The UN is an international organisation which has its roots dating as far back as 1917, when its predecessor was called the League of Nations. Concerned states met in Geneva around 1940 to craft a way-forward for the weakened League, thereby agreeing to form a new international organisation, the UN at the end of the Second World War (WWII). The UN adopted its founding document, referred to as the UN Charter of 1945. The main purpose of the UN is the maintenance of international peace and security. Peacekeeping is an adaptation of the provisions of Chapter 1, article 2 of the UN Charter, which vests the organisation with the mandate to work towards a world free from wars and other violent conflicts. In recent years, UN peacekeeping missions have been associated with gross human rights violations, resulting from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse by UN peacekeepers themselves. This dissertation examines selected cases in Africa, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Sudan, Eritrea-Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra-Leone and Ivory Coast, as much as they may be relevant to the thrust of the study. Although there is broad consensus in the international community that erring members of the peacekeeping forces be held accountable, what remains particularly problematic is that innocent civilian lives are being destroyed through self-interest, lust, dysfunctional local legal systems, lack of uniform rules of conduct and misconduct, lack of effective investigative systems in host countries, and lack of effective planning systems by victims, among other factors. The study makes a modest attempt at addressing these critical challenges on the accountability of UN peacekeeping forces in the 21st century context. / Thesis (Phd) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2015

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / "MBA professional report"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Nancy C. Roberts, John E. Mutty. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy)--Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2005. / "3 June 2005." Electronic version of original print document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).

The focus of this research will be on the question as to whether the South African Police Service adequately prepares its police officials for the functions they will be performing in Sudan: Darfur. This broad question leads to further questions that include the following: What are the peacekeeping recruitment and selection criteria for the South African Police Service members who need to be deployed in Sudan: Darfur? Is the South African Police Service peacekeeping training curriculum adequate enough to prepare its members for their deployment in Sudan: Darfur?  Does the South African Police Service have any measures to evaluate the role played by its members in Sudan: Dafur? What measures have been introduced to utilise the new skills brought by members that have been deployed? Are there any properly posted members with mission experience, who are capable of presenting and further developing peacekeeping training in the South African Police Service? Does the South African Police Service senior management have knowledge of generic peacekeeping concepts?.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

In three complementary essays, this dissertation analyzes the causes of violent conflict and the impact of third-party interventions that seek to reduce violence and generate post-conflict political stability. In the first essay, I analyze how regimes in fragile states cultivate strong but loyal armies. Drawing on an original survey conducted with members of the Congolese army operating in North Kivu, the largest operational theater in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the epicenter of one of the most violent conflicts in Africa, I show that regime elites withhold payments in order to distinguish loyalty and evidence that this screening strategy drives high levels of civilian abuse. In the second essay, I assess the impact of ``Eyes on Darfur'', the first-ever satellite intervention implemented by Amnesty International USA amidst a brutal genocide with the objective of reducing violence. Using a high-frequency, sub-national dataset on genocidal violence, I show that this intervention resulted in pernicious and persistent effects: monitored areas experienced increases in violence during the program as well as in subsequent years, as did neighboring areas. In the third essay, and in collaboration with Lauren Young, we assess how peacekeepers cultivate cooperation with local populations in Haiti. Using a novel survey, we find that exposure to security and relief activities are associated with increases in cooperation whereas exposure to peacekeeper abuse undermines cooperative behavior. Together, these essays articulate a set of causes for violence against civilians rooted in the political economy of state institutions, analyze how human rights interventions are mediated by the underlying institutional dynamics in the countries in which they are launched, and examine how keeping the peace stems from altering the cooperative incentives local populations face.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of Politics, 2008. / "October 2007" Bibliography: leaves 313-331. Also available in print form.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 2000. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 320-345). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-103). Also available in print.