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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determina??o de dados de equil?brio de fases para sistemas aquosos com eletr?litos

Oliveira, Humberto Neves Maia de 11 June 1999 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HumbertoNMO_dissert.pdf: 1947865 bytes, checksum: 483437cde9982b75917556f1e4d183b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-06-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In the present work are established initially the fundamental relationships of thermodynamics that govern the equilibrium between phases, the models used for the description of the behavior non ideal of the liquid and vapor phases in conditions of low pressures. This work seeks the determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for a series of multicomponents mixtures of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, prepared synthetically starting from substances with analytical degree and the development of a new dynamic cell with circulation of the vapor phase. The apparatus and experimental procedures developed are described and applied for the determination of VLE data. VLE isobarics data were obtained through a Fischer s ebulliometer of circulation of both phases, for the systems pentane + dodecane, heptane + dodecane and decane + dodecane. Using the two new dynamic cells especially projected, of easy operation and low cost, with circulation of the vapor phase, data for the systems heptane + decane + dodecane, acetone + water, tween 20 + dodecane, phenol + water and distillation curves of a gasoline without addictive were measured. Compositions of the equilibrium phases were found by densimetry, chromatography, and total organic carbon analyzer. Calibration curves of density versus composition were prepared from synthetic mixtures and the behavior excess volumes were evaluated. The VLE data obtained experimentally for the hydrocarbon and aqueous systems were submitted to the test of thermodynamic consistency, as well as the obtained from the literature data for another binary systems, mainly in the bank DDB (Dortmund Data Bank), where the Gibbs-Duhem equation is used obtaining a satisfactory data base. The results of the thermodynamic consistency tests for the binary and ternary systems were evaluated in terms of deviations for applications such as model development. Later, those groups of data (tested and approved) were used in the KijPoly program for the determination of the binary kij parameters of the cubic equations of state original Peng-Robinson and with the expanded alpha function. These obtained parameters can be applied for simulation of the reservoirs petroleum conditions and of the several distillation processes found in the petrochemistry industry, through simulators. The two designed dynamic cells used equipments of national technology for the determination of VLE data were well succeed, demonstrating efficiency and low cost. Multicomponents systems, mixtures of components of different molecular weights and also diluted solutions may be studied in these developed VLE cells / No presente trabalho s?o inicialmente estabelecidas as rela??es termodin?micas fundamentais que governam o equil?brio entre fases, sendo apresentados os modelos utilizados para a descri??o do comportamento n?o ideal das fases l?quidas e vapor em condi??es de baixas press?es. Este trabalho visou a determina??o de dados de equil?brio l?quido-vapor (ELV) para uma s?rie de misturas de hidrocarbonetos alif?ticos saturados multicomponentes preparadas sinteticamente a partir de subst?ncias com grau P.A., e o desenvolvimento de uma nova c?lula din?mica com circula??o da fase vapor. Os dispositivos e os procedimentos experimentais s?o descritos e aplicados para a determina??o destes dados de EL V. Dados de EL V isob?ricos foram determinados, atrav?s de um ebuli?metro Fischer de circula??o das fases l?quida e vapor, para os sistemas pentano + do decano, heptano + dodecano, decano + dodecano. Atrav?s das duas novas c?lulas din?micas especialmente projetadas, de f?cil opera??o e baixo custo, com circula??o da fase vapor, os sistemas heptano + decano + dodecano, acetona + ?gua, tween 20 + dodecano, fenol + ?gua e curva de destila??o de uma gasolina sem aditivo foram estudados experimentalmente. As composi??es das fases em equil?brio foram encontradas por densimetria, cromatografia e analisador de carbono org?nico total. Curvas de calibra??o de densidade versus composi??o foram preparadas a partir de misturas sint?ticas e avaliados os comportamentos de seus volumes de excesso. Os dados de ELV obtidos experimentalmente para os sistemas aquosos e hidrocarbonetos foram submetidos a testes de consist?ncia termodin?mica, bem como os dados obtidos da literatura para outros sistemas bin?rios, principalmente no banco de dados DDB (Dortmund Data Bank), utilizando a equa??o de Gibbs-Duhem, obtendo uma s?rie de dados com consist?ncia satisfat?ria. Os resultados dos testes de consist?ncia termodin?mica, obtidos para os sistemas bin?rios e tern?rio, foram avaliados em termos de desvios para aplica??es tais como desenvolvimento de modelos. Posteriormente, esses conjuntos de dados (testados e aprovados) foram usados no programa KijPoly para a determina??o dos par?metros bin?rios kij das equa??es de estado c?bicas de Peng-Robinson original e com a fun??o alfa expandida. Os par?metros obtidos podem ser aplicados para simula??o das condi??es de reservat?rios de petr?leo e dos v?rios processos de destila??o encontrados na ind?stria petroqu?mica, atrav?s de simuladores. Os dois novos projetos de c?lulas din?micas usaram equipamentos de tecnologia nacional para a determina??o de dados de ELV foram bem sucedidos, demonstrando efici?ncia e baixo custo. Sistemas multicomponentes e com componentes de diferentes pesos moleculares, e at? em concentra??es dilu?das foram e podem ser estudados nessas c?lulas de ELV desenvolvidas

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