Membrane technology plays a crucial role in different separation processes such as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and food industries, drinking water supply, and wastewater treatment. However, there is a growing concern that solvents commonly used for membrane fabrication, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), are toxic to the environment and human health. To explore the possibility of substituting these toxic solvents by less toxic or safer solvents, polymers commonly used for membrane fabrication, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), cellulose acetate (CA), polyethersulfone (PES), and poly(ether imide sulfone) (EXTEMTM), were dissolved in ionic liquids. Flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes were then fabricated. The thermodynamics of the polymer solutions, the kinetics of phase inversion and other factors, which resulted in significant differences in the membrane structure, compared to those of membranes fabricated from more toxic solvents, were investigated. Higher water permeance with smaller pores, unique and uniform morphologies, and narrower pore size distribution, were observed in the ionic liquid-based membranes. Furthermore, comparable performance on separation of peptides and proteins with various molecular weights was achieved with the membranes fabricated from ionic liquid solutions. In summary, we propose less hazardous polymer solutions to the environment, which can be used for the membrane fabrication with better performance and more regular morphology.

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In dieser Dissertation erfolgt eine Analyse des Schutzes von Biodiversität durch Payments for Environmental Services (PES) und, insbesondere im empirischen Teil, innerhalb des Ansatzes Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus (REDDplus). Die Anwendung von PES-Programmen zum Schutz von Biodiversität gewinnt im umweltpolitischen Bereich immer mehr an Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig ist die Umsetzung solcher Schutzprogramme jedoch mit erheblichen Transaktionskosten und damit der Gefahr von Ineffizienzen verbunden. Die Möglichkeit der Bündelung von Biodiversität mit einer weiteren Ökosystemleistung, hier der Speicherung von Kohlenstoffdioxid, wird hinsichtlich der Wirkungen auf die Schutzniveaus beider Ökosystemleistungen und der Veränderung der Produktionsweise des landwirtschaftlichen Sektors in einem monopsonistischen Modelansatz analysiert. Durch die formale Analyse zeigt sich, dass für einen effizienteren Schutz der beiden Ökosystemleistungen economies of scope bei den Transaktionskosten mit der Bündelung von PES-Programmen realisiert werden müssen. Ein Beispiel für die praktische Umsetzung von Payments for Environmental Services ist der REDDplus-Ansatz. Das Ziel ist die Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen durch den Erhalt und die nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung von tropischen Wäldern, aber auch der Schutz von Biodiversität. Innerhalb des empirischen Teiles der Dissertation wird untersucht, inwiefern es durch die Verfolgung beider Ziele zur Realisierung von economies of scope bei den Transaktionskosten kommt. In die Analyse werden sechs Länder (Costa-Rica, Indonesien, Mexiko, Kambodscha, Peru und Vietnam) einbezogen. Die Analyse erfolgt auf der Grundlage von Szenarien, welche mit Hilfe der Readiness Proposals der Länder für den Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2030 erstellt wurden. Anhand der Ergebnisse kann gezeigt werden, dass es nicht automatisch durch die Zusammenlegung von PES-Programmen zu einer Realisierung von economies of scope kommt. Eine Bündelung solcher Programme ist daher nicht in allen Phasen ihrer Umsetzung ratsam. / This thesis conducts an analysis of conservation of biodiversity through Payments for Environmental Services (PES) and, particularly in the empirical part, within the approach of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus (REDDplus). In the field of environmental policy the use of PES programs to conserve biodiversity becomes increasingly important. At the same time the implementation of such programs is associated with significant transaction costs and the risk of inefficiency. The possibility of pooling biodiversity with other ecosystem services, here carbon sequestration, is analyzed in a monopsonistic model with regard to the effects on the level of conservation of both ecosystem services and the change in the production process of the agricultural sector. The results of the formal analysis pointed out that economies of scope must be realized in transaction costs for an efficient conservation of both ecosystem services. The REDDplus approach is an example of the practical implementation of Payments for Environmental Services. The target of this approach is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through preservation and sustainable management of tropical forests, but also the conservation of biodiversity. The empirical part of the thesis examines the possibility of realizing economies of scope in transaction costs if both targets are pursued. The analysis includes six REDDplus countries (Costa Rica, Indonesia, Mexico, Cambodia, Peru and Vietnam). The analysis is performed on the basis of scenarios that have been created using the Readiness Proposals of countries for the period from 2008 to 2030.The results show that merging PES programs does not automatically ensure a realization of economies of scope. A bundling of such programs is not advisable at all stages of implementation.

124 p. : maps, tables ; 26 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1959

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1959.

The aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence of aggressive behavior in dogs in Brno-venkov district. The introduction describes canine domestication and their importance in the human society. The next chapter summarizes knowledge about canine aggression. The data gathering and processing can be found in the materials and method section. The results suggest that there are many factors affecting the aggressive behavior in dogs.

The thesis was focused on canine interactions in public spaces. Three hundred canine dyads was observed. The gender of the dog affected the initiation of sniffing. The gender of the dog and leading of dogs had an effect on the location of sniffing on the body of dogs. Number of sniffing places was affected by day time and leading of dogs. Playful interactions were affected by the place of observation and leading of dogs. The gender of the dog and it's owner had an impact on marking the territory. In conclusion, the results indicate that canine interactions are influenced by a number of factors.

The topic of this diploma work was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical indicators of various breeds of dogs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the blood samples taken from 10 dogs and 10 bitches of various breeds and find out the dependency of values in relation to their age, nutrition and sex. The samples were processed and evaluated from May to October 2015. The following was examined from the hematological indicators: RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, WBC and a blood smear was made, from which a differential count of leucocytes was made. Furthermore, the following biochemical indicators were examined: TP, GLU, CHOL and ATP. The literature research first focused on the basic components of dog feed. Moreover, the hematological and biochemical indicators of blood as well as the methodology of the whole experiment were described. The results were processed with the aid of the RStudio program and the following basic statistical characteristics were counted: median, minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The ANOVA statistical method was used, in which the dependency of values among sex, age category and the type of feed fed to the animals was determined. Furthermore, the values among the breeds were compared. From the differences observed among the breeds, there was an increase in red blood cells in German Shepherds and Dobermans. Dobermans, Labrador Retrievers and German shepherd crossbreeds had increased values of ALT. Significant findings showed that there was an increase in the number of red blood cells and hematocrits in subjects fed with granulated feed as opposed to subjects with a combined diet. The difference was also observed for MCV between the genders. Differences between the genders were found for ALT values. More data would be needed to confirm the relationship to age. ALT values are dependent on the type of feed, where the values are higher in subjects fed with a completely granulated diet. The values of total protein increased in dogs with age. This trend is likely to be observed in bitches. For subjects fed a combined diet (granulated feed + home diet) an increase in the value of total protein was observed with age. For subjects fed granulated feed, this increase was not as significant.

The aim of the thesis was observation of communication between dogs in open spaces in Brno. Eighty six dyads were observed. The pause before meeting was affected by the sex of the dog. Behavior during sniffing was influenced by the age and sex of the dog. The last sniffing place was affected by the age of the dog. Play was influenced by the use of a leash. The urination was affected by the sex of the dog. Results suggest that canine communication is affected by many factors.

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