Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TommyAP_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 809913 bytes, checksum: 0090aa039ef326f260cb40945133e6d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The gas injection has become the most important IOR process in the United States. Furthermore, the year 2006 marks the first time the gas injection IOR production has surpassed that of steam injection. In Brazil, the installation of a petrochemical complex in the Northeast of Brazil (Bahia State) offers opportunities for the injection of gases in the fields located in the Rec?ncavo Basin. Field-scale gas injection applications have almost always been associated with design and operational difficulties. The mobility ratio, which controls the volumetric sweep, between the injected gas and displaced oil bank in gas processes, is typically unfavorable due to the relatively low viscosity of the injected gas. Furthermore, the difference between their densities results in severe gravity segregation of fluids in the reservoirs, consequently leading to poor control in the volumetric sweep. Nowadays, from the above applications of gas injection, the WAG process is most popular. However, in attempting to solve the mobility problems, the WAG process gives rise to other problems associated with increased water saturation in the reservoir including diminished gas injectivity and increased competition to the flow of oil. The low field performance of WAG floods with oil recoveries in the range of 5-10% is a clear indication of these problems. In order to find na effective alternative to WAG, the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) was developed. This process is designed to take advantage of gravity force to allow vertical segregation between the injected CO2 and reservoir crude oil due to their density difference. This process consists of placing horizontal producers near the bottom of the pay zone and injecting g?s through existing vertical wells in field. Homogeneous models were used in this work which can be extrapolated to commercial application for fields located in the Northeast of Brazil. The simulations were performed in a CMG simulator, the STARS 2007.11, where some parameters and their interactions were analyzed. The results have shown that the CO2 injection in GAGD process increased significantly the rate and the final recovery of oil / A inje??o de g?s tem sido o m?todo de recupera??o mais utilizado nos Estados Unidos e o ano de 2006 marca a primeira vez em que a produ??o proveniente dos processos de inje??o de g?s superou os de inje??o de vapor. No Brasil, a instala??o do complexo petroqu?mico, no estado da Bahia, oferece oportunidades para inje??o de g?s na Bacia do Rec?ncavo. As aplica??es de inje??o de g?s em campo foram quase sempre associadas com dificuldades operacionais e de projetos. A raz?o de mobilidade, que controla a varredura volum?trica, entre o g?s injetado e o banco de ?leo deslocado, ? tipicamente desfavor?vel devido ? baixa viscosidade do g?s. Al?m de que a diferen?a entre as densidades conduz a segrega??o gravitacional severa dos fluidos no reservat?rio e consequentemente, levando a um pobre controle na varredura volum?trica. Atualmente, grande parte dos projetos de inje??o de g?s no mundo ? do tipo WAG. Entretanto, na tentativa de resolver os problemas de mobilidade, o processo WAG causa outros problemas como o aumento na satura??o de ?gua no reservat?rio, incluindo a diminui??o na injetividade do g?s e aumento da competi??o no fluxo do ?leo. O baixo desempenho na recupera??o de ?leo deste processo no campo, na ordem de 5 a 10%, ? uma clara indica??o destes problemas. A fim de encontrar uma alternativa eficaz para o WAG, o processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por inje??o de g?s (GAGD) foi desenvolvido. O processo GAGD ? projetado para tomar vantagem da for?a gravitacional causando assim, a segrega??o vertical entre o CO2 injetado e a reserva de ?leo devido ? diferen?a de densidades. Este processo consiste na coloca??o de po?os produtores horizontais pr?ximos a parte inferior da zona de ?leo e inje??o de g?s atrav?s de po?os verticais existentes em campo. Modelos homog?neos foram utilizados neste trabalho os quais podem ser extrapolados para aplica??o comercial em campos localizados no nordeste brasileiro. As simula??es foram realizadas no simulador da CMG STARS 2007.11, sendo analisados alguns par?metros e suas intera??es. Os resultados mostraram que a inje??o de CO2 no processo GAGD aumentou significativamente a vaz?o e a recupera??o final de ?leo

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:01:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T20:53:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T20:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielPabloNudelman_DISSERT.pdf: 4667154 bytes, checksum: 87376721e94f9b7485cbec0fb6ad20a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / Nos ?ltimos dezesseis anos surgiu no Brasil um segmento de produtores independentes com foco de atua??o nas bacias terrestres e de ?guas rasas. Entre os desafios destas empresas se encontra o desenvolvimento de campos com projetos com um valor presente l?quido (VPL) baixo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a melhor op??o t?cnico-econ?mica de desenvolvimento de um campo de petr?leo no Nordeste Brasileiro aplicando a simula??o de reservat?rios. A partir de dados reais de geologia, reservat?rios e produ??o foi realizado o modelo geol?gico e de simula??o. Devido a n?o ter an?lise PVT, foram utilizados os dados do ensaio de destila??o denominado Pontos de Ebuli??o Verdadeiros (PEV) para criar um modelo de fluidos gerando as curvas PVT. Ap?s realizado o ajuste manual do hist?rico, foram simulados quatro cen?rios de desenvolvimento: a extrapola??o de produ??o sem novos investimentos, a convers?o de um po?o produtor para inje??o de g?s imisc?vel, a perfura??o de um po?o vertical e a perfura??o de um po?o horizontal. Como resultados, do ponto de vista financeiro, a inje??o de g?s foi a alternativa com menor valor agregado, podendo ser vi?vel caso haja restri??es ambientais ou regulat?rias de queima ou de ventila??o ao meio ambiente do g?s produzido do campo ou de campos vizinhos. O fator de recupera??o atingido com a perfura??o dos po?os vertical e horizontal ? similar, mas a perfura??o do po?o horizontal ? um projeto de acelera??o de produ??o, portanto a produ??o acumulada incremental atualizada com uma taxa m?nima de atratividade da empresa ? maior. A depender do pre?o do barril de petr?leo Brent e do custo de perfura??o esta op??o pode ser t?cnica e financeiramente vi?vel. / In the last 16 years emerged in Brazil a segment of independent producers with focus on onshore basins and shallow waters. Among the challenges of these companies is the development of fields with projects with a low net present value (NPV). The objective of this work was to study the technical-economical best option to develop an oil field in the Brazilian Northeast using reservoir simulation. Real geology, reservoir and production data was used to build the geological and simulation model. Due to not having PVT analysis, distillation method test data known as the true boiling points (TBP) were used to create a fluids model generating the PVT data. After execution of the history match, four development scenarios were simulated: the extrapolation of production without new investments, the conversion of a producing well for immiscible gas injection, the drilling of a vertical well and the drilling of a horizontal well. As a result, from the financial point of view, the gas injection is the alternative with lower added value, but it may be viable if there are environmental or regulatory restrictions to flaring or venting the produced gas into the atmosphere from this field or neighboring accumulations. The recovery factor achieved with the drilling of vertical and horizontal wells is similar, but the horizontal well is a project of production acceleration; therefore, the present incremental cumulative production with a minimum rate of company's attractiveness is higher. Depending on the crude oil Brent price and the drilling cost, this option can be technically and financially viable.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelBS.pdf: 1607732 bytes, checksum: d5ad875fd4dc09637b9932966f4df8c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-07-16 / The continuous gas lift method is the main artificial lifting method used in the oil industry for submarine wells, due to its robustness and the large range of flow rate that the well might operate. Nowadays, there is a huge amount of wells producing under this mechanism. This method of elevation has a slow dynamics due to the transients and a correlation between the injected gas rate and the of produced oil rate. Electronics controllers have been used to adjust many parameters of the oil wells and also to improve the efficiency of the gas lift injection system. This paper presents a intelligent control system applied to continuous gas injection in wells, based in production s rules, that has the target of keeping the wells producing during the maximum period of time, in its best operational condition, and doing automatically all necessary adjustments when occurs some disturbance in the system. The author also describes the application of the intelligent control system as a tool to control the flow pressure in the botton of the well (Pwf). In this case, the control system actuates in the surface control valve / O m?todo de eleva??o por g?s lift cont?nuo ? o principal m?todo de eleva??o artificial utilizado, principalmente, para produ??o em po?os submarinos devido a sua robustez e a larga faixa de vaz?o que o po?o pode produzir. H? um grande percentual de po?os produzindo sob este mecanismo no Brasil. Este tipo de m?todo de eleva??o apresenta algumas caracter?sticas pr?prias, sendo uma delas sua din?mica lenta devido aos transientes e outra ? a exist?ncia de uma correla??o entre a vaz?o de g?s injetado e a vaz?o de ?leo produzido. Controladores eletr?nicos t?m sido utilizados para realizar ajustes em alguns par?metros do po?o e melhorar a efici?ncia de inje??o de g?s lift. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema inteligente de controle autom?tico da inje??o de g?s, baseando-se em regras de produ??o, que busca manter os po?os equipados para g?s lift cont?nuo produzindo o maior tempo poss?vel, nas condi??es ?timas de opera??o e que faz os ajustes autom?ticos necess?rios quando ocorre alguma perturba??o no sistema. Mostra-se que ? poss?vel, utilizando o sistema inteligente apresentado, exercer o controle da press?o de fluxo no fundo do po?o (Pwf) atrav?s da manipula??o da abertura da v?lvula de controle de superf?cie