Charlotte Perkins Gilman, une femme de lettres du XIXe siècle, a bien failli perdre, complètement et à jamais, sa capacité d'écrire au terme de traitements inappropriés pour sa dépression. Elle rédige un récit autobiographique et dénonciateur qui illustre son combat contre la science et la société de son époque. À la fin du récit, la narratrice, quoique anéantie, refuse de se soumettre et continue désespérément d'aller de l'avant. C'est une fin qui suggère, même au XIXe siècle, qu'elle (la femme, la Nature) avait raison, et que le médecin (l'homme, la Culture) avait tort. Au XXe siècle, Martine Desjardins reprend cette histoire sous forme de fiction. Notre étude comparative des deux oeuvres repose sur l'hypothèse principale selon laquelle Desjardins s'est largement inspirée du récit de Gilman pour rédiger son roman. De fait, les deux oeuvres, La Chambre au papier peint (1892) et Le Cercle de Clara (1997), l'une inspirée d'une histoire réelle et l'autre présentée comme imaginaire mais fort probablement inspirée de la première, racontent sensiblement la même histoire. Pourquoi une femme du XXe siècle a-t-elle choisi de réécrire cette histoire en disant « je » à son tour? En quoi le « je » d'une femme du XIXe siècle peut-il trouver écho chez celui d'une femme moderne? Et, comment, par l'écriture, la femme peut-elle exorciser ses souffrances et reconquérir son identité? Le premier chapitre de ce travail traite de la mise sous silence des femmes au XIXe siècle. Le second dresse le portrait de Charlotte Perkins Gilman et présente son récit autobiographique, puis le troisième porte sur la parole que les femmes ont reconquise au XXe siècle et met de l'avant les ressemblances et les différences entre les textes en mettant l'accent sur la modernité et le féminisme de l'oeuvre de Desjardins. Desjardins a rédigé son roman en hommage aux femmes qui ont donné leur corps et leur âme à la société pour permettre à celles d'aujourd'hui de pouvoir publier. Le « je » individuel de Gilman est donc, aujourd 'hui plus que jamais, collectif. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Féminisme, Écriture, XIXe siècle, Hystérie.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-06-05T13:09:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2393348 bytes, checksum: eb5e15f967b00de08e5ce2781413ffd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T13:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2393348 bytes, checksum: eb5e15f967b00de08e5ce2781413ffd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Seeking to meet the electricity demand in Brazil, power plants, industries and businesses showed an increase in consumption of natural gas by 17.5% between 2013 and 2014 (RESENHA ENERGÉTICA BRASILEIRA, 2015). Most of these facilities use generators for electricity through natural gas. Such groups are formed generally by a Diesel engine coupled to an electric generator. The engines of these groups may be classified as aspirated or turbocharged. It is known, moreover, that the gaseous emissions generated by the Diesel engine, make replaced by clean fuels such as natural gas, an attractive alternative. Converstion of Diesel engines for the Otto cycle, may be an option for generating electricity from natural gas, mainly because it is a low cost compared to the price of gas gensets technology. However, in turbocharged engines converted to natural gas, are identified during operations, temperatures higher than those allowed in the turbine, limiting thus the possibility of reaching the rated power of these motors. The use, however, a heat exchanger gives rise to a Diesel engine converted to Otto cycle work without restriction in all its power domain. This paper examines the issues related to the choice of a heat exchanger, construction, installation and the results of its operation in a motor Perkins turbocharged converted to Otto cycle for natural gas. In performance tests, we used a hydraulic dynamometer, with a maximum of 500 hp capacity. All tests were performed with the rotation set at 1800 RPM, for all powers of labor, including the original maximum power that had diesel, stand-by time of 153 cv (112.4 kW). The maximum thermal efficieny of the engine was 39.1 % for 153 cv power. The NOx and CO levels, were, respectively, 348 ppm and 3.48 % when the engine is operated at power of 153 cv. The effectiveness of the introduced heat exchanger ranged between 33 and 33.7 %. / Buscando suprir a demanda de energia elétrica no Brasil, as termelétricas, indústrias e estabelecimentos comerciais apresentaram um aumento no consumo de gás natural de 17,5% entre 2013 e 2014 (RESENHA ENERGÉTICA BRASILEIRA, 2015). A maioria dessas instalações utilizam grupos geradores para obter energia elétrica. Tais grupos são formados, geralmente, por um motor Diesel acoplado a um gerador elétrico. Os motores desses grupos, podem ser classificados como aspirados ou turboalimentados. Sabe-se, por outro lado, que os níveis de emissões gasosas geradas pela combustão do diesel, torna sua substituição por combustíveis não poluentes, como o gás natural, uma alternativa atrativa. A conversão dos motores Diesel para o ciclo Otto (Ottolização), pode ser uma opção para a geração de energia elétrica a partir do gás natural, sobretudo, por ser uma tecnologia de baixo custo frente aos preços dos grupos geradores a gás. No entanto, nos motores turboalimentados convertidos para gás natural, são identificadas, durante suas operações, temperaturas superiores àquelas permitidas na turbina, limitando, desta forma, a possibilidade de se chegar às potências nominais desses motores. O uso, todavia, de um trocador de calor dá margem para que um motor Diesel ottolizado funcione, sem restrições, em todo seu domínio de potência. Este trabalho examina os aspectos relacionados à escolha de um trocador de calor, sua construção, instalação e os resultados de seu funcionamento em um motor Perkins turboalimentado Ottolizado para gás natural. Nos testes de desempenho, utilizou-se um dinamômetro hidráulico, com capacidade máxima de 500 cv. Todos os ensaios foram feitos com a rotação fixada em 1800 RPM, para todas as potências de trabalho, inclusive a potência máxima original que se tinha com diesel, em stand-by, de 153 cv (112,4 kW). O máximo rendimento térmico do motor foi de 39,1 % para a potência de 153 cv. Os níveis de NOx e de CO, ficaram, respectivamente, em 348 ppm e 3,48 % quando o motor operava na potência de 153 cv. A efetividade do trocador de calor introduzido variou de 33 a 33,7 %.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Zelda Fitzgerald provide unique insight into the patriarchal worlds they lived in through autobiographical accounts of their lives. The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the diaries of Gilman and her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson, serve as Gilman’s autobiographical texts of the period before, during, and immediately after her breakdown. The correspondence between Fitzgerald and her husband, F. Scott Fitzgerald, as well as Scott’s letters to Zelda’s psychiatrists serve as a biographical (and, in the case of her letters to Scott, autobiographical) account of her life during the period of her institutionalizations, from 1930 up to Scott’s death in 1940. These biographies and autobiographies, studied in conjunction with their fictionalized autobiographical accounts, Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall-Paper” and Fitzgerald’s Save Me The Waltz, illustrate the struggles these women, and by extension, many women of their time, experienced when they were unable to live up to the expectations a patriarchal society placed on them to be perfect wives and mothers. The construction of the feminine by the patriarchy required women to be complacent, meek, dependent, and infantile, and this construction, complicated by the issues of institutionalization and hysteria, is at the heart of the works of Gilman and Fitzgerald. The subtexts present in their fiction demonstrate that Gilman and Fitzgerald not only understood and felt the pressure of the patriarchal construction of femininity, but were acutely aware of how it could exert itself on women, particularly white, economically privileged women. Both authors, victims of the same patriarchal mechanism that dominated society during the turn of the twentieth century, provide insight into their own perspectives through their autobiographies, and then create fictional worlds in which the implications of these perspectives are realized to the detriment of their protagonists. While critics have examined this focus within individual stories by these writers, they have not been examined together in a comprehensive discussion of the patriarchal construction of the feminine and its manifestation in the autobiographical/biographical and fictional works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Zelda Fitzgerald.

Since 1973, the year in which Elaine Hedges's groundbreaking edition of "The Yellow Wallpaper" was published, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story has been read primarily as one of America's leading feminist texts. With potent symbolism and a fragmented style of narration, it is easy to understand why many feminist scholars fashion the story's narrator into a proactive feminist, a courageous heroine who rebels against patriarchal oppression. While this trend of interpretation compellingly attempts to empower the narrator, it often overlooks her perspective of disability and projects the characteristics of a nondisabled, high-functioning feminist on a mentally ill woman. This paper reads Gilman's short story as a narrative of mental illness and applies the research of feminist disability scholars Anita Silvers, Jenny Morris, and Susan Wendell to a close reading of the story. Approaching the story from this perspective, we can identify the systems of oppression that disable the narrator and read "The Yellow Wallpaper" in a way that validates the subjective reality of depression and invites disabled voices into feminism's exploration of womanhood.

Abstract This paper will attempt to analyze how similar forms of power play are manifested towards the protagonists in both The Bell Jar and “The Yellow Wallpaper”. The aim of the essay is to investigate how power play affects the protagonists’ relations with their caregivers and how it affects their treatments. Thus, the hypothesis is that it is the power play that prevents the protagonists in “The Yellow Wallpaper” and The Bell Jar from recovering from their mental illness, which is confirmed by my analysis. Therefore, the concept of power play will be used in the essay as an instrument of analysis. The hypothesis will be discussed from five main points: obstacles to recovery, caregivers’ role in recovery, patients’ response to treatment, the role of power play, and the negative impact which power play has on recovery. Keywords: Power play, mental illness, treatment, recovery, patient-caregiver relationship, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Sylvia Plath, Reet Sjögren.

Thèse doctorat : Littérature américaine : Nantes : 2007. / Bibliogr. p. 519-531.

This dissertation contributes to the discipline by demonstrating successful and productive incorporation of feminist research methods and methodologies in rhetorical studies and the application of the rhetorical arts to feminist projects. Specifically this dissertation examines the history of state-sanctioned marriage in the US and its contribution to normative discourses of family that problematically inform public policies and mainstream arguments directed at some working and parenting women struggling to care for their families and provide for them economically. Through feminist rhetorical analyses of congressional testimony on welfare; feminist rhetorics on women, work, family, and economics; and narratives of women's lived experiences derived from an interview-based study, this project renders visible and disrupts mechanizations of privilege and oppression deployed through hegemonic discourses on marriage and family. It concludes that feminist rhetorical scholars are uniquely trained and therefore called upon to address inequities promulgated through national attachment to state-sanctioned marriage and normative models of family.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of History, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Ellen Condliffe Lagcmann. Dissertation Committee: Douglas Sloan. Includes bibliographical references (¡. 208-220).