The chemicals inducers SA, BABA, and BTH were tested as seed treatment and soil drench on a partial-resistant cultivar of sugar beet grown in sand infested with the Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2IIIB. In another series of experiments, BTH was applied as soil drench on sugar beet plants inoculated with R. solani. The chemical inducers were ineffective in reducing pre-emergence damping-off and post-emergence plant mortality. Despite these results, treatment with BTH altered the levels of expression ratios of four defence encoding genes associated with systemic resistance: chitinase, peroxidase, chalcone isomerase, and chalcone synthase. BTH sensitised sugar beet plants without the necessity of R. solani infection to up-regulate substantially the transcript level ratios of chalcS and chit3, while levels of chalcI were down-regulated levels below 1. Of interest, was the significant increase of transcript levels of chit3 in sugar beet plants infected with R. solani and treated with BTH. In conclusion, sugar beet plants were capable of over expressing selected genes in response to a chemical inducer, but contrary to what had been reported, gene activation in sugar beet as a result of BTH treatment does not confer disease resistance against R. solani.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1963. / Bibliography: leaves 67-71. / v, 71, [3] leaves mount. illus. (part col.) mount. diagrs., tables

Typescript (photocopy) / iv, 123 leaves, [3] leaves of plates : ill. (part col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Genetics, 1978

Typescript (photocopy) / iv, 130 leaves, [6] leaves of plates : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Pathology, 1978?

2 pp. / Alfalfa varieties differ in fall dormancy, defined as growth during the fall. Nondormant alfalfa varieties are usually planted in mild winter areas for their ability to grow in the late fall, winter, and early spring. Select alfalfa varieties that have resistance to potential pest problems. Alfalfa varieties are available that have salt tolerance or are Roundup Ready. Ratings are provided in this publication. Many of the varieties listed in this publication have been tested for yield and final stand by the University of Arizona in small plot trials. Revised 10/2016. Most recent version 09/2015

Typescript, etc.

The possible biochemical mechanisms of varietal and species specificity of obligate fungal parasites are considered in relation to the established genetics and biochemistry of host-parasite systems. The two general theories of specificity which have been put forward are identified. One invokes the induction of successful pathogenesis as a primary determinant in specificity while the other predicts that recognition of avirulent pathogens by the host leads to induced resistance which acts as the determinant in specificity. The former theory is supported by evidence for the appearance of novel host enzymes during disease development. The latter is supported by observations of host gene derepression and phytoalexin accumulation which occur in resistance responses at times prior to any significant response in susceptible combinations. These theories are examined experimentally in the flax/flax rust system. The molecular origin of ribonuclease with altered catalytic properties, which arises during disease development, is examined. Rigorous purification reveals that the altered catalytic properties can be accounted for by altered proportions of ribonuclease I isozymes. These changes are similar during resistant and susceptible reactions until sporulation occurs. Induced resistance is characterized and compared to primary changes during susceptibility through a detailed study of RNA and protein synthesis. Enhanced RNA synthesis occurs in the resistant reaction at times prior to any measurable response in the susceptible combination, although both combinations exhibit higher rates of RNA synthesis at later times. RNA was fractionated by electrophoresis and affinity chromatography and messenger activity assessed by in vitro translation. Enhanced RNA synthesis is characterized by decreased messenger polyadenylation. However, polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated messenger RNA were shown to encode many common polypeptides; this provides an explanation for the fact that few changes in iri vivo protein synthesis can be detected by one or two dimensional electrophoresis. The only marked changes in protein synthesis occur in the susceptible combination and include a dramatic decline in the synthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. It is concluded that incompatibility of an avirulent race of rust with the flax variety Bombay is determined by induced resistance resulting from recognition of the avirulent pathogen prior to the initiation of pathogenesis. However, specific biochemical events in the host, particularly those involving chloroplast function, may be necessary for successful pathogen development. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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