This thesis studies to simulate the axial flow fans by using the CFD software. Designing two geometries types of axial flow fans which had different twist angles and the same contour¡]70¡Ñ70¡Ñ15 mm¡^with the Joukowski airfoil; then, defining the boundaries shapes identical with the experimental instrument. In the part of numerical calculation, varying the rotation speed ¡]rpm¡^,volume flow rate¡]CFM¡^and seven types of turbulence models to simulate the flow fields and evaluate the axial flow fans performance curves. Utilizing the comparison of the experimental and simulate results to provide the appropriate turbulent models to periodic the performance curve precisely.

Predicted cooling system performance plays an important role in choices among alternative system selections and designs. When system performance is expressed in proper indicators such as "overall system energy consumption" or "overall system efficiency", it can provide the decision makers with a quantitative measure of the extent to which a cooling system satisfies the system design requirements and objectives. Predictions of cooling system energy consumption and efficiency imply assumptions about component performance. Quantitative appraisal of the uncertainty (lack of knowledge) in these assumptions can be used by design practitioners to select and design systems, by energy contractors to guarantee future system energy cost savings, and codes and standards officials to set proper goals to conserve energy. Our lack of knowledge has different sources, notably unknown tolerances in equipment nameplate data, and unpredictable load profiles. Both cause systems to under-perform current predictions, and as a result decrease the accuracy of the outcomes of energy simulations that commonly are used to verify system performance during the design and construction stages. There can be many other causes of unpredictable system behavior, for example due to bad workmanship in the installation, occurrence of faults in the operation of certain system parts, deterioration over time and other. These uncertainties are typically much harder to quantify and their propagation into the calculated energy consumption is much harder to accomplish. In this thesis, these categories of failures are not considered, i.e. the treatment is limited to component tolerances and load variability. In this research the effects of equipment nameplate tolerances and cooling load profile variability on the overall energy consumption and efficiency of commonly used commercial cooling systems are quantified. The main target of this thesis is to present a methodology for calculating the chances that a specific cooling system could deviate from a certain efficiency level by a certain margin, and use these results to guide practitioners and energy performance contractors to select, and guarantee system performances more realistically. By doing that, the plan is to establish a systematic approach of developing expressions of risk, in commercial cooling system consumption and efficiency calculations, and thus to advocate the use of expressions of risk as design targets. This thesis makes a contribution to improving our fundamental understanding of performance risk in selecting and sizing certain HVAC design concepts.

The purpose of the diploma thesis is to establish on survey of swirl pump from previous years and his optimization via which is suggested the second degree of synchronous pump whereas they should work together like a total artificial heart. Hydraulic and constructional proposal is solved. Conception is realized experimentally also with help of CFD calculation, results are compared with each other.

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Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são estudar e caracterizar as perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos a ímãs permanentes, quando da existência de uma barreira de material condutor entre seus rotores. Tais perdas são originadas da circulação de correntes parasitas de Foucault na barreira e implicam um torque resistivo ao torque transmitido pelo acoplamento, diminuindo, dessa maneira, a eficácia de sua transmissão. Com este estudo pretendeu-se investigar também a influência desse efeito resistivo na curva característica do acoplamento, ou seja, na curva torque em função do deslocamento angular entre os rotores. A determinação dessa influência da placa condutora no comportamento do acoplamento magnético é de suma importância, uma vez que permite seu correto dimensionamento em aplicações como bombas seladas e agitadores. Para a determinação da influência da barreira, recorreu-se a uma abordagem analítica para o cálculo das perdas geradas pelas correntes parasitas, que são induzidas na placa condutora. Desta forma, foi possível obter o torque resistivo em função dos parâmetros construtivos do acoplamento e da velocidade de rotação. A validação da metodologia empregada será feita pela comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, através de ensaios num protótipo já construído. / The main objectives of this work are to study and to determine losses in permanent magnet couplings in the presence of a conductive barrier between its rotors. These losses are originated from eddy currents that circulate in the barrier and entail a resistive torque to the torque that is transmitted by the coupling and therefore, reduces the efficiency of its transmission. With this study, it was also intended to investigate such resistive effect influence in the coupling characteristic curve, i.e. in the torque versus angular shift between rotors curve. The determination of the conductive barrier influence on the magnetic coupling behavior is of major importance, since it allows the correct designing in applications as sealed pumps and magnetic stirrers. In order to determine the barrier influence, an analytical approach was used in order to calculate the losses generated by the eddy current circulation, which are induced in the conductive wall. As a result, it was possible to obtain the resistive torque as a function of the magnet coupling geometrical parameters and angular speed. The validation of the employed methodology will be made comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, obtained from tests in the existing prototype.

Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são estudar e caracterizar as perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos a ímãs permanentes, quando da existência de uma barreira de material condutor entre seus rotores. Tais perdas são originadas da circulação de correntes parasitas de Foucault na barreira e implicam um torque resistivo ao torque transmitido pelo acoplamento, diminuindo, dessa maneira, a eficácia de sua transmissão. Com este estudo pretendeu-se investigar também a influência desse efeito resistivo na curva característica do acoplamento, ou seja, na curva torque em função do deslocamento angular entre os rotores. A determinação dessa influência da placa condutora no comportamento do acoplamento magnético é de suma importância, uma vez que permite seu correto dimensionamento em aplicações como bombas seladas e agitadores. Para a determinação da influência da barreira, recorreu-se a uma abordagem analítica para o cálculo das perdas geradas pelas correntes parasitas, que são induzidas na placa condutora. Desta forma, foi possível obter o torque resistivo em função dos parâmetros construtivos do acoplamento e da velocidade de rotação. A validação da metodologia empregada será feita pela comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, através de ensaios num protótipo já construído. / The main objectives of this work are to study and to determine losses in permanent magnet couplings in the presence of a conductive barrier between its rotors. These losses are originated from eddy currents that circulate in the barrier and entail a resistive torque to the torque that is transmitted by the coupling and therefore, reduces the efficiency of its transmission. With this study, it was also intended to investigate such resistive effect influence in the coupling characteristic curve, i.e. in the torque versus angular shift between rotors curve. The determination of the conductive barrier influence on the magnetic coupling behavior is of major importance, since it allows the correct designing in applications as sealed pumps and magnetic stirrers. In order to determine the barrier influence, an analytical approach was used in order to calculate the losses generated by the eddy current circulation, which are induced in the conductive wall. As a result, it was possible to obtain the resistive torque as a function of the magnet coupling geometrical parameters and angular speed. The validation of the employed methodology will be made comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, obtained from tests in the existing prototype.

In this dissertation, studies of accelerated pavement testing have been discussed and the relative advantage of using the Model Mobile Load Simulator 3 (MMLS3) has been illustrated. A test protocol of using MMLS3 as a fatigue characterization tool has been proposed and validated by testing several Hot Mix Asphalt slabs. Data acquisition was performed with strain gauges placed in different directions under slabs in controlled environmental condition. Analysis of data showed the effect of wheel load on fatigue behavior of pavement in terms of strain history response, cracking and reduction of modulus. Performance curves showing relation between initial strain and failure loads were developed and were compared with the performance curves obtained from standard method. It has been shown that rutting related excessive permanent strain due to movement of particles under wheel path can affect fatigue performance of Hot Mix Asphalt pavement. Method of estimation of time dependent strain has also been developed to predict observed strain.

As the earth’s climate changes due to anthropogenic emissions, it has increasingly become an imperative within the ecological community to understand existing species adaptations to climate change. Much focus has been paid to how a species might react to climate change, but the role of locally adapted traits and responsible environmental mechanisms have received less attention. Quantifying how sublethal (e.g. growth rates) and lethal (e.g. thermal tolerance) trait performance vary between populations can thus improve our understanding of how populations, and the entire species, will react to climate change. Here, I quantified the spatial patterns of performance of several traits in populations of the predatory marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea from across two thermal gradients on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In chapter 2, I quantified local adaptation and plasticity of thermal tolerance, warming tolerance, and developmental traits of Urosalpinx. I found that while low latitude populations have evolved higher thermal tolerance than their low latitude counterparts, they also demonstrate negative plasticity in response to higher acclimation temperatures. This is likely a result of low latitude population adaptation to cooler developmental conditions. Further, low latitude populations live in environments much closer to their thermal maxima than high latitude counterparts, resulting in higher climate sensitivity in low latitudes. In chapter 3, I quantified growth and consumption rates of Urosalpinx via a common garden experiment. I found evidence for a novel pattern of trait adaptation, wherein high latitude populations tended to have higher trait performance at higher thermal optima than low latitude counterparts. This can be attributed to the maximizing of growth rate during short growing seasons at high latitudes. Together, these results demonstrate that local adaptation in endemic across two traits in Urosalpinx. I demonstrate that these traits tend to be adapted to aspects of the environment directly related to aspects of Urosalpinx phenology, and not to environmental means as is commonly assumed. These insights suggest that models of organismal performance under climate change must consider not only the potential for local adaptation in populations, but also the aspects of the environment to which these populations are evolved.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices. The theoretical part describes the heart and its function. Blood is characterized in terms of rheological behavior and the possible criteria for hemolysis are discussed. The following section describes the most commonly used ventricular assist devices, with emphasis on the use of the regenerative pump, including its components. In the practical part, an experimental analysis of two pumps (COV 43 and COV 23) is performed. Furthermore, non-dimensional characteristics of the pumps are constructed using the laws of similarity. In the computational part, the CFD analysis of the regenerative pump is performed by means of stationary and transient calculation. The results are compared with the experimental findings and based on the results, the impeller of regenerative pump was modified.