This study explores the construction of regional identities through music performance and mediated forms of public culture in the urban Amazon of Peru, focusing on the city of Iquitos. A fast-developing metropolis, Iquitos's increasing industrial, ecological and economic importance on the national scale has driven a population explosion, drawing migrants from the surrounding jungle whose traditional communities are disintegrating. Urban musicians respond to these changes by attempting to create an inclusive, Amazonian regional community through public culture. A local folkloric genre called pandilla, which has morphed from a style associated mainly with native communities in another region of the Amazon to a distinctly mestizo music and dance from Iquitos, has been particularly central to this process. Shaped through forms of public culture in urban Amazonia that articulate cosmopolitanism and globalization to the local milieu, it connects a folkloric past -- molded by colonial dominance -- to the present, which is steeped in cosmopolitanism and regional pride. This project traces the region’s history beginning with an influential folkloric ensemble, Los Solteritos, which emerged in the early 1960s and came to epitomize local mestizo music, shaping iquiteño esthetics and repertoire, and establishing pandilla as a pan-Amazonian folkloric genre. It shows how this urban folkloric group claims deep ties to rural, indigenous Amazonia, even as it invests heavily in cosmopolitan esthetics and the mechanized reproduction of sound. Finally, this study demonstrates how Explosión, a pop group that performs tecno-cumbia music became the representative pop ensemble of Iquitos by bringing local symbols of cosmopolitanism and folklore into their performances. The ensemble re-packaged pandilla for consumption by various audiences locally and nationally, creating a unique music style at the juncture of community and cosmopolitanism, where industry and consumerism often shape musical trajectories. Overall, through the tecno-cumbiaization of pandilla, Iquitos is coming to terms with its position as an Amazonian city seeking admittance into the nation imaginary and radio, piracy, and public performance are the varied public cultural sites where regional identity is shaped as the Amazon grows in economic and political significance. / text

El periodismo especializado en música en el Perú, no es una rama que haya sido desarrollada con mucha frecuencia. Si bien sí han existido diferentes medios impresos que se han atrevido a publicar este tipo de información hace años, en la actualidad son casi escasos. Frente a ello, surgen diferentes plataformas en el mundo virtual, dispuestas a producir contenido periodístico musical. A raíz de ello, se decidió abordar este ámbito del periodismo digital especializado, tomando como casos a las plataformas peruanas Tercer Parlante, Conciertos Perú y Garaje del Rock. Este trabajo tiene como tema principal, realizar un análisis descriptivo de los tipos de relatos. Ya sean notas informativas, crónicas, reseñas y entrevistas, de las tres plataformas ya mencionadas. Asimismo, se busca descubrir si la información brindada por estas plataformas, es periodística. Para esto, se utilizó una metodología descriptiva e interpretativa y se hizo una observación a las publicaciones de los años 2017 hasta 2020, de las tres plataformas. Asimismo, se utilizaron las fichas como instrumento de investigación. Estas dos fichas se sub- dividieron en dos categorías. En la primera categoría, se describió la estructura de la página, se identificaron las secciones y la frecuencia con la que publican. Mientras que en la segunda categoría, se describieron los titulares, la agenda, el manejo de fuentes, los tipos de relatos, el manejo de lenguaje especializado y el uso de recursos digitales. Una vez terminada la investigación, se llegó a la conclusión de que estas plataformas sí brindan material periodístico especializado. / Music journalism in Peru is not a branch that has been developed very often. Although there have been different print media that have dared to publish this type of information years ago, nowadays they are almost scarce. Faced with this, different platforms emerge in the virtual world, willing to produce musical journalistic content. As a result, it was decided to address this area of specialized digital journalism, taking as cases the Peruvian platforms Tercer Parlante, Conciertos Perú and Garaje del Rock. This investigation's main theme is to carry out a descriptive analysis of the types of stories. Whether they are informative notes, chronicles, reviews and interviews, of the three platforms already mentioned. Likewise, it seeks to discover if the information provided by these platforms is journalistic. For this, a descriptive and interpretive methodology was used and an observation was made of the publications from the years 2017 to 2020, from the three platforms. Likewise, the files were used as a research instrument. These two files were subdivided into two categories. In the first category, the structure of the page was described, the sections and the frequency with which they publish were identified. While in the second category, the headlines, the agenda, the handling of sources, the types of stories, the handling of specialized language and the use of digital resources were described. Once the investigation was completed, it was concluded that these platforms do provide specialized journalistic material. / Trabajo de investigación

Durante la década de los 90s, el Perú se encontraba en una situación política inestable debido a conflictos internos previos y a cambios que ocurrían en el mundo. La población, entonces, adopta una actitud pragmática en búsqueda de la reconstrucción nacional; actitud que puede verse reflejada en la producción artística de la época. Frente a este contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar cómo se representa el hedonismo en los videos musicales de la banda peruana “Nosequien y los Nosecuantos” durante los años 90. Para su desarrollo; en un primer momento, se explicará el papel del videoclip dentro del proceso comunicativo. Posteriormente, definiremos el hedonismo como doctrina moral. Y, por último, se describirá el contexto sociocultural de los 90s en el Perú. Este artículo de investigación se basará en una visión del mundo interpretativa y se realizará bajo un enfoque cualitativo. Asimismo, la técnica metodológica que se usará para la obtención de datos será la del análisis de contenido. / During the 1990s, Peru was in an unstable political situation due to previous internal conflicts and changes that occurred in the world. Population, then, adopts a pragmatic attitude in search of national reconstruction; attitude that can be seen reflected in the artistic production of the time. In this context, this research work seeks to analyze how hedonism is represented in the music videos of the Peruvian band “Nosequien y los Nosecuantos” during the 90s. For its development, at first; the video clip role in the communication process will be explained. Subsequently, hedonism will be defined as a moral doctrine. And finally, the sociocultural context of the 90s in Peru will be described. This research article will be based on an interpretive worldview and will be done with a qualitative approach. Likewise, the methodological technique that will be used to obtain data will be that of content analysis. / Trabajo de investigación

La façon dont les bandes sonores ont été abordées dans le cinéma péruvien au cours des dernières décennies a changé. Depuis l'apparition des techniques numériques de réalisation de films en 1996, les films ne suivent pas les mêmes conventions qui ont été établies durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Cette étude vise à comprendre comment les musiques afro-péruviennes et créoles péruviennes traditionnelles ont été utilisée dans la bande originale des longs métrages commerciaux péruviens entre 1996 et 2015. Après l'observation de 113 des 146 films péruviens commercialisés au cours de cette période, les 13 films contenant de la musique afro-péruvienne ou créole traditionnelle ont été sélectionnés afin d'analyser leur bande sonore. Chaque analyse se concentre sur les aspects généraux du film, la musique diégétique et les chansons, le style et le concept, les techniques de composition et présente une évaluation de la bande sonore. La comparaison des résultats des analyses a montré que la façon dont la musique traditionnelle a été utilisée dans le cinéma péruvien a changé par rapport aux décennies précédentes et que certains modèles de son utilisation sont apparus. / The way soundtracks have been approached in Peruvian cinema during the last decades has changed. Since the apparition of digital filmmaking techniques in 1996, movies don’t follow the same conventions that were established during the second half of the 20th century. This study aims to understand how traditional Afro-Peruvian and Peruvian creole music has been used in the soundtrack of commercial Peruvian feature films between 1996 and 2015. Based on the observation of 113 of the 146 commercially released Peruvian films during this period, the 13 movies that contain traditional Afro-Peruvian or creole music were selected in order to analyse their soundtrack. Each analysis focuses on general aspects of the film, the source music and songs, the style and concept, the compositional techniques and presents an evaluation of the soundtrack. The comparison of the results from the analyses showed that the way traditional music has been used in Peruvian cinema has changed in relation to previous decades and that some patterns in its use have appeared.