The main aim of the Diploma Theses is to prepare, verify in practice and evaluate museum educational programme for pupils from 12 to 18 (junior schools and secondary schools) which is devoted to the changes in schooling in 20th century. The aim is to introduce to pupils historical facts by the means of three educational programmes and interactive elements in the exhibition. Pupils work with topics covering World War II, 50s and so called normalization period. Throughout the educational process they will use period realia from the above mentioned periods, such as schoolbooks, educational boards and educational aids from the collection of Comenius National Pedagogical Museum and Library in Prague. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marili.pdf: 2594029 bytes, checksum: 1470114d1e6efcfb1e8d3d1bee36c13a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of the present paper is the study of school museums introduced in public elementary schools in the state of Santa Catarina between 1911 to 1952, considered as material support to the development of pedagogical activities since the 19th century. The investigation is inserted into the discussions about school culture and material culture, having as reference the works of Escolano Benito, Viñao Frago, Souza, Bucaille and Pesez, and Meneses. The historical document analysis made it possible to map the incidence of museums in elementary schools, focusing in their organization and material composition. The documental corpus of the research is composed of Brazilian and foreign texts and books published in the period, educational magazines, education legislation specially decrees, regulations, educational programs and circular letters , government and inspection reports, pedagogical meeting minutes and school museums reports and meeting minutes. As material strategy for teaching concrete lessons, the museums are a part of the Brazilian pedagogical imaginary, at least since 1883 when the National School Museum of Rio de Janeiro was created, an institution dedicated to the exhibit of educational objects, furniture and materials, in addition to the professional training of working teachers. Previous researches indicate that this institution was replaced by the pedagogic museum named Pedagogium, in 1890. Among the objectives of the Pedagogium were the dissemination of similar institutions in other Brazilian states and the organization of school museums in schools, composed by mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections. In the public elementary schools of Santa Catarina, the introduction of this pedagogic device was due to the education reform in 1911, during which only newly-created school groups received in their physical structure a space for the installation of an office to store pieces to compose the museum. Emphatically, the authorities informed that the collections had been bought in France, at the establishment E. Deyrolles & Fils. From the 1930 s on, the museum stopped being seen as a part of the schools material devices, becoming an auxiliary association. As a result of an Educational Department undertaking, the associations were disseminated through all the state schools. During this time, the museum presence had a considerable increased, among other reasons, due to its material composition modification. If in the beginning of the 20th century it was provided by the state power formed by painting collections and imported natural samples , from the 1940 s on it starts being composed by teachers and students works, with elements picked by them and selected from nature. However, in spite of letting show a supposed simplification, the tendency followed the theoretical propositions elaborated since the 19th century, which the objective consisted in involving the children in the montage of the museums, which in itself was a facilitator way of educating. The implementation attempt of museums in schools in Santa Catarina demonstrated the wish to sync the educational processes developed here with the latest pedagogical trends; however, from the documental analysis made, it is considered that a considerable part of the museums have achieved more success in the symbolic level than in the didactic / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os museus escolares introduzidos em escolas públicas primárias do estado de Santa Catarina entre 1911 e 1952, considerados como apoio material ao desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas desde o século XIX. A investigação insere-se nas discussões acerca da cultura escolar e cultura material, tendo por referência os trabalhos de Escolano Benito, Viñao Frago, Souza, Bucaille e Pesez, e Meneses. A análise histórica documental permitiu mapear a incidência de museus em escolas primárias, com foco em sua organização e sua composição material. O corpus documental da pesquisa compõe-se de textos e livros brasileiros e estrangeiros publicados no período, de revistas educacionais, legislação do ensino ¿ sobretudo decretos, regulamentos, programas de ensino e circulares ¿, relatórios de governo e de inspeção, de atas de reuniões pedagógicas e atas e relatórios de museus escolares. Enquanto estratégia material para o ensino de lições concretas, os museus fazem parte do imaginário pedagógico brasileiro, pelo menos desde 1883, quando da criação do Museu Escolar Nacional no Rio de Janeiro, instituição voltada à exposição de objetos, móveis e materiais de ensino, além da formação de professores que exerciam o magistério. Pesquisas já realizadas indicam que esta instituição foi substituída pelo museu pedagógico denominado Pedagogium, em 1890. Entre os objetivos do Pedagogium estavam a disseminação de instituições similares em outros estados brasileiros e a organização de museus escolares nas escolas, por sua vez compostos de coleções mineralógicas, botânicas e zoológicas. Nas escolas públicas primárias de Santa Catarina, a introdução deste aparato pedagógico foi prevista na reforma do ensino de 1911, durante a qual apenas os grupos escolares recém-criados receberam em sua estrutura física espaço destinado à instalação de um gabinete para o armazenamento de peças destinadas a compor o museu. Com ênfase, informavam as autoridades que as coleções haviam sido compradas na França, no estabelecimento E. Deyrolles & Fils. Dos anos 1930 em diante, o museu deixou de ser visto como parte do aparelhamento material das escolas, tornando-se uma associação auxiliar. Como resultado de um empreendimento por parte do Departamento de Educação, as associações disseminaram-se pelas escolas de todo o estado. Nesse período, a presença de museus cresceu consideravelmente, entre outros fatores, em decorrência da modificação da sua composição material. Se no início do século XX ele era fornecido pelo poder estadual formado por coleções de quadros e amostras naturais importadas¿, dos anos 1940 em diante passa a ser constituído por obra de professores e alunos, com elementos por eles recolhidos e selecionados da natureza. Contudo, apesar de transparecer uma suposta simplificação, a tendência acompanhou as proposições teóricas elaboradas desde o século XIX, cujo objetivo consistia em envolver as crianças na montagem dos museus, o que por si só era um meio facilitador do ensino. A tentativa de implantação de museus em escolas catarinenses demonstrou o desejo de sintonizar os processos educativos aqui desenvolvidos com as ¿últimas¿ tendências pedagógicas; todavia, a partir da análise documental empreendida, considera-se que boa parte dos museus tenha logrado mais êxito no nível simbólico do que no didátic

This diploma thesis was written in cooperation with the National Pedagogical Museum and Library of J. A. Comenius in Prague. It deals with the vast area of instructive pictures and especially with their potential use in teaching elementary school pupils science, mainly in the second year of elementary schools. The diploma thesis seeks to determine the significance of the instructive picture in its historical perspective, to state whether even nowadays the instructive picture is still a valid teaching aid in teaching of sciences in the educational process. The first, theoretical part of the thesis, the basic concepts concerning the instructive picture, didactic means and the so important psychological approach to perception of pictorial materials are determined. A considerable part of the thesis focuses on the historical development of the school instructive picture in general and on its development in sciences in particular. Also included is a thorough study of the teaching process with the use of rare instructive pictures in the past and the current aims of teaching sciences at present are presented. The empirical part of the thesis uses a pilot study to study specific modular lessons of the fundaments of humanities and sciences with the use of a selection of relevant instructive pictures in these...