’éducation à la paix de Harris et Morrison (2003). Nous avons ajouté un sixième modèle, l’éducation à la compréhension mutuelle et au dialogue.Dans le but de vérifier les hypothèses et de répondre à la problématique, la recherche empirique repose sur une analyse des textes synodaux maronites et sur une enquête menée dans des écoles secondaires maronites du caza de Baabda auprès des chefs de ces établissements et des élèves du cycle secondaire.Pour ce faire, nous avons créé l’Ep-mètre, soit un instrument de mesure du niveau de l’éducation à la paix dans les établissements scolaires. Cet instrument nous a aidé à analyser les textes synodaux, les contenus des entrevues avec les chefs d’établissement et les données statistiques issues des questionnaires adressés aux élèves du secondaire. Les résultats de notre recherche ont montré que les projets d’innovation éducative des établissements scolaires maronites contribuent partiellement à promouvoir l’éducation à la paix. C’est pourquoi les écoles maronites au Liban pourraient revoir leurs pratiques éducatives à la lumière des six modèles de l’éducation à la paix, afin d’aider les élèves à intérioriser les différents aspects de la paix et à transférer cet acquis dans leur comportement. La thèse incite enfin les établissements scolaires maronites à : relire les textes synodaux pour être fidèles à la vision de l’Église maronite ; revoir leurs projets éducatifs et surtout leurs projets d’établissement en vue d’être cohérents avec les six modèles de l’éducation à la paix ; former les enseignants en vue d’orienter les cours et les activités vers la promotion des six modèles de l’éducation à la paix. / This thesis focuses on the role of innovative educational projects done at the maronite schools in order to promote peace education in Lebanon.The aim of our research is to establish the possibility of peace education peace education through the vision of the Maronite Church translated into synodal texts, the educational projects and establishment projects as well as their application at maronite schools, and the internalization of different aspects of peace by students along with the demonstration of this acquisition in their behavior.The conceptual framework of the research is grounded on the five models of Peace Education by Harris and Morrison (2003). A sixth model, the mutual understanding and communication education was added.In an attempt to verify the hypotheses and answer the research question, an analysis of maronite synod texts was administered, and a study was made in maronite schools in the Caza of Baabda, where school directors were interviewed and secondary students were surveyed. To analyze the data, the "Ep-meter", a Peace Education measurement tool for schools, was created. This tool helped interpret the synod texts, the results of the interviews, and the statistical data collected from the students.The results of the study revealed that the innovative projects administered at maronite schools partially contributed to the promotion of Peace Education. Hence, in light of the six Models of Peace Education, maronite schools in Lebanon must reconsider their educational practices to help students acquire the different aspects of peace and apply them.Finally, the thesis encourages the maronite schools to: reread the synod texts in order to be faithful to the vision of the Maronite Church; review their projects and especially the educational and establishment projects in order to become coherent with the six Models of Peace Education; train teachers develop their classes and activities in the light of the six models of Peace Education. / تتناولُ هذه الأطروحةُ دورَ مشاريع التّجديد التّربويّة الخاصّة بالمؤسساتِ المدرسيّةِ المارونيّةِ في تعزيزِ التربيةِ على السلام في لبنان.يهدفُ البحثُ الذي قمنا به، من جهةٍ، إلى دراسةِ مدى ملاءمةِ مشروعِ التربيةِ على السلامِ، مع توجّه الكنيسة المارونيّة المُجسّد في النّصوص المَجمعيّة وفي المشاريع التعليميّةِ وتلك الخاصّة بالمدارسِ، ومن جهة أخرى يهدفُ البحثُ إلى دراسة مدى استيعاب التلامذة مُختلف أوجه السلام ومدى تجليّ هذه الأخيرة في تصرّفاتهم.يعتمدُ إطارُنا النظريُّ، بشكلٍ أساسيٍّ، على النماذجِ التربويّةِ الخمس الخاصّة بالباحثين التربويّين هاريس وموريسون (2003). كما وقمنا بإضافة نموذج سادس يختصّ بالتربية على التفاهم المتبادل والحوار.وبهدفِ إثباتِ صحّةِ الفرضيّاتِ والإجابةِ عن الإشكاليّةِ المُقترحةِ، تضمّن البحث العلميّ تحليلًا للنّصوص المجمعيّة المارونيّة كذلك للدراسة التي أُجريت مع مدراء المدارس الثانويّة المارونيّة الواقعة ضمن نطاق قضاء بعبدا ومع تلامذة أقسامها الثانويّة.وللوصول إلى هدفنا، كان لابدّ من ابتكار أداة أطلقنا عليها اسم "ميزان التربية على السلام" (Ep-mètre) وذلك كمعيار يساعدنا على قياس مستوى التربية على السلام في المؤسسات المدرسيّة. ساعدتنا هذه الأداة المُبتكرة في تحليل النّصوص المجمعيّة ومضامين لقاءاتنا مع مدراء المدارس والمعطيات المُستشفّة من البيانات التي ملأها تلامذة القسم الثانويّ.أظهرت نتائج بحثنا أنّ المشاريع التربويّة المُبتكرة المُعتمدة في المؤسسات المدرسيّة المارونيّة تُساهم بشكلٍ جزئيّ في تعزيز التربية على السلام. لذلك يجب على المدارس المارونيّة في لبنان إعادة النظر في ممارساتها التربويّة على ضوء مضامين النماذج الستّ للتربية على السلام بهدف مساعدة التلامذة على استيعاب أوجه السلام المختلفة وبالتالي تجسيدها في تصرّفاتهم.

This study focused on investigating the significance of peace education to manage institutional conflict at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. As conflict is inevitable in all settings, the need for looking at diversified ways of mitigating conflict is paramount and mandatory. Higher education should serve communities and nations in generating solutions on one hand and as well generating educated human power equipped with basic knowledge, skills and required attitude, on the other hand. The situation observed in the study area of AAU and other universities is a concern because the level and magnitude of conflict being experienced in university campuses is increasing. Taking this into consideration, the study employed a qualitative inquiry and collected data from students, academic staff from a variety of departments, the student administration wing student, the Institute of Peace and Security Studies and support staff. The findings of the study tried to identify the nature and cause of conflict. Moreover, it collected data regarding the measures currently taken by the university and as well investigated to what extent peace education can serve as an instrument to manage institutional conflict in AAU. Most of the conflict types were found to be dysfunctional, which involves the affective domain based on the feelings and emotions of the conflicting parties, mainly students to each other. It was injected by ethnic conflict and almost no dialogue is held to resolve the conflicts among them. On the other hand, turbulent situations in the society are enacted at the university, with students entering into conflict demanding their ethnic groups’ democratic and human rights. When conflicts arise, conflict resolving mechanisms are traditional with the university resorting to the use of the external police force with dire consequences such as imprisonment, detainment and even death. The study thus investigated and revealed the potential of peace education as an innovative solution to resolve conflict collaboratively thus satisfying all parties. / Educational Management and Leadership / Ph. D. (Education Leadership and Management)

The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the field of research that examines the relationship between peace efforts and nationalism. The relationship will be studied from perspectives of educa- tional history and history didactics. More precisely, by focusing on history education, this disserta- tion will analyse the demands for a comprehensive peace education in schools that were put forward by a long list of actors in the Western world during the interwar period, and as such discuss to what extent, and in what ways, nationalism influenced the content and design of this peace education. The main theoretical framework of this thesis is the concept of nationalism, and the position of nationalism as a hegemonic ideology during the first half of the 20th century. Another central un- derstanding is the assumption that the educational system, specifically history education, played a central role in creating, maintaining and strengthening collective identities as well as the prevailing ideological hegemony. The empirical investigation has been limited to studying the demands and ideas presented by Nordic peace educators, mainly The Swedish School Peace League (SSF), regar- ding peace-educating history teaching. As such, the empirical aim has been to investigate the SSF’s views on the relationship between nationalism and peace education, i.e., how internationalism and pacifism were to be taught, as well as how this understanding affected the League’s ideas regarding history teaching. The results have also been analysed from a gender perspective, based on the as- sumption that contemporary notions of gender in relation to nationalism, war and peace in different ways had an impact upon the content and format of the proposed peace education.         The study shows that the SSF regarded nationalism as the very foundation and prerequisite for any peace education. SSF thus tried to reconcile nationalism, internationalism and pacifism under one and the same ideological approach; “patriotic pacifism”, which in turn strongly influenced the endorsed peace-educating history teaching. Furthermore, the study highlights boys’ central role in the peace education project, which essentially set the long-term goal of creating a new pacifist and internationally oriented male ideal and yet, despite these aims, continued an intimate association with the “national”. Key concepts in SSF’s peace education were unite and supplement, and thereby they redefined central meanings of hegemonic nationalism. SSF’s patriotic pacifism and its impact on the association's demands for a peace-educating history teaching can best be described as an “intra-hegemonic counterforce”. / Historia utan gräns: Den internationella historieboksrevisionen 1919-2009