Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeOQ_TESE.pdf: 3544001 bytes, checksum: a41be36b03f0fc409d26c8565085c60f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well?s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor?s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150?C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype. / No m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo por Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso (BCS) a energia el?trica ? transmitida para o fundo do po?o atrav?s de um cabo, onde ? transformada em energia mec?nica por um motor de sub-superf?cie, o qual est? conectado a uma bomba centr?fuga, que transmite a energia para o fluido sob a forma de press?o, elevando-o para a superf?cie. Neste m?todo, os equipamentos de sub-superf?cie subdividem-se basicamente em: bomba, selo e motor. A principal fun??o do selo ? a prote??o do motor, evitando a contamina??o do ?leo do motor pelo ?leo de produ??o e a conseq?ente queima do mesmo. Com o tempo, o selo vai desgastando-se e come?a haver uma contamina??o do ?leo do motor, fazendo com que o mesmo perca a sua caracter?stica isolante. Este trabalho apresenta um projeto de um sensor magn?tico capaz de detectar a contamina??o do ?leo isolante utilizado no m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo do tipo (BCS). O objetivo deste sensor ? gerar um sinal de alarme apenas no momento em que a contamina??o do ?leo isolante estiver presente, possibilitando ? execu??o de uma manuten??o preditiva. O prot?tipo foi projetado para trabalhar em condi??es operacionais severas, podendo alcan?ar uma profundidade de 2000m e temperaturas at? 150?C. Foi utilizado um software simulador para definir as vari?veis mec?nicas e eletromagn?ticas. Experimentos de campo foram realizados para validar o prot?tipo. Os resultados finais realizados em um sistema BCS com um motor de 62HP mostrou uma boa confiabilidade e resposta r?pida do prot?tipo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcilioPR_TESE.pdf: 2753388 bytes, checksum: 58b3cf541e2ed39d0ec5675d37151b31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Petroleum evaluation is analyze it using different methodologies, following international standards to know their chemical and physicochemical properties, contaminant levels, composition and especially their ability to generate derivatives. Many of these analyzes consuming a lot of time, large amount of samples , supplies and need an organized transportation logistics, schedule and professionals involved. Looking for alternatives that optimize the evaluation and enable the use of new technologies, seven samples of different centrifuged Brazilian oils previously characterized by Petrobras were analyzed by thermogravimetry in 25-900? C range using heating rates of 05, 10 and 20?C per minute. With experimental data obtained, characterizations correlations were performed and provided: generation of true boiling point curves (TBP) simulated; comparing fractions generated with appropriate cut standard in temperature ranges; an approach to obtain Watson characterization factor; and compare micro carbon residue formed. The results showed a good chance of reproducing simulated TBP curve from thermogravimetry taking into account the composition, density and other oil properties. Proposed correlations for experimental characterization factor and carbon residue followed Petrobras characterizations, showing that thermogravimetry can be used as a tool on oil evaluation, because your quick analysis, accuracy, and requires a minimum number of samples and consumables / A avalia??o de petr?leo consiste em analis?-lo por diferentes metodologias, seguindo normas internacionais para conhecer suas propriedades qu?micas, f?sico-qu?micas, teor de contaminantes, composi??o e principalmente sua capacidade em gerar derivados. Muitas dessas an?lises s?o demoradas, consomem uma grande quantidade de amostras, insumos e precisam de uma organizada log?stica de transporte, cronograma de realiza??o e profissionais envolvidos. Para buscar alternativas que otimizem essa avalia??o e permitam a utiliza??o de novas tecnologias, sete amostras de diferentes petr?leos brasileiros centrifugados e caracterizados previamente pela Petrobr?s foram analisadas por termogravim?trica numa faixa de temperatura de 25 a 900?C utilizando raz?es de aquecimento de 05, 10 e 20?C por minuto. Com os dados obtidos experimentalmente, foram realizadas correla??es com as caracteriza??es disponibilizadas que permitiram: a gera??o de curvas de pontos de ebuli??o verdadeiros (Curva PEV) simulada; a compara??o entre as fra??es geradas com as devidas faixas de temperaturas de corte padr?o; uma aproxima??o para obter o fator de caracteriza??o de Watson; e comparar os res?duos de carbono micro. Os resultados mostraram uma boa possibilidade de reproduzir uma curva PEV simulada a partir da termogravimetria levando em considera??o a composi??o, densidade e outras propriedades do petr?leo; as correla??es propostas experimentalmente para o fator de caracteriza??o e res?duo de carbono acompanharam as caracteriza??es informadas pela Petrobr?s, mostrando que a termogravimetria pode ser utilizada como ferramenta na avalia??o de petr?leos, apresentando rapidez na an?lise, precis?o, al?m de necessitar de uma quantidade m?nima de amostras e insumos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayseMOS_TESE.pdf: 4185831 bytes, checksum: 7ffe8ba649c7a5670d11523f5cc43976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Organizations are seeking new ideas, tools and methods aiming to improve management process and performance. On the other hand, system performance measurement needs to portray organizational changes and provide managers with a set of true and more appropriate information for the decision-making process. This work aims to propose a performance measurement system in the academic field regarding Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) in the oil and gas industry. The research performed a bibliographic review in a descriptive exploratory manner. A field research was conducted with an expert focus group in order to gather new indicators. As for the validation of these indicators, a survey with experienced professional was also realized. The research surveyed four segments in and outside of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil such as oil and gas project coordinators, staff at Academic Planning Offices, FUNPEC employees as well as coordinators from Petrobr?s. The performance measuring system created from this study features three interrelated performance indicators pointed out as: process indicators, outcome indicators and global indicators. The proposal includes performance indicators that seek to establish more appropriate strategies for effective institution management. It might help policy making of university-industry interaction policies / Cada vez mais as organiza??es est?o ? procura de novas id?ias, novas ferramentas e novos m?todos que as ap?iem no aprimoramento do seu processo de gest?o e assim, melhorar seu desempenho. Por conseguinte, os sistemas de medi??o de desempenho precisam retratar as mudan?as nas organiza??es proporcionando aos seus gestores um conjunto de informa??es verdadeiras e mais adequadas ? tomada de decis?o. O objetivo deste trabalho ? propor um sistema de medi??o de desempenho para os projetos de PD&I no setor de petr?leo e g?s natural para universidades. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se dos seguintes procedimentos: uma revis?o bibliogr?fica com um car?ter explorat?rio-descritivo, acompanhada da pesquisa de campo, a realiza??o de focus group com especialistas para o levantamento de novos indicadores e um survey com profissionais experientes envolvidos na execu??o de projetos dessa natureza, com a finalidade de valida??o dos indicadores. Foram pesquisados quatro segmentos por meio de coordenadores de projetos de petr?leo e g?s natural da UFRN, funcion?rios da Pr?-Reitoria de Planejamento, funcion?rios da FUNPEC e coordenadores da Petrobras. O sistema de medi??o de desempenho gerado a partir deste estudo apresenta em sua estrutura tr?s grupos de indicadores de desempenho inter-relacionados: indicadores de processo, indicadores de resultado e indicadores globais. A proposta inclui indicadores de desempenho que procuram estabelecer uma estrat?gia mais adequada para uma gest?o eficaz das institui??es e pode contribuir para auxiliar as pol?ticas de intera??o universidade-empresa

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaACF_TESE.pdf: 6242500 bytes, checksum: 7a857ce8be46bd85b252fca3bf3fa45c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The increasing use of fossil fuels in line with cities demographic explosion carries out to huge environmental impact in society. For mitigate these social impacts, regulatory requirements have positively influenced the environmental consciousness of society, as well as, the strategic behavior of businesses. Along with this environmental awareness, the regulatory organs have conquered and formulated new laws to control potentially polluting activities, mostly in the gas stations sector. Seeking for increasing market competitiveness, this sector needs to quickly respond to internal and external pressures, adapting to the new standards required in a strategic way to get the Green Badge . Gas stations have incorporated new strategies to attract and retain new customers whom present increasingly social demand. In the social dimension, these projects help the local economy by generating jobs and income distribution. In this survey, the present research aims to align the social, economic and environmental dimensions to set the sustainable performance indicators at Gas Stations sector in the city of Natal/RN. The Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) framework was create with a set of indicators for mapping the production process of gas stations. This mapping aimed at identifying operational inefficiencies through multidimensional indicators. To carry out this research, was developed a system for evaluating the sustainability performance with application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through a quantitative method approach to detect system s efficiency level. In order to understand the systemic complexity, sub organizational processes were analyzed by the technique Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) figuring their micro activities to identify and diagnose the real causes of overall inefficiency. The sample size comprised 33 Gas stations and the conceptual model included 15 indicators distributed in the three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. These three dimensions were measured by means of classical models DEA-CCR input oriented. To unify performance score of individual dimensions, was designed a unique grouping index based upon two means: arithmetic and weighted. After this, another analysis was performed to measure the four perspectives of SBSC: learning and growth, internal processes, customers, and financial, unifying, by averaging the performance scores. NDEA results showed that no company was assessed with excellence in sustainability performance. Some NDEA higher efficiency Gas Stations proved to be inefficient under certain perspectives of SBSC. In the sequence, a comparative sustainable performance and assessment analyzes among the gas station was done, enabling entrepreneurs evaluate their performance in the market competitors. Diagnoses were also obtained to support the decision making of entrepreneurs in improving the management of organizational resources and promote guidelines the regulators. Finally, the average index of sustainable performance was 69.42%, representing the efforts of the environmental suitability of the Gas station. This results point out a significant awareness of this segment, but it still needs further action to enhance sustainability in the long term / A crescente utiliza??o de combust?veis f?sseis alinhada ? explos?o demogr?fica em centros urbanos tem ocasionado grandes problemas de impacto ambiental na sociedade. Para mitigar esses impactos, as exig?ncias dos ?rg?os reguladores t?m influenciado positivamente na consci?ncia ambiental da sociedade, bem como no comportamento estrat?gico das empresas. Com essa consci?ncia ambiental, os ?rg?os t?m conquistado maiores respaldos e formulado novas legisla??es no controle de atividades potencialmente poluidoras, sobretudo no setor dos postos revendedores de combust?veis. Em busca de aumentar a competitividade no mercado, esse segmento precisa responder rapidamente ?s press?es (externas e internas), adequando-se aos novos padr?es exigidos de maneira estrat?gica na obten??o do selo verde. Os postos t?m incorporado novas estrat?gias para atrair e fidelizar clientes cada vez mais exigentes. No ?mbito social, esses empreendimentos auxiliam a economia local com a gera??o de empregos e distribui??o de renda. Mediante esse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo alinhar as dimens?es social, econ?mica e ambiental caracterizando a mensura??o do desempenho sustent?vel nos postos de revenda de combust?vel na cidade do Natal/RN. As perspectivas do Balanced Scorecard Sustent?vel (SBSC) foram fundamentadas por meio de um conjunto de indicadores para mapear o processo produtivo dos postos. Esse mapeamento visou identificar a inefici?ncia operacional por meio de indicadores multidimensionais. Na condu??o desta pesquisa, elaborou-se um sistema de avalia??o do desempenho sustent?vel com aplica??o do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), uma abordagem quantitativa para detectar o n?vel de efici?ncia do sistema. Com o intuito de compreender a complexidade sist?mica, os sub processos organizacionais foram analisados por meio da t?cnica Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) com o desmembramento das suas micro atividades para identificar e diagnosticar as reais causas de inefici?ncia. O tamanho amostral foi composto por 33 postos de revenda de combust?vel e o modelo conceitual contemplou 15 indicadores distribu?dos nas tr?s dimens?es da sustentabilidade: social, ambiental e econ?mica. Essas tr?s dimens?es foram mensuradas por meio de modelos cl?ssicos DEA-CCR com orienta??o input. Visando unificar o escore de desempenho individual das dimens?es, foi elaborado um ?nico ?ndice considerado parcialmente agrupado por meio de duas m?dias: aritm?tica e ponderada. Posteriormente, outra an?lise foi realizada para mensurar as quatro perspectivas do SBSC: aprendizado e crescimento; processos internos; clientes; e, financeira, unificando, por meio da m?dia os escores de desempenho. Os resultados do modelo NDEA apontaram que nenhuma empresa foi avaliada com excel?ncia no desempenho sustent?vel. Os postos com maiores ?ndices de efici?ncia mostraram-se ineficientes em determinadas perspectivas do SBSC. Na sequ?ncia, as an?lises apresentaram uma avalia??o do desempenho sustent?vel e das perspectivas de maneira comparativa entre os postos, possibilitando aos empres?rios avaliarem seu desempenho entre os concorrentes. Foram tamb?m obtidos diagn?sticos para subsidiar a tomada de decis?o dos empres?rios na melhoria do gerenciamento dos recursos organizacionais e promover diretrizes balizadoras nos ?rg?os regulamentadores. O escore m?dio do desempenho sustent?vel foi 69,42% representando os esfor?os empreendidos na adequa??o ambiental dos postos. Isso sinaliza uma consider?vel consci?ncia desse segmento, por?m ainda necessita de novas a??es para incrementar a sustentabilidade no longo prazo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaAA_TESE.pdf: 2312979 bytes, checksum: 31c1a19cbf37d537febd576ec54e5eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Discrepancies between classical model predictions and experimental data for deep bed filtration have been reported by various authors. In order to understand these discrepancies, an analytic continuum model for deep bed filtration is proposed. In this model, a filter coefficient is attributed to each distinct retention mechanism (straining, diffusion, gravity interception, etc.). It was shown that these coefficients generally cannot be merged into an effective filter coefficient, as considered in the classical model. Furthermore, the derived analytic solutions for the proposed model were applied for fitting experimental data, and a very good agreement between experimental data and proposed model predictions were obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with empirical correlations allowed identifying the dominant retention mechanisms. In addition, it was shown that the larger the ratio of particle to pore sizes, the more intensive the straining mechanism and the larger the discrepancies between experimental data and classical model predictions. The classical model and proposed model were compared via statistical analysis. The obtained p values allow concluding that the proposed model should be preferred especially when straining plays an important role. In addition, deep bed filtration with finite retention capacity was studied. This work also involves the study of filtration of particles through porous media with a finite capacity of filtration. It was observed, in this case, that is necessary to consider changes in the boundary conditions through time evolution. It was obtained a solution for such a model using different functions of filtration coefficients. Besides that, it was shown how to build a solution for any filtration coefficient. It was seen that, even considering the same filtration coefficient, the classic model and the one here propposed, show different predictions for the concentration of particles retained in the porous media and for the suspended particles at the exit of the media / Discrep?ncias encontradas entre dados experimentais e previs?es feitas a partir do modelo cl?ssico foram relatadas por v?rios autores. Para entender essas discrep?ncias, um modelo anal?tico cont?nuo para a filtra??o profunda ? proposto. Neste modelo, cada mecanismo de reten??o est? associado a um coeficiente de filtra??o diferente. Foi mostrado que os coeficientes de filtra??o n?o podem ser somados e considerados em um ?nico coeficiente de filtra??o global como se apenas um mecanismo de reten??o atuasse no sistema, o que ? feito no modelo cl?ssico. Al?m disso, foram obtidas solu??es expl?citas para o sistema de equa??es que representam o modelo proposto. Tais solu??es foram usadas para ajustar os dados experimentais, e um bom ajuste foi obtido. Comparando os resultados obtidos com rela??es emp?ricas dispon?veis na literatura foi poss?vel identificar o mecanismo de reten??o mais atuante na filtra??o. Foi mostrado ainda, que quanto maior o tamanho das part?culas injetadas, mais atuante ? o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho e maiores as discrep?ncias entre o modelo proposto e o modelo cl?ssico. Os modelos cl?ssico e proposto foram comparados atrav?s de uma an?lise estat?stica. Tal an?lise mostrou que os ajustes feitos com o modelo proposto s?o significativamente melhores que os ajustes feitos com o modelo cl?ssico, principalmente quando o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho ? o mais atuante na filtra??o. Neste trabalho foi, tamb?m, estudado a filtra??o de part?culas em meio poroso com capacidade finita de filtra??o. Observou-se, neste caso, que ? necess?rio considerar mudan?as nas condi??es de fronteira com a evolu??o do tempo. Foi obtida a solu??o para tal modelo para diferentes fun??es de coeficiente de filtra??o. Al?m disso, foi mostrado como construir a solu??o para um coeficiente de filtra??o qualquer. Observou-se que, ainda que se considere o mesmo coeficiente de filtra??o, o modelo cl?ssico e o modelo proposto apresentam previs?es distintas para as concentra??es de part?culas retidas no meio e de part?culas em suspens?o na sa?da do meio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JonatasALJ_TESE.pdf: 9049452 bytes, checksum: dd9b668c8bc7791108be8a6bbc44e152 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / A self-flotator vibrational prototype electromechanical drive for treatment of oil and water emulsion or like emulsion is presented and evaluated. Oil production and refining to obtain derivatives is carried out under arrangements technically referred to as on-shore and off-shore, ie, on the continent and in the sea. In Brazil 80 % of the petroleum production is taken at sea and area of deployment and it cost scale are worrisome. It is associated, oily water production on a large scale, carrier 95% of the potential pollutant of activity whose final destination is the environment medium, terrestrial or maritime. Although diversified set of techniques and water treatment systems are in use or research, we propose an innovative system that operates in a sustainable way without chemical additives, for the good of the ecosystem. Labyrinth adsor-bent is used in metal spirals, and laboratory scale flow. Equipment and process patents are claimed. Treatments were performed at different flow rates and bands often monitored with control systems, some built, other bought for this purpose. Measurements of the levels of oil and grease (OGC) of efluents treaty remained within the range of legal framework under test conditions. Adsorbents were weighed before and after treatment for obtaining oil impregna-tion, the performance goal of vibratory action and treatment as a whole. Treatment technolo-gies in course are referenced, to compare performance, qualitatively and quantitatively. The vibration energy consumption is faced with and without conventional flotation and self-flotation. There are good prospects for the proposed, especially in reducing the residence time, by capillary action system. The impregnation dimensionless parameter was created and confronted with consecrated dimensionless parameters, on the vibrational version, such as Weber number and Froude number in quadratic form, referred to as vibrational criticality. Re-sults suggest limits to the vibration intensity / Um prot?tipo vibr?til autoflotador de acionamento eletromec?nico para tratamento de ?gua de produ??o de petr?leo e emuls?o cong?nere ? apresentado e avaliado. A produ??o de petr?leo para refinamento e obten??o de derivados ? realizada sob modalidades tecnicamente referidas como on-shore e off-shore, isto ?, no continente e no mar. No Brasil 80% da produ??o petrol?-fera ? feita no mar e ?rea de implanta??o e escala de custo s?o preocupantes. Associa-se ?gua oleosa de produ??o, efluente abundante em larga escala, carreadora de 95% do potencial polu-idor da atividade cujo destino final ? o meio ambiente mar?timo ou terrestre. Embora diversi-ficado conjunto de t?cnicas e sistemas de tratamento d ?gua encontram-se em uso ou pesqui-sa, prop?e-se um sistema inovador que opera de forma sustent?vel sem aditivos qu?micos, pa-ra o bem do ecossistema. Utilizou-se labirinto adsorvente, em espirais met?licos, e escala la-boratorial de fluxo. Patentes de equipamento e processo s?o reivindicadas. Realizaram-se tra-tamentos em vaz?es e faixas de frequ?ncia distintas, monitoradas com sistemas de controle, uns constru?dos, outros aquistados para tal. Medi??es do teor de ?leo e graxa (TOG) do eflu-ente tratado mantiveram-se dentro do intervalo de enquadramento legal nas condi??es de en-saio. Pesaram-se os adsorventes antes e ap?s o tratamento para obten??o da impregna??o de ?leo, meta de desempenho da a??o vibrat?ria e tratamento como um todo. Tecnologias atuais de tratamento s?o referenciadas para compara??o de desempenho, qualitativa e quantitativa-mente. Confrontou-se consumo energ?tico operando-se em vibra??o, com e sem flota??o con-vencional, e com autoflota??o. Vislumbram-se boas perspectivas de rendimento do sistema proposto, sobretudo, na redu??o do tempo de resid?ncia por a??o de capilaridade. Criou-se o par?metro adimensional de impregna??o e se lhe confrontou com consagrados par?metros a-dimensionais, na vers?o vibracional, como n?mero de Weber e n?mero de Froud quadr?tico, referido como criticalidade vibr?til. Resultados sugerem limites ? intensidade vibrat?ria

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T19:14:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T19:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / O ?xito atingido pelos m?todos t?rmicos de recupera??o, em ?leos pesados, motivou o surgimento de estudos relacionados com a utiliza??o de ondas eletromagn?ticas como fontes geradoras de calor em reservat?rios de petr?leo. Desta maneira, essa gera??o ? obtida atrav?s de tr?s tipos de processos distintos de acordo com o intervalo de frequ?ncias utilizado. S?o eles: o aquecimento eletromagn?tico indutivo, o resistivo e o diel?trico, tamb?m conhecido como por radia??o. O presente estudo foi baseado em simula??es computacionais em reservat?rios de petr?leo com caracter?sticas similares aos encontrados nas bacias sedimentares do Nordeste brasileiro. Todos os casos estudados foram simulados usando o programa STARS, da CMG (Computer Group, Modelagem vers?o 2012.10). Algumas simula??es levaram em considera??o a inser??o de part?culas eletricamente sens?veis em determinados setores do modelo de reservat?rio estudado atrav?s de fraturas. A proposta deste trabalho ? a utiliza??o do aquecimento eletromagn?tico por indu??o como m?todo de recupera??o de ?leos pesados, para verificar a influ?ncia dessas part?culas acima citadas no modelo de reservat?rio utilizado. Foram feitas an?lises comparativas envolvendo o aquecimento eletromagn?tico indutivo, a opera??o do fraturamento hidr?ulico e a inje??o de ?gua em diferentes situa??es do modelo de reservat?rio estudado. Foi constatado que fraturando o po?o injetor com o intuito de que o aquecimento eletromagn?tico ocorra no mesmo po?o em que h? a inje??o de ?gua, houve um acr?scimo consider?vel do fator de recupera??o e produ??o acumulada de ?leo em rela??o aos modelos em que o fraturamento hidr?ulico ocorria no po?o produtor e a inje??o de ?gua no po?o injetor. Este fato se deve ? gera??o de vapor in situ no reservat?rio. / The success achieved by thermal methods of recovery, in heavy oils, prompted the emergence of studies on the use of electromagnetic waves as heat generating sources in oil reservoirs. Thus, this generation is achieved by three types of different processes according to the frequency range used. They are: the electromagnetic induction heating, the resistive and the dielectric, also known as radiation. This study was based on computer simulations in oil reservoirs with characteristics similar to those found in the sedimentary basins of the Brazilian Northeast. All cases studied were simulated using the software STARS, CMG (Computer Group, version 2012.10 Modeling). Some simulations took into account the inclusion of electrically sensitive particles in certain sectors of the reservoir model studied by fracturing. The purpose of this work is the use of the electromagnetic induction heating as a recovery method of heavy oil, to check the influence of these aforementioned particles on the reservoir model used. Comparative analyses were made involving electromagnetic induction heating, the operation of hydraulic fracturing and the injection of water to the different situations of the reservoir model studied. It was found that fracturing the injection well in order that the electromagnetic heating occurs in the same well where there is water injection, there was a considerable increase in the recovery factor and in the cumulative oil production in relation to the models in which hydraulic fracturing occurred in the production well and water injection in the injection well. This is due to the generation of steam in situ in the reservoir.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:01:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T20:53:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T20:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / Nos ?ltimos dezesseis anos surgiu no Brasil um segmento de produtores independentes com foco de atua??o nas bacias terrestres e de ?guas rasas. Entre os desafios destas empresas se encontra o desenvolvimento de campos com projetos com um valor presente l?quido (VPL) baixo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a melhor op??o t?cnico-econ?mica de desenvolvimento de um campo de petr?leo no Nordeste Brasileiro aplicando a simula??o de reservat?rios. A partir de dados reais de geologia, reservat?rios e produ??o foi realizado o modelo geol?gico e de simula??o. Devido a n?o ter an?lise PVT, foram utilizados os dados do ensaio de destila??o denominado Pontos de Ebuli??o Verdadeiros (PEV) para criar um modelo de fluidos gerando as curvas PVT. Ap?s realizado o ajuste manual do hist?rico, foram simulados quatro cen?rios de desenvolvimento: a extrapola??o de produ??o sem novos investimentos, a convers?o de um po?o produtor para inje??o de g?s imisc?vel, a perfura??o de um po?o vertical e a perfura??o de um po?o horizontal. Como resultados, do ponto de vista financeiro, a inje??o de g?s foi a alternativa com menor valor agregado, podendo ser vi?vel caso haja restri??es ambientais ou regulat?rias de queima ou de ventila??o ao meio ambiente do g?s produzido do campo ou de campos vizinhos. O fator de recupera??o atingido com a perfura??o dos po?os vertical e horizontal ? similar, mas a perfura??o do po?o horizontal ? um projeto de acelera??o de produ??o, portanto a produ??o acumulada incremental atualizada com uma taxa m?nima de atratividade da empresa ? maior. A depender do pre?o do barril de petr?leo Brent e do custo de perfura??o esta op??o pode ser t?cnica e financeiramente vi?vel. / In the last 16 years emerged in Brazil a segment of independent producers with focus on onshore basins and shallow waters. Among the challenges of these companies is the development of fields with projects with a low net present value (NPV). The objective of this work was to study the technical-economical best option to develop an oil field in the Brazilian Northeast using reservoir simulation. Real geology, reservoir and production data was used to build the geological and simulation model. Due to not having PVT analysis, distillation method test data known as the true boiling points (TBP) were used to create a fluids model generating the PVT data. After execution of the history match, four development scenarios were simulated: the extrapolation of production without new investments, the conversion of a producing well for immiscible gas injection, the drilling of a vertical well and the drilling of a horizontal well. As a result, from the financial point of view, the gas injection is the alternative with lower added value, but it may be viable if there are environmental or regulatory restrictions to flaring or venting the produced gas into the atmosphere from this field or neighboring accumulations. The recovery factor achieved with the drilling of vertical and horizontal wells is similar, but the horizontal well is a project of production acceleration; therefore, the present incremental cumulative production with a minimum rate of company's attractiveness is higher. Depending on the crude oil Brent price and the drilling cost, this option can be technically and financially viable.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-17T19:32:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdenilsonOliveiraReges_TESE.pdf: 5841325 bytes, checksum: 2ead9ffcd013a5ed21850074ab97c30f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-18T00:04:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdenilsonOliveiraReges_TESE.pdf: 5841325 bytes, checksum: 2ead9ffcd013a5ed21850074ab97c30f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-18T00:04:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdenilsonOliveiraReges_TESE.pdf: 5841325 bytes, checksum: 2ead9ffcd013a5ed21850074ab97c30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / Esta Tese ? uma contribui??o ao desenvolvimento de sensores de vaz?o na ind?stria de petr?leo e g?s. O objetivo geral do trabalho ? apresentar uma metodologia para medir as vaz?es em po?os injetores de ?gua multizonas a partir de perfis de temperatura do fluido e estimar a incerteza da medi??o. Inicialmente, foi apresentada a equa??o cl?ssica de Ramey descrevendo a temperatura do fluido como uma fun??o da vaz?o ao longo do po?o. Ent?o, foram descritos tr?s m?todos de c?lculo das vaz?es a partir do perfil de temperatura e o sensor de vaz?o foi modelado computacionalmente. Em seguida, foram calculadas as vaz?es em quatro po?os injetores multizonas, localizados no Rio Grande do Norte, a partir de perfis de temperatura medidos experimentalmente. As vaz?es calculadas foram comparadas ?s vaz?es medidas no campo. Os resultados preliminares obtidos nos Po?os 1 e 2 foram satisfat?rios. Nestes po?os, os erros m?ximos observados foram de 28,55% (Po?o 1) e 15,72% (Po?o 2). Entretanto, desvios significativos entre as vaz?es calculadas e medidas foram encontrados nos Po?os 3 e 4. Nestes po?os, os erros m?ximos observados foram de 536,84% (Po?o 3) e 335,54% (Po?o 4). Utilizando a expans?o em S?rie de Taylor da equa??o exponencial de Ramey, foi obtida uma fun??o expl?cita, linear, entre a vaz?o ao longo do po?o e a temperatura do fluido, sendo realizada uma an?lise quantitativa da incerteza de medi??o. A partir desta an?lise, foi observado que, devido ? baixa resolu??o nas medi??es de temperatura, a incerteza de medi??o expandida pode atingir cerca de 155,04% da vaz?o calculada. Foi ent?o apresentado um m?todo de c?lculo estoc?stico das vaz?es a partir das distribui??es de probabilidade das temperaturas medidas, atrav?s da Simula??o de Monte Carlo. As novas vaz?es calculadas apresentaram erros m?ximos de 3,67% (Po?o 1), 14,45% (Po?o 2), 14,62% (Po?o 3) e 22,29% (Po?o 4). Logo, a abordagem probabil?stica permitiu que as vaz?es injetadas fossem satisfatoriamente estimadas mesmo nos casos em que a resolu??o do sensor de temperatura era inadequada ? detec??o de pequenas varia??es na temperatura do fluido. Portanto, a metodologia de c?lculo das vaz?es injetadas a partir do perfil de temperatura do fluido foi validada com sucesso. / This thesis is a contribution to the development of flow sensors in oil and gas industry. The main objective of this work is presenting a methodology to measure the flow rates into multiple-zone water-injection wells from fluid temperature profiles and estimate the measurement uncertainty. First, the classical Ramey equation describing the fluid temperature as a function of flow was presented. Then, three methods to calculate the flow rates from temperature profile were described and the flow sensor was computationally modeled. Next, the flow rates into four multiple-zone injection-wells, located in Rio Grande do Norte, were calculated from temperature profiles experimentally measured. The calculated flow rates were compared to the measured flow rates. The preliminary results, obtained from Wells 1 and 2, were satisfactory. In these wells, the maximum errors were equals to 28,55% (Well 1) and 15,72% (Well 2). However, significant deviations between the calculated and the measured flow rates were found at Wells 3 and 4. In these wells, the maximum errors were equals to 536,84% (Well 3) and 335,54% (Well 4). The Ramey equation was expanded in Taylor Series and linearized to obtain an explicit, linear, function between the flow and the fluid temperature. Then, a quantitative uncertainty analysis was performed. From this analysis, it was observed, due the temperature sensor resolution, the expanded measurement uncertainty may achieve about 155,04% of the calculated flow rate. Then, the injected flow rates were stochastically recalculated from the probability distributions of the measured temperatures, through a Monte Carlo simulation. The new calculated flow rates presented maximum errors of 3,67% (Well 1), 14,45% (Well 2), 14,62% (Well 3) and 22,29% (Well 4). This probabilistic approach allowed injected flow rates to be estimated even in the cases where the temperature sensor resolution was inadequate to detection of small variations into the fluid temperature. Therefore, the methodology to calculate the injected flow rates from the fluid temperature profile was successfully validated.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoAsforaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 3243516 bytes, checksum: fb2dc43eeb22b49aabf1764ae000b894 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T23:26:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoAsforaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 3243516 bytes, checksum: fb2dc43eeb22b49aabf1764ae000b894 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T23:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoAsforaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 3243516 bytes, checksum: fb2dc43eeb22b49aabf1764ae000b894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Quando o reservat?rio n?o possui energia suficiente para elevar os fluidos ? superf?cie ou quando a vaz?o de surg?ncia n?o ? economicamente vi?vel, faz-se necess?rio a instala??o de m?todos de eleva??o artificial. Nestes est?o inclusos aqueles denominados de bombeados, que se valem da instala??o de uma bomba de subsuperf?cie no fundo do po?o. Devido ao princ?pio de funcionamento destas bombas, elas apresentam redu??o de performance quando succionam g?s livre advindo do reservat?rio. Isso justifica a completa??o destes po?os sem a utiliza??o de packer e com separadores de g?s na suc??o das bombas, de forma a redirecionar parte do g?s livre para o espa?o anular. O g?s separado ? ent?o transferido ? linha de surg?ncia atrav?s de uma v?lvula de reten??o, que permite sua passagem sempre que a press?o de revestimento for maior do que a da linha. No entanto, em muitos casos a press?o de linha ? alta, fazendo com que o g?s seja aprisionado no anular, elevando a press?o de revestimento e reduzindo a submerg?ncia destas bombas. Nos casos mais cr?ticos, quando o reservat?rio j? encontra-se depletado, a press?o de revestimento compreende parcelas significativas da press?o de fluxo de fundo, de forma que o n?vel de l?quido pode atingir a suc??o das bombas, tornando a produ??o inst?vel ou, muitas vezes, inviabilizando-a. Este trabalho, portanto, se prop?e a estudar uma poss?vel solu??o para este problema, advinda de uma colabora??o entre Petrobras e UFRN: a instala??o de ejetores na linha de surg?ncia. Ejetores s?o equipamentos que se utilizam da energia de um fluido, denominado de fluido motriz, para aspirar ou succionar outro, denominado de secund?rio. Nesta aplica??o, a pr?pria produ??o do po?o de petr?leo seria utilizada para aspirar o g?s do anular. Ao longo do texto, ? desenvolvida uma modelagem matem?tica simplificada para fins de an?lise de performance e dimensionamento destes ejetores, onde foram utilizados os princ?pios da conserva??o de massa, momento e energia em cada se??o do ejetor. Este modelo foi verificado e ajustado atrav?s da fluidodin?mica computacional utilizando o software CFX da empresa ANSYS, vers?o 16.0. Por fim, a influ?ncia de um ejetor na linha de surg?ncia de um po?o que opera por Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso ? analisada atrav?s de an?lise nodal, onde foi poss?vel demonstrar que sua instala??o permite um aumento da vaz?o de produ??o do po?o quando este ? equipado com variador de frequ?ncia, mantendo inalterada a submerg?ncia. / When the reservoir doesn?t have enough energy to raise the fluids to the surface or when its natural flow rate isn?t economically viable, artificial lift methods are required. Among these there are those that are called pumping methods, which rely on bottomhole pumps. Because of their working principle, the performance of these pumps decrease when free gas is ingested. Therefore, sometimes gas separators are installed upstream of the pump in order to redirect some of the gas to the annulus, and the completion is made without a packer. The annulus and the production line are connected via a check valve, allowing gas flow from the annulus to the production line whenever the casing pressure is higher than the wellhead pressure. However, in some cases the wellhead pressure is high enough, causing the gas to get trapped in the annulus, increasing casing pressure and therefore reducing pumps? submergence. In the worst case scenario, when the reservoir is depleted, the casing pressure comprises significant part of the bottomhole pressure. When this is the case, the fluid level become very close to the suction ports, provoking flow instabilities or, in some cases, making it unfeasible. This dissertation intends to study one possible solution to this problem, which came about as part of a partnership between Petrobras and UFRN, which is the installation of an ejector in the production line. Ejectors are devices that utilizes the energy of a motive fluid in order to suck a secondary one. In this particularly application, the well?s own production is used to suck the separated gas from the annulus. Throughout the text, a simplified mathematical model is developed in order to conduct performance analysis and design by using the basic principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for control volumes. This model was verified with the aids of computational fluid dynamics, where the software CFX from ANSYS version 16.0 was utilized. Finally, ejector?s influence on an well equipped with an Electrical Submersible Pump is discussed utilizing nodal analysis, where it was shown that it?s possible to increase flow rate when a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) is available, maintaining the same submergence.