This thesis studies and mathematically models nonlinear interactions among channels of modern high bit rate (amplitude/) phase modulated optical systems. First, phase modulated analogue systems are studied and a differential receiving method is suggested with experimental validation. The main focus of the rest of the thesis is on digital advanced modulation format systems. Cross-talk due to fiber Kerr nonlinearity in two-format hybrid systems as well as 16-QAM systems is mathematically modelled and verified by simulation for different system parameters. A comparative study of differential receivers and coherent receivers is also given for hybrid systems. The model is based on mathematically proven assumptions and provides an intuitive analytical understanding of nonlinear cross-talk in such systems. / Graduate

Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (WDM PONs) offer a great solution to satisfy the increasing demand of bandwidth. In addition, it offers a higher level of data security through virtual point to point connections. A great challenge in realizing cost-effective WDM PON is the need for a transmitter at each Optical Network Unit (ONU) with a dedicated wavelength, which overloads the total cost of the system, in addition to reducing the number of available wavelengths in the system. Remodulation scheme is an ultimate solution for these problems of WDM PONs as the downstream signal itself is remodulated with upstream data which saves the need for a laser source at the ONU side. In this thesis I propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel wavelength remodulation scheme for WDM PONs that employs Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) for downstream and Return to Zero DPSK (RZ-DPSK) for upstream. The use of DPSK enhanced the system with improved receiver sensitivity and RZ-DPSK improved the tolerance toward chromatic dispersion. In addition, I investigate the Backreflection (BR) penalty resulting from beat noise of BRs with upstream signal in a bidirectional WDM PON system that uses remodulation and phase modulation as a modulation format. I experimentally demonstrate the optimal conditions to operate the system and minimize the BR penalty.

This thesis describes an experimental investigation of high frequency acoustic wave scattering from turbulent premixed flames. The objective of this work was to characterize the scattered incoherent acoustic field and determine its parametric dependence on frequency, flame brush thickness, incident and measurement angles, mean velocity and flame speed. The experimental facility consists of a slot burner with a flat flame sheet that is approximately 15 cm wide and 12 cm tall. The baseline cold flow characteristics and flame sheet statistics were extensively characterized. Studies were performed over a wide range of frequencies (1-24 kHz) in order to characterize the role of the incident acoustic wave length. The spectrum of the scattered acoustic field showed distinct incoherent spectral sidebands on either side of the driving frequency. The scattered incoherent field was characterized in terms of the incoherent field strength and spectral bandwidth and related to the theoretical predictions. The role of the flame front wrinkling scale, i.e., flame brush thickness, was also studied. Flame brush thickness was varied independent of the mean velocity and flame speed by using a variable turbulence generator. Results are reported for five flame brush thickness cases, ranging from 1.2 mm to 5.2 mm. Some dependence of scattered field characteristics on flame brush thickness was observed, but the magnitude of the effect was much smaller than expected from theoretical considerations. The spatial dependence of the scattered field was investigated by measuring the scattered field at four measurement angles and exciting the flame at four incident angles. Theory predicts that these variations influence the spatial scale of the acoustic wave normal to the flame, a result confirmed by the measurements. Measurements were performed for multiple combinations of mean velocities and flame speeds. The scattered field was observed to depend strongly on the flame speed. Further analysis suggested that the change in orientation angle distribution with flame speed had a large influence on the scattered field. The scattered field characteristics did not show any appreciable change with mean velocity. This result was expected since flame brush thickness characteristics themselves exhibit a weak velocity dependence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-167). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-148). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "31 May 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. R1-R5). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-155).

Th. doct.-ing.--Méc. des fluides--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1984. N°: 346.

Orientadores: Helio Waldman, Darli Augusto de Arruda Mello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:25:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_FranciscoAugustodaCosta_M.pdf: 789247 bytes, checksum: 92fd6bcd2b896f2de173abbf3d6cbef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Comparamos o desempenho de quatro arquiteturas de recuperação de portadora tipo feedforward em receptores QPSK e 8-PSK coerentes com multiplexação de polarização e decodificação diferencial. Analisamos os cenários que apresentam desequilíbrio entre as SNRs nas duas polarizações, tal como ocorre em sistemas com PDL. Usando simulações de Monte Carlo, observamos que o método de estimação conjunta proposto apresenta penalidade em SNR de 1,1 dB de penalidade em SNR para uma razão largura de linha/ taxa de símbolo = 5 × 10-3, enquanto as outras três arquiteturas investigadas têm penalidade de 1,8 dB, 2,0 dB, e 3,9 dB para o formato de modulação QPSK. Para o formato 8-PSK, a arquitetura de recuperação conjunta apresenta 1,1 dB para uma razão largura de linha/ taxa de símbolo = 7, 5 × 10-4, enquanto as outras três arquiteturas têm penalidade 1,5 dB, 1,7 dB e 2,8 dB, para BER = 10-3 e um desequilíbrio em SNR de 3 dB. / Abstract: This work compares the performance of four feedforward carrier recovery architectures in coherent QPSK and 8-PSK receivers, with polarization multiplexing and differential decoding. We focused on the scenarios showing an SNR imbalance between orthogonal polarizations, as in PDL impaired systems. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we observed that the proposed joint estimation method yields an SNR penalty of 1.1 dB, for a laser linewidth/ baudrate ratio of 5×10-3, while the other three investigated architectures 1.8 dB, 2.0 dB and 3.9 dB, for the QPSK modulation format. As for 8-PSK, the proposed joint feedforward carrier recovery architecture exhibits a 1.1 dB SNR penalty for a laser linewidth/ baudrate ratio of 7.5 × 10-4, while the other three architectures 1.5 dB, 1.7 dB and 2.8 dB, for a BER = 10-3 and 3 dB SNR imbalance. Keywords: optical communication, coherent receiver, phase modulation. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Pedro Fernandes Tavares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:19:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu_NataliaPradode_D.pdf: 5325698 bytes, checksum: b2120bdd02b9ec07d7563695665add5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta tese investiga a dinâmica longitudinal não-linear do feixe de elétrons de alta intensidade circulante no anel de armazenamento do Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS). Em particular, analisamos os efeitos sobre os modos de oscilação coerentes instáveis e sobre as características de equilíbrio dos pacotes de elétrons decorrentes da manipulação da distribuição de densidade eletrônica no espaço de fase longitudinal, realizada por meio de dois mecanismos distintos: a modulação em fase dos campos estacionários aceleradores e o uso de cavidades harmônicas. Determinamos a viabilidade do uso de cada uma das técnicas estudadas visando melhorar as propriedades do feixe dadas as características específicas e parâmetros do anel de armazenamento Brasileiro. Observamos que a modulação em fase é um método capaz de amortecer modos de oscilação de pacotes acoplados (coupled bunch modes) do feixe de elétrons e apresentamos evidências teóricas e experimentais de que o mecanismo físico responsável por este amortecimento é o aumento da dispersão das frequências de oscilação incoerente dos elétrons dentro dos pacotes, efeito chamado de amortecimento Landau. Observamos também um aumento no tempo de vida do feixe de elétrons devido µa diluição da densidade eletrônica, o que diminui a probabilidade de espalhamento elétron-elétron dentro dos pacotes, reduzindo assim a contribuição Touschek para a taxa de perda de elétrons. Atualmente a modulação em fase é utilizada rotineiramente em turno de usuários no anel de armazenamento do LNLS. Uma análise teórica assim como simulações da ação de cavidades harmônicas passivas no anel do LNLS mostram que efeitos semelhantes são observados, no que se refere µa estabilização de oscilações do feixe e ao aumento do tempo de vida, através dos mesmos mecanismos físicos presentes ao modularmos a fase dos campos de radiofrequência (RF). Há no entanto diferenças importantes nas características dos dois métodos: apesar da efficiência de operação dessas cavidades depender fortemente da corrente total armazenada, a distribuição natural de energias do feixe de elétron não é modificada, diferentemente do que ocorre quando usamos a modulação em fase; o aumento do tempo de vida em ambos os casos é muito parecido (da ordem de 30%) mas a cavidade harmônica, para determinados parâmetros de operação do anel de armazenamento, poder tornar o amortecimento de modos de oscilação de pacotes acoplados 16 vezes maior, enquanto que a modulação em fase aumenta o amortecimento por um fator 1.5 / Abstract: This work investigates the nonlinear longitudinal dynamics of an intense electron beam at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS electron storage ring). Our main interest lies in the effects of the longitudinal electron density manipulation (by means of RF phase modulation or through the use of harmonic cavities) on the beam Touschek lifetime, coupled bunch instabilities and the steady state characteristics of the circulating bunches. We also determine the viability of each technique and optimize their results given the specific needs and parameters of the Brazilian storage ring. We show that phase modulation is efficient in damping coupled bunch instabilities of the circulating electron beam and present theoretical and experimental evidences that an increased spread of the electrons incoherent frequency inside the bunches is the physical mechanism responsible for this damping, also called Landau damping. We show, as well, an increase in the overall beam lifetime due to the dilution of the particle density inside the bunches, which decreases the probability of electron-electron scattering thus reducing the Touschek contribution to the electron loss rate. Since 2004, phase modulation has been used routinely during users shifts at the LNLS storage ring. The effects of the presence a set of passive harmonic cavities were studied theoretically and using a simulation program. Similar effects, related to the damping of instabilities and increasing in lifetime, are also obtained when using passive harmonic cavities by the same physical mechanisms observed when using phase modulation. There are, however, some important differences between the two methods (harmonics cavities and phase modulation): even though the optimum conditions for operation of these cavities varies strongly with the stored current, this devices does not modify the natural energy distribution of the electron beam as observed when using phase modulation. Also, the increase in lifetime using both methods is similar (around 30%), but harmonics cavities can enhance the damping of coupled bunch modes by a factor of 16 while phase modulation provides an increase in damping by a factor 1.5 / Doutorado / Física Geral / Doutor em Ciências