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Submitted by Marcos Wanderley (marcos.wanderley@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-01T23:20:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VITOR LEÃO SANTANA - DISSERTAÇÃO(PPGEPM) 2017.pdf: 6018243 bytes, checksum: d94d5006180bb3355610a18fa1063c66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VITOR LEÃO SANTANA - DISSERTAÇÃO(PPGEPM) 2017.pdf: 6018243 bytes, checksum: d94d5006180bb3355610a18fa1063c66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-04 / Capes / Na região compreendida entre as cidades do Junco do Seridó/PB e Equador/RN ocorrem diversos depósitos de caulins associados à alteração dos feldspatos nos pegmatitos. A classificação desse minério mostra-se como uma tendência para melhoria do beneficiamento nas unidades da região. Em função das diversas vantagens da utilização de hidrociclones para esta etapa do processo, a inserção deste procedimento tem se mostrado bastante comum e inovadora na região. Assim, a partir de análises granulométricas, mineralógicas, imagens de microscópio eletrônico de varredura, análises químicas e ensaios de classificação no ciclone foram determinados os melhores parâmetros para classificação e beneficiamento do Caulim da região. Os ensaios realizados em hidrociclone em escala de bancada mostraram a possibilidade de obtenção de concentrados com teores de 92,92 % de caulinita, ajustando a pressão de alimentação da polpa em 2,0 kg.cm-2; abertura do apex em 10 mm, alimentação da polpa com válvula aberta. Outros parâmetros foram mantidos constantes como granulometria de alimentação: < 60 malhas Mesh (0,250 mm) e 22,0 % de porcentagem de sólidos. / In the region between the cities of Junco do Seridó / PB and Ecuador / RN there are several kaolin deposits associated with the change of feldspars in pegmatites. The classification of this ore appears to be a trend towards improved processing in the units of the region. Given the various advantages of using hydrocyclones for this stage of the process, the insertion of this procedure has proved to be quite common and innovative in the region. Thus, from granulometric, mineralogical analyzes, scanning electron microscope images, chemical analyzes and cyclone classification tests, it was determined the best parameters for classification and processing of kaolin in the region. The tests carried out on hydrocyclone on a bench scale showed the possibility of obtaining concentrates with contents of 92.92% of kaolinite, adjusting the feed pressure of the pulp to 2.0 kg.cm-2; Opening of the apex in 10 mm, feeding of the pulp with valve open. Other parameters were maintained constant as feed particle size: <60 mesh (0.250 mm) and 22.0% solids percentage.

Os pegmatitos estudados estão associados à fácies albita granito do granito Madeira, a qual corresponde ao depósito de Sn-Nb-Ta (F, ETR, U, Th) Madeira, na mina Pitinga (AM) e estão associados a falhas de orientação N320/60SW. Estas rochas contêm minerais poucos comuns como gagarinita (NaCaYF6), genthelvita (Zn4Be3(SiO4)3S) e polilitionita (KLi2AlSi4O10(F, OH)2), além de grandes quantidades de criolita (Na3AlF6). Com base na composição química e mineralógica, estes pegmatitos foram classificados em três tipos: PEG ANF (teores médios de K e Na, com alta concentração de anfibólios), PEG POL (rico em K e com alta concentração de polilitionita) e PEG CRIO (rico em Na e com alta concentração de criolita). Estes pegmatitos contêm altos teores de ETR (especialmente ETRP) e Y, que estão concentrados principalmente na xenotima e na gagarinita. Estes elementos também ocorrem em elevados teores na grande parte dos demais minerais analisados. Também se destacam as concentrações anômalas de F, muito superiores às detectadas nos pegmatitos de outras localidades, e que promoveram o enriquecimento em Li, Na, K, Rb e Cs. A similaridade na composição química do AGN com os pegmatitos indica que eles possuem a mesma fonte. / The pegmatites studied are associated with the albite granite facies of the Madeira granite, which corresponds to the Sn-Nb-Ta (F, ETR, U, Th) Madeira deposit at the Pitinga mine (AM). They are associated with N320/60SW orientation faults. These rocks contain few common minerals such as gagarinite (NaCaYF6), genthelvite (Zn4Be3(SiO4)3S) and polylithionite (KLi2AlSi4O10(F,OH)2), as well as large amounts of cryolite (Na3AlF6). Based on the chemical and mineralogical composition, these pegmatites were classified into three groups: PEG ANF (medium K and Na, with high concentration of amphiboles), PEG POL (K rich and with high polylithionite concentration) and PEG CRIO (rich in Na and with high concentration of cryolite). These pegmatites contain high levels of REE (especially HREE) and Y, which are mainly concentrated in xenotime and gagarinite. These elements also occur at high levels in most of the other minerals analyzed. Anomalous concentrations of F, much higher than those detected in pegmatites from other localities, were also highlighted, and promoted enrichment in Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. The similarity in the chemical composition of AGN with pegmatites indicates that they have the same source.

Os pegmatitos estudados estão associados à fácies albita granito do granito Madeira, a qual corresponde ao depósito de Sn-Nb-Ta (F, ETR, U, Th) Madeira, na mina Pitinga (AM) e estão associados a falhas de orientação N320/60SW. Estas rochas contêm minerais poucos comuns como gagarinita (NaCaYF6), genthelvita (Zn4Be3(SiO4)3S) e polilitionita (KLi2AlSi4O10(F, OH)2), além de grandes quantidades de criolita (Na3AlF6). Com base na composição química e mineralógica, estes pegmatitos foram classificados em três tipos: PEG ANF (teores médios de K e Na, com alta concentração de anfibólios), PEG POL (rico em K e com alta concentração de polilitionita) e PEG CRIO (rico em Na e com alta concentração de criolita). Estes pegmatitos contêm altos teores de ETR (especialmente ETRP) e Y, que estão concentrados principalmente na xenotima e na gagarinita. Estes elementos também ocorrem em elevados teores na grande parte dos demais minerais analisados. Também se destacam as concentrações anômalas de F, muito superiores às detectadas nos pegmatitos de outras localidades, e que promoveram o enriquecimento em Li, Na, K, Rb e Cs. A similaridade na composição química do AGN com os pegmatitos indica que eles possuem a mesma fonte. / The pegmatites studied are associated with the albite granite facies of the Madeira granite, which corresponds to the Sn-Nb-Ta (F, ETR, U, Th) Madeira deposit at the Pitinga mine (AM). They are associated with N320/60SW orientation faults. These rocks contain few common minerals such as gagarinite (NaCaYF6), genthelvite (Zn4Be3(SiO4)3S) and polylithionite (KLi2AlSi4O10(F,OH)2), as well as large amounts of cryolite (Na3AlF6). Based on the chemical and mineralogical composition, these pegmatites were classified into three groups: PEG ANF (medium K and Na, with high concentration of amphiboles), PEG POL (K rich and with high polylithionite concentration) and PEG CRIO (rich in Na and with high concentration of cryolite). These pegmatites contain high levels of REE (especially HREE) and Y, which are mainly concentrated in xenotime and gagarinite. These elements also occur at high levels in most of the other minerals analyzed. Anomalous concentrations of F, much higher than those detected in pegmatites from other localities, were also highlighted, and promoted enrichment in Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. The similarity in the chemical composition of AGN with pegmatites indicates that they have the same source.

Fluid inclusions of pegmatites from two localities in the Moldanubina Zone were studied in order to constrain PT conditions of their crystallization and establish composition and properties of fluids associated with pegmatite formation. The first locality is Vepice near Tábor, second locality is Vlastějovice near Zruč nad Sázavou. Pegmatit of Vepice consists of irregular pockets in amphibole- biotic granite dark type to a porphyric syenodioritot Čertova břemene. Fluid inclusions have been studied in several cm large quartz crystals of miarolic cavities from the central zone pegmatites pockets within the central zone of the pegmatite pockets. The collected fluids are aqueous- type with a low salt content (usually in the range of 4-6 hm% NaClekv. Pegmatites in Vepice among the complex Y-REE-Nb-Ta-Ti pegmatites. In terms of PT conditions pegmatites belong to the classification of rare element pegmatite or miarolitic's pegmatites. The studied sample of Vlastějovice (skarn's body) represented a transition from quartz-feldspar pegmatite lithium zone to zone with predominance of quartz (quartz core). Only one sample was studied, which originated from the historical collections F. Čech (Čech, 1985). The sample is an exceptional presence of large quantities of the solid phase (up to 4-5 stages). Using Raman...

Fluid inclusions of pegmatites from two localities in the Moldanubina Zone were studied in order to constrain P-T conditions of their crystallization and enstablish composition and properties of fluids associated with pegmatite formation. The first locality Skalsko (near Jílové u Prahy) is located within the Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex (CBPC) of Variscian age.Pegmatitic dykes represent the late stage of magmatic evolution of the CBPC. Pegmatite is hosted by biotite-granodiorite of the "Požáry" and "Sázava" types and probably belongs to the muscovite class of the pegmatites. The other locality, Dolní Bory, is located within the Bory granullite Massif ( metamorphism is dated to about 340 Ma). Following types of pegmatite occur in this district: 1. barren to less evolved pegmatites; 2. more evolved phosphate-bearing pegmatites and 3. Li-complex, the most evolved pegmatites. The studied material comes from an andalusite-diaspore nodule hosted by blocky quartz of the barren pegmatite (pegmatite dike No. 3). Fluid inclusions were studied mostly in quartz (Skalsko, Dolní Bory), andalusite and diaspore (Dolní Bory). Fluids trapped in samples from Skalsko correspond to H2O-CO2 and H2O types. The H2O-CO2 fluid had relatively low salinity (4,1-5,9 wt.% NaCleq), contained from 20 to 5 mol.% CO2 and its...

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Rare Earth elements (REEs) are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition, and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The local geology includes a series of muscovite class pegmatites of Devonian age (390 Ma), intruded into the primarily amphibolite-grade units of the Ashe and Alligator Back formations (Wood, 1996). The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. Sample characterization utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in refinement cost, or increases in price occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable. / Master of Science / Rare Earth elements (REEs) are comprised of the Lanthanide series of elements as well as yttrium and scandium. REEs are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. Current uses include electronics, magnets, lasers, electric motors, optical fibers, nuclear reactor control rods, visual displays, etc. Although the demand for REEs is high, the current sourcing of REEs is quite scarce. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in cost of refinement, or increase in price were to occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable.

Pegmatites in the Spruce Pine district, North Carolina, are an example of muscovite class pegmatites that were derived from differentiation of a magma. There are eight granodiorite plutons in the Spruce Pine area ranging in size from 1 to 20 square kilometers that contain and are surrounded by hundreds of pegmatites. The granodiorite and the pegmatites are mineralogically and chemically identical, indicating that they formed from a common magma. The pegmatites appear to have formed in the granodiorite, becoming larger and more abundant near the margins of the plutons before intruding into the surrounding country rock. Major and trace element data from muscovite plotted on a map of the area reveal a systematic regional trend where either the highest or lowest concentrations occur along a central northeast-trending belt in the Spruce Pine district, with the concentration either decreasing or increasing, respectively, to the northwest and southeast. Similarly, more calcic plagioclase is located in the same central portion of the district, whereas more sodic plagioclase is found at the margins of the district. These regular variations in mineral chemistry are the result of fractionation of the pegmatites away from the core of a common magmatic source. K-feldspar, garnet, beryl and tourmaline also have similar regional trends. Although the chemical core of the area revealed by the mineral chemistry does not correspond to an exposure of granodiorite, it may correspond to the core of a larger plutonic body that has not been completely exposed by erosion. Variations in granodiorite texture may reflect zoning within this larger magmatic body. The systematic regional variations in the major and trace element chemistry of minerals as well as the relationship between the granodiorite and the pegmatites support the conclusion that the Spruce Pine pegmatites were derived from differentiation of the granodiorite magma. / Master of Science

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 février 2024) / La Province de Grenville présente un grand potentiel prospectif pour le groupe des éléments de terres rares (ETR). Dans la région de La Tuque, les minéralisations en ETR se divisent en deux catégories : les minéralisations associées à des intrusions alcalines et les minéralisations associées à des pegmatites granitiques. Les mécanismes de formation et la source des magmas de ces pegmatites enrichies en ETR sont toutefois peu compris. Cette étude porte sur l'indice Blanchette-1, qui consiste en un dyke de pegmatite granitique riche en ETR (> 2,7 wt.%) et encaissé dans des paragneiss migmatitisés du Complexe de Wabash. La minéralisation en ETR se concentre principalement au sein d'une zone métrique riche en allanite (> 20 vol.%). Ce projet vise à déterminer la source du magma et l'âge de mise en place de cette pegmatite pour mieux caractériser cet évènement minéralisateur et sa relation avec l'évolution géodynamique de la Province de Grenville. Les zircons de quatre échantillons ont été datés (U-Pb par LA-ICP-MS) en combinaison avec la détermination de leurs signatures isotopiques en hafnium et de leurs compositions en éléments traces: la Syénite de Toad, l'intrusion alcaline la plus proche du dyke de Blanchette-1 (981,6 ± 5,6 Ma), le dyke de pegmatite de Blanchette-1 (1060,8 ± 7,0 Ma), et deux injections granitiques (1057,9 ± 8,3 et 1075,1 ± 3,8 Ma). Les âges montrent que les minéralisations en ETR associées aux syénites et aux pegmatites sont deux évènements distincts. Les analyses isotopiques d'Hf permettent d'estimer un âge modèle de ~1400 Ma pour les injections granitiques et la pegmatite de Blanchette-1. Cet âge est cohérent avec la fusion partielle des gneiss granitiques de la Suite plutonique de Vermillon. Pourtant, une étude précédente dans le Grenville central attribue la formation de pegmatites riche en ETR à la fusion de roches métasédimentaires. Puisque la fusion de roches métasédimentaires ou ignées peuvent entrainer la formation de pegmatites enrichies en ETR au sein du Grenville central, la nature de la source n'est pas le facteur clef favorisant cet enrichissement. / The Grenville Province has great prospective potential for the rare earth element (REE) group. In the La Tuque area, REE mineralization can be divided into two categories: mineralization associated with alkaline intrusions and mineralization associated with granitic pegmatites. However, the formation mechanisms and the source of the magmas of these REE-enriched pegmatites remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the Blanchette-1 showing, which consists of a REE-rich (> 2.7 wt.%) pegmatite granitic dyke hosted in migmatitic paragneiss of the Wabash Complex. The REE mineralization is mainly concentrated within an allanite-rich metric zone. This project aims to determine the magma source and crystallization age of this pegmatite to better characterize this mineralizing event and its place in the geodynamic evolution of the Grenville Province. Zircons from four samples were dated in combination with the determination of their hafnium isotopic signatures and trace element compositions: the Toad Syenite, the nearest alkaline intrusion to Blanchette-1 (981.6 ± 5,6 Ma), the Blanchette-1 pegmatite dyke (1060.8 ± 7,0 Ma), and two granitic injections (1057.9 ± 8,3 et 1075,1 ± 3.8 Ma). The ages show that REE mineralization associated with alkaline intrusions and pegmatites are two distinct events. The Hf isotope analyses allow us to estimate a model age of ~1400 Ma for the granitic injections and the Blanchette-1 pegmatite. This age is consistent with the partial melting of granitic gneisses of the Vermilion Plutonic Suite. However, a previous study in the central Grenville attributed the formation of REE-rich pegmatites to the melting of metasedimentary rocks. Since the melting of metasedimentary or igneous rocks can lead to the formation of REE-enriched pegmatites in the central Grenville, the nature of the source is not the key factor that favors this enrichment.