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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Occurrence and the exposure potential of selected pesticide residues in strawberries, particularly preformed human malathion biomarkers in leaves and berries

Li, Yanhong, January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
12

Analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues in Malaysian paddy fish and the health risk to human consumption

Chen, Donald Fook Koh. January 1982 (has links)
Thesis (DR. P.H.)--University of Michigan.
13

Measuring and modeling dermal absorption of pesticide residues /

Doran, Edward M. January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 250-284).
14

Resíduos de acefato, de seu metobólito metamidofós e de clorotalonil em cultura protegida de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) e de campo. / Residues of acephate, of its metabolite methamidophos and of chlorothalonil in greenhouse and field tomato crops (lycopersicon esculentum mill).

Trevizan, Luiz Roberto Pimentel 29 January 2003 (has links)
O desenvolvimento da agricultura, a modernização dos meios da produção agrícola, buscando atender um mercado exigente em produtos de alta qualidade tem aumentado grandemente os cultivos conduzidos em condições de estufa. Tais culturas, demandam o uso de pesticidas para controle de problemas fitossanitários, cujos resíduos, principalmente em hortaliças e frutas, são motivo de preocupação com a saúde de consumidores e de operários que necessitam trabalhar nessas instalações. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar resíduos dos inseticidas acefato, de seu metabólito metamidofós e do fungicida clorotalonil em um sistema de cultura de tomate de estufa, em comparação com cultura de campo, de modo a abranger: estudo do metabolismo de acefato a metamidofós; alteração da contaminação dos resíduos de acefato, metamidofós e de clorotalonil em alguns compartimentos do sistema protegido (fruto, folha e solo); e comparação entre os níveis residuais encontrados nos frutos de cultura de estufa com os limites máximos de resíduos (LMRs) e os intervalos de segurança estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Foram conduzidos um experimento de estufa (Piracicaba-SP) e outro de campo (Pereiras-SP), no período de maio-agosto/2002 (outono-inverno), em tudo, muito semelhantes um ao outro. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: a: testemunha; b: uma aplicação de 100 g de Orthene 750 BR (75 g i.a. acefato) + 400 mL de Dacostar 500 (200 g i.a. clorotalonil).100 L -1 de água; c: uma aplicação com o dobro das dosagens dos pesticidas do tratamento b; d: quatro aplicações na dosagem do tratamento b. As amostras foram tomadas nos dias -1, zero, 1, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a última ou única aplicação. O método analítico constou da extração dos resíduos com acetato de etila, limpeza dos extratos por técnica de cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC), com eluição procedida com uma mistura acetato de etila/ciclohexano. A determinação quantitativa foi feita por técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa, usando-se detector fotométrico de chama (PFPD) para os resíduos de acefato e de metamidofós e detector de captura de elétrons (µ-ECD, Ni 63 ) para os de clorotalonil. Os limites de quantificação do método (LOQs) para os três pesticidas, em fruto e solo foi de 0,05 mg.kg -1 (ppm); em folhas foi de 0,5 mg.kg -1 (ppm). Foram realizadas 1.512 análises dos três analitos, sendo 252 amostras de cada um dos experimentos. Os resultados indicaram que os resíduos de acefato, metamidofós e de clorotalonil, nos frutos de estufa e de campo, sempre estiveram abaixo dos respectivos LMRs em todo o período de colheita das amostras, inclusive no intervalo de segurança. Mostraram também, que o metabolismo de acefato a metamidofós foi muito baixo nos frutos, particularmente importante nas folhas, mas não bem caracterizado no solo. Ainda, foi observado que os resíduos de acefato e de clorotalonil foram invariavelmente maiores na estufa do que no campo, especialmente em folhas e no solo, sendo, também, estáveis e persistentes, em geral até a amostragem de 7 dias. Particularmente os resíduos de clorotalonil foram os mais persistentes, sendo encontrados nas amostras de 28 dias em níveis significantes, especialmente no solo. / The development of agriculture, the modernization of means of agricultural production, the attempt to supply a demanding market for high quality produce has largely increased the crops carried out in greenhouse environment. Such crops demand the use of pesticides for the control the pest problems, which residues, mainly in fruit and vegetables, are reasons for worries about the health of consumers and workers that need to work in these installations. The objective of this study was to determine residues of the insecticide acephate, of its metabolite methamidophos and the fungicide chlorotalonil in a system of greenhouse tomato crop, in comparison to field crop, as to embrace: study of the metabolism of acephate to methamidophos; alteration of the contamination of residues of acephate, methamidophos and chlorotalonil in some compartments of the protected system (fruit, leaf and soil); and comparison between the residual levels found in the fruit of greenhouse crop with the maximum residue levels (MRL’s) and the safety intervals stablished by the Brazilian legislation. It was carried out a greenhouse experiment (Piracicaba-SP) and another in field conditions (Pereiras-SP), in the period of May-August/2002 (Autumn-Winter), on a whole very similar to each other. The treatments applied were: a: check; b: an application of 100 g of Orthene 750 BR (75 g a.i. acephate) + 400 mL of Dacostar 500 (200 g a.i. chlorotalonil).100 L -1 of water; c: an application with the double dosage of the pesticides applied as treatment b; d: four applications with the dosage of the pesticides applied as treatment b. The samples were taken on the days -1, zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the last or only application. The analytical method included the residue extraction with ethyl acetate, clean-up of the extracts by gel permeation chromatography technique (GPC), with elution proceeded with a mixture of ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. The quantitative determination was done by gas chromatography technique, using flame photometric detector (PFPD) for the residues of acephate and of methamidophos, and electron capture detector (m-ECD, Ni 63 ) for the chlorotalonil. The limits of quantitation (LOQ’s) for the three pesticides, in fruit and soil was 0.05 mg.kg -1 (ppm); and in leaves 0.5 mg.kg -1 (ppm). There were performed 1512 analyses of the three analytis, being 252 samples from each one of the experiments. The results indicated that the residues of acephate, methamidophos and chlorotalonil, in greenhouse and field fruits, have always been below of their respective MRL's in the whole sample collecting period, including the safety intervals. It has shown as well, that the metabolism of acephate to metamidophos was much below in fruit, specially important in leaves, but not well characterized in the soil. It was still observed that the residues of acephate and chlorotalonil were invariable bigger in the greenhouse than in the field, specially in leaves as well as in soil, being also stable and persistent, in general, specially up to 7 day samples. Particularly, the residues of chlorotalonil were the most persistent, being found in the samples of 28 days in significant levels, specially in the soil.
15

Research on novel sample preparation and analytical methods for trace determination of the pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine

Wei, Jin Chao January 2018 (has links)
University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
16

Development of Thermal Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and its Applications in Food Safety

Liu, Te-Lin 28 July 2012 (has links)
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry, which has witnessed a flurry of recent developments, is a set of useful techniques for the analysis of samples under open-air conditions. It allows direct, rapid, real-time, high-throughput analysis with little or no sample pretreatment for the chemicals in solids or liquids. In this study, thermal desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( TD-ESI/MS ) involving direct insertion probe ( DIP ), thermal desorption ( TD ) and electrospray ionization ( ESI ) was used for the rapid screening of various types of samples. The source mainly consists of the sampling probe device, thermal desorption heating device, electrospray ionization device, ion source and temperature controller. A novel strategy involved in TD-ESI/MS processes where sampling, desorption, and ionization are separated as three independent events. The sampling probe is first used for the sampling of analytes and then inserted into a heat unit for thermal desorption. The desorbed analytes are finally carried into a reaction region with a stream of nitrogen gas, where charged methanol droplets were generated continuously by electrospray for post-ionization. Total analysis time is less than 10 seconds. Traditionally, three standard methods are used for the analysis for pesticide residues, biochemical, immunoassay and instrument. And, the instrument analysis is the most widely used because it provides lots of advantages in particularly accurate quantitative approach. However, its complicated steps take a long period of time for preparation. Here, we used TD-ESI/MS to rapidly screen the pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables. The MS/MS analysis was also performed to confirm those detected compounds. The experimental results of the standard deviation for reproducibility is 13.2% (n = 10), and the detection limit is approximately 10 ppb. Furthermore, several fruits and vegetables purchased from local market were used as test samples and pesticide residues on the surface of samples can be successfully detected via TD-ESI/MS. In addition, the TD-ESI/MS technique was also applied to the analysis of illegal additives or phthalates in food. In this study, the TD-ESI/MS technique emerges lots of advantages such as direct, rapid, real-time analysis of sample surface and sample pretreatment is not necessary, and shows highly potential for rapid screening of chemicals in food safety.
17

Skirtingų veislių žieminių kviečių (Triticum aestivum L.) laikomų grūdų kokybės rodiklių palyginimas / The comparison of different varieties winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) storage grain quality indexes

Aperavičiūtė, Vaida 13 June 2014 (has links)
Tyrimo objektas žieminių kviečių veislių 'Julius', 'Leifer', 'Operetka' ir 'Skagen' technologinių savybių kitimas laikymo metu. Tyrimo tikslas ištirti skirtingų veislių žieminių kviečių technologinių savybių kitimo dėsningumus priklausomai nuo laikymo trukmės. Uždaviniai 1. Ištirti skirtingų veislių žieminių kviečių grūdų kokybę tik nuėmus derlių. 2. Įvertinti laikomų grūdų kokybę. 3. Apibendrinti grūdų technologinių savybių kitimo dėsningumus. Tyrimo metodai 2012–2013 m. Pakruojo rajone buvo auginti kviečiai. Žieminių kviečių derlius nuimtas 2013 m. rugpjūčio 20 d. Atlikti kviečių kokybės rodiklių tyrimai. Standartiniais metodais ištirta: grūdų drėgnis, baltymų, šlapiojo glitimo, krakmolo kiekis, sedimentacijos rodiklis, kritimo skaičius, piltinis tankis, pesticidų likučiai. Vėliau kviečių mėginiai laikomi Diliauskų elevatoriuje, sandėlyje dėžutėse po 4 kg, trimis pakartojimais. Kas mėnesį atliekami kviečių rodiklių kokybės tyrimai. Tyrimo rezultatai. Žieminių kviečių auginimo agrotechnikoje naudojant pesticidus pagal rekomendacijas ir prisilaikant leidžiamų normų, pesticidų likučiai grūduose nesikaupia. Laikant sausus grūdus sandėlyje jų drėgmė padidėja, baltymų kiekis ir saiko svoris nesikeičia. Glitimo kiekis laikomuose žieminiuose kviečiuose padidėjo nežymiai. Krakmolo kiekis laikomuose žieminiuose kviečiuose didėjo vidutiniškai 1,3 %. Laikymo laikotarpiu sedimentacijos vertės žieminiuose kviečiuose mažėjo, vidutiniškai 6,45 ml. Kritimo skaičius turėjo tendensiją... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object winter wheat varieties 'Julius', 'Leifer', 'Operetka' and 'Skagen' technological characteristics change during storage. Research aim explore the different varieties of winter wheat technological properties change dependent on the storage time. Objectives 1. First investigate the different varieties of winter wheat grain quality after the harvest. 2. Evaluate the quality of stored grain. 3. Summarize the technological properties of grain variation patterns. Research methods 2012-2013 year Pakruojo area were grown winter wheat. Winter wheat harvested in 2013 August 20 d. Perform quality in wheat research. Analyzed by standard methods of grain moisture content, protein, wet gluten, starch content, sedimentation value, falling number, bulk density, pesticide residues. Winter wheat samples kept in Diliauskų elevators, stock boxes of 4 kg, with three replications. Monthly indicators made of wheat quality tests. Research results. Winter wheat agricultural equipment, the use of pesticides in accordance with guidelines and in compliance with the allowable limits of pesticide residues in grain accumulation. Keeping dry grain stock of humidity increases the protein content moderation and weight does not change. Gluten content stored in winter wheat increased slightly . The starch content is stored in winter wheat increased an average of 1, 3 % . The storage period of sedimentation values in winter wheat decreased an average of 6, 45 ml . Falling number was... [to full text]
18

The fate of organochlorine pesticides in processed dairy foods

Li, Chin-Fung, January 1969 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
19

O quadro de contaminação de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs) com resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil e as oportunidades emergentes

Cruz, Gielli Vieira January 2014 (has links)
A divulgação sobre a existência de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos vem tomando espaço no Brasil, incrementando a parcela de consumidores que procura alimentos mais seguros no mercado. Nesse contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar os segmentos de consumidores mais suscetíveis ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs) com resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil e avaliar como os gestores do setor varejista vêm explorando as oportunidades emergentes relacionadas à dinâmica dessa demanda. Inicialmente, um estudo quantitativo explorou dados de 18 FLVs e de seis categorias de rendimentos familiares, com o objetivo de verificar o consumo de alimentos potencialmente contaminados por resíduos de agrotóxicos, conforme as classes socioeconômicas brasileiras no ano de 2009. Isso se deu a partir de dados de consumo de produtos alimentícios fornecidos pelo IBGE e de resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos publicados pela Anvisa. Aos resultados preliminares, foram acrescentados dados das estratégias do mercado varejista na oferta de FLVs mais inócuos. Para essa etapa, foi utilizada uma metodologia de pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, na qual 10 especialistas no tema de pesquisa foram questionados sobre como esse setor explora o mercado de frutas e hortaliças seguras em relação a essa contaminação. Os resultados encontrados na primeira fase do trabalho indicaram que os brasileiros de classes econômicas mais elevadas estão mais expostos ao consumo de resíduos de agrotóxicos presentes em FLVs. Muitas dessas substâncias são potencialmente danosas à saúde, incluindo características carcinogênicas em seus efeitos crônicos. Na segunda etapa, os agentes consultados evidenciaram a predominância da oferta de FLVs orgânicos pelo varejo brasileiro como uma alternativa pertinente, com menor risco de contaminação com resíduos de agrotóxicos. Porém, a ênfase no baixo preço dos alimentos ofertados pode restringir a oferta de FLVs orgânicos. Além disso, houve pouca e nenhuma referência dos especialistas, respectivamente, à certificação de FLVs pelo sistema de produção integrada e ao sistema de agricultura de precisão como alternativas viáveis para a oferta de FLVs seguros em relação a resíduos de agrotóxicos. Esses resultados são contrastantes com o contexto fiscalizador que vem se desenvolvendo sobre o varejo por parte das autoridades, em vista de oferta de alimentos seguros, o que oportunizaria um ambiente favorável à expansão do varejo de FLVs seguros do ponto de vista dos contaminantes agroquímicos. / The disclosure of the existence of pesticide residues in food has gained space in Brazil, thus increasing the number of consumers who seek for safer food in the market. In such context, this research aimed at identifying the segments of consumers who are more likely to consume fruits and vegetables with pesticide residues in Brazil, and assessing the way that retail managers have explored the opportunities emerging from such demand. A quantitative study initially surveyed data about 18 fruits and vegetables and six categories of family income, aiming at verifying the consumption of food partially contaminated with pesticide residues, according to the Brazilian socioeconomic classification in 2009. This was based on both IBGE data about food consumption and Anvisa data about pesticide residues found in food. Data about retail strategies to offer more innocuous fruits and vegetables were then added to those preliminary results. At this stage, a qualitative methodology was adopted, and 10 experts were questioned about the ways that this sector has explored the market of safe fruits and vegetables considering such contamination. The results found in the first phase of this work pointed out that upper class Brazilians have been more exposed to the consumption of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. A number of such chemicals are potentially harmful to health, including carcinogenic characteristics among their chronic effects. At the second stage, the agents consulted evidenced the prevalence of the offer of organic fruits and vegetables by the Brazilian retail industry as a pertinent alternative, with lower risk of contamination with pesticide residues. However, the emphasis on the low price of food may limit the offer of organic fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, there was little and none reference by the experts concerning fruit and vegetable certification provided, respectively, by the integrated production system and the precision agriculture system as viable alternatives to offering safe fruits and vegetables in terms of pesticides residues. Such results are in contrast to the control that has been developed by authorities over retail to offer safe food, which would favor the expansion of safe fruit and vegetable retail regarding chemical contaminants.
20

O quadro de contaminação de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs) com resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil e as oportunidades emergentes

Cruz, Gielli Vieira January 2014 (has links)
A divulgação sobre a existência de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos vem tomando espaço no Brasil, incrementando a parcela de consumidores que procura alimentos mais seguros no mercado. Nesse contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar os segmentos de consumidores mais suscetíveis ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs) com resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil e avaliar como os gestores do setor varejista vêm explorando as oportunidades emergentes relacionadas à dinâmica dessa demanda. Inicialmente, um estudo quantitativo explorou dados de 18 FLVs e de seis categorias de rendimentos familiares, com o objetivo de verificar o consumo de alimentos potencialmente contaminados por resíduos de agrotóxicos, conforme as classes socioeconômicas brasileiras no ano de 2009. Isso se deu a partir de dados de consumo de produtos alimentícios fornecidos pelo IBGE e de resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos publicados pela Anvisa. Aos resultados preliminares, foram acrescentados dados das estratégias do mercado varejista na oferta de FLVs mais inócuos. Para essa etapa, foi utilizada uma metodologia de pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, na qual 10 especialistas no tema de pesquisa foram questionados sobre como esse setor explora o mercado de frutas e hortaliças seguras em relação a essa contaminação. Os resultados encontrados na primeira fase do trabalho indicaram que os brasileiros de classes econômicas mais elevadas estão mais expostos ao consumo de resíduos de agrotóxicos presentes em FLVs. Muitas dessas substâncias são potencialmente danosas à saúde, incluindo características carcinogênicas em seus efeitos crônicos. Na segunda etapa, os agentes consultados evidenciaram a predominância da oferta de FLVs orgânicos pelo varejo brasileiro como uma alternativa pertinente, com menor risco de contaminação com resíduos de agrotóxicos. Porém, a ênfase no baixo preço dos alimentos ofertados pode restringir a oferta de FLVs orgânicos. Além disso, houve pouca e nenhuma referência dos especialistas, respectivamente, à certificação de FLVs pelo sistema de produção integrada e ao sistema de agricultura de precisão como alternativas viáveis para a oferta de FLVs seguros em relação a resíduos de agrotóxicos. Esses resultados são contrastantes com o contexto fiscalizador que vem se desenvolvendo sobre o varejo por parte das autoridades, em vista de oferta de alimentos seguros, o que oportunizaria um ambiente favorável à expansão do varejo de FLVs seguros do ponto de vista dos contaminantes agroquímicos. / The disclosure of the existence of pesticide residues in food has gained space in Brazil, thus increasing the number of consumers who seek for safer food in the market. In such context, this research aimed at identifying the segments of consumers who are more likely to consume fruits and vegetables with pesticide residues in Brazil, and assessing the way that retail managers have explored the opportunities emerging from such demand. A quantitative study initially surveyed data about 18 fruits and vegetables and six categories of family income, aiming at verifying the consumption of food partially contaminated with pesticide residues, according to the Brazilian socioeconomic classification in 2009. This was based on both IBGE data about food consumption and Anvisa data about pesticide residues found in food. Data about retail strategies to offer more innocuous fruits and vegetables were then added to those preliminary results. At this stage, a qualitative methodology was adopted, and 10 experts were questioned about the ways that this sector has explored the market of safe fruits and vegetables considering such contamination. The results found in the first phase of this work pointed out that upper class Brazilians have been more exposed to the consumption of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. A number of such chemicals are potentially harmful to health, including carcinogenic characteristics among their chronic effects. At the second stage, the agents consulted evidenced the prevalence of the offer of organic fruits and vegetables by the Brazilian retail industry as a pertinent alternative, with lower risk of contamination with pesticide residues. However, the emphasis on the low price of food may limit the offer of organic fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, there was little and none reference by the experts concerning fruit and vegetable certification provided, respectively, by the integrated production system and the precision agriculture system as viable alternatives to offering safe fruits and vegetables in terms of pesticides residues. Such results are in contrast to the control that has been developed by authorities over retail to offer safe food, which would favor the expansion of safe fruit and vegetable retail regarding chemical contaminants.

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