Orientador: Renata Cardoso Magagnin / Banca: João Roberto Gomes de Faria / Banca: Evando Ziggiatti Monteiro / Resumo: A cidade é um organismo complexo, cuja forma urbana está em constante transformação e os protagonistas são os pedestres. Essa complexidade induz a necessidade de associar diferentes abordagens para avaliar a qualidade espacial urbana. Formada por elementos físicos e morfológicos, com aspectos positivos e negativos, as diferentes composições da forma urbana podem influenciar na qualidade espacial e no uso e apropriação desses locais pelos usuários. Entender o desempenho desses elementos, e a forma como são percebidos por pedestres, pode ser o primeiro passo para identificar a qualidade espacial urbana que pode contribuir para a escolha de caminhos ou na sua permanência no espaço urbano. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um instrumento para avaliar a qualidade espacial do ambiente de pedestres a partir de elementos físicos e morfológicos que compõem os quatro planos bidimensionais (calçada, fachada, cobertura e rua) que os envolvem no ambiente urbano; as interseções viárias que permitem a continuidade do percurso; e o desempenho da configuração da forma urbana na orientação de seus deslocamentos. O instrumento é composto por três etapas de aplicação: (i) avaliar os aspectos físicos dos planos urbanos (calçada, fachada, cobertura e rua) e das interseções viárias; (ii) verificar a influência da forma e aspectos urbanos dos elementos morfológicos na legibilidade espacial, denominada desempenho topoceptivo; (iii) identificar os caminhos com melhor qualidade espacial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The city is a complex organism, whose urban form is in constant transformation and the protagonists are the pedestrians. This complexity induces the need of associating different approaches to assess urban spatial quality. Composed by physical and morphological elements, both with positive and negative aspects, the different arrangements of the urban form can influence the spatial quality and the use and appropriation of these places by the main users. Understanding the performance of these elements and the way they are perceived by pedestrians can be the first step to identify the urban spatial quality that can contribute to the choice among paths or their permanence in urban space. In this context, the aim of this research is to propose an instrument to assess the spatial quality of the pedestrian environment from the physical and morphological elements that composes the four two-dimensional planes (ground plan, building wall, canopy and street) involving them in the urban environment; the street intersections which allow the continuity of the pathway; and the performance of the urban form configuration in the orientation of pedestrians in their displacements. The instrument is composed of three stages of application: (i) to assess the physical aspects of the urban plans (ground plan, building wall, canopy and street) and street intersections; (ii) to verify the influence of the form and urban aspects of the morphological elements in the spatial legibility, denominated topo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Since 2000, Transport Department has been implementing pedestrian schemes in Hong Kong to provide a comfortable environment for pedestrians. Many studies have indicated that the retail environment in pedestrian streets would be enhanced. This study was conducted to understand the theoretical concepts about the effects of pedestrian streets to retailing. The distribution of different types of retailers in pedestrian streets and the nearby streets was investigated and the reasons and possible effects of the above findings were also examined. Field survey on business inventory in Mong Kok, Causweay Bay and Sheung Shui was conducted. Descriptive statistics was then used to explain the results and chi-square test was devoted to examining whether types of retailers depend on street types. This study showed that types of retailers depend on street types and provided evidence to support pervious researches that specific retailers including chain stores, merchandise retailing or clothing, jewellery and watches shops tended to located in pedestrian streets while some businesses including independent shops or shops selling low-end products were not. The impacts of implementing pedestrian schemes on the types of retailers were discussed. Since more visitors are willing to shop in pedestrian streets due to pleasant environment, retail turnover would usually increase and some investors may want to open shops in the streets to make profits. As a result, property owners would feel more confident to increase the rent of shop to gain more money as the demand of the limited rental street space increases. Those privileged businesses, which can afford higher rent, can open shops in pedestrian streets so the portion of underprivileged businesses in these streets is lower due to unaffordable rent. The study also indicated few more reasons to explain the distribution of retailers’ types. Accessibility is one the factors that affect the attractiveness of pedestrian streets, which also impact the retailers’ types. National economic trend and local factors would increase the portion of specific shops while market economy policy from the Government encourage distributing of retailers’ types using market principle. For the economic implications, privileged businesses would dominate pedestrian streets and affect economic diversity and businesses in pedestrian streets would be affected by economic trend. Moreover, property owners can make more money as rents go up. For social implications, products available in pedestrian streets become tourists-oriented and may not meet the local needs and local identity would gradually disappear. Finally, the study suggested the Government could provide space for independent retailers to continue their businesses and encourage underprivileged businesses to enhance their competiveness. Besides, in the policy point of view, the Government should assess the impacts on the distribution of retailers before implementing pedestrian schemes. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

It has been acknowledged that the pedestrian environment in downtown Pittsburgh is inadequate, lacking connectivity and significant amounts of quality open space, and as a transportation system it is in direct conflict with vehicular traffic. This creative project examines the condition of the pedestrian environment relative to the other systems, places, and activities that are affected by pedestrian welfare. The intense activity within the CBD generates volumes of pedestrian and vehicular traffic that it can hardly support. The pedestrian environment lacks sufficient space, and, as a result, the pedestrian's mobility is constricted and there is excessive conflict with vehicles. Moreover, pedestrians in downtown Pittsburgh have very few opportunities to access the waterfront and spaces and buildings of particular significance within and adjacent to the CBD.The design solutions that are proposed herein include a variety of development guidelines, street adaptations and open space recommendations. Through the installation of these solutions the pedestrian environment becomes enhanced and downtown Pittsburgh is able to become a more cohesive place where history, architecture and nature are integrated into an urban environment that is truly livable. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes special report study entitled: Horse and horse riding trial.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-127).

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-121).

Thesis (M.P.P.P.A.)--Concordia University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86)

Thesis (M.L. Ar.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. / Vita. Abstract. Bibliography: leaves 33-35. Also available via the Internet.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

In response to urban society 's disenchantment with the automobile and the conflict that has resulted between pedestrians and vehicles, came the development of pedestrian oriented streets. This involved a clear shift in priorities to redress the balance in the street in favour of the pedestrians with respect to motor vehicles - in a process called "Pedestrianisation". Much more common, however was to "Traffic Calm" those streets in which motor vehicle access was still necessary. This study examines the application of "Pedestrianisation" and "Traffic Calming" to larger suburbanised commercial streets as a potential solution in mitigating the conflict between pedestrians and vehicles. In order to do this, the study evaluates the success/failure of the Umhlanga and Pietermaritzburg "Pedestrianisation" and "Traffic Calming" schemes. This evaluation proceeds by examining how each area caters/does not cater for the needs of its "users" (pedestrians and motorists) and tenants. The evaluation also includes obtaining the comments of the planners that were involved in each scheme, in order to determine if the initial objectives of each plan had been achieved or not. Findings and conclusions from the various data collection methods are presented. These are followed by recommendations that are important for the success of any "Pedestrianisation" and "Traffic Calming" scheme that may be implemented more specifically in larger suburbanised commercial streets. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1995.