Under the framework of this PhD project, a study on chromatographic behaviour of selected azaarenes on octadecylsilica stationary phases during their separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography was developed. The main goal was aimed at an application of the basic RPLC principles on the retention behaviour of azaarenes including the effects such as peak tailing, peak broadening, irreproducible retention or strong retention on a stationary phase. This study was particularly focused on basic azaarenes, also called acridines, which belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants providing mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity. The retention patterns were studied on a group of eight acridines that are often present in environmental samples polluted with polycyclic aromatic compounds. The mixture of acridines was separated under isocratic elution conditions on three octadecylsilica stationary phases using two different binary mixtures as a mobile phase. Evaluation of the surface properties of the selected stationary phases was firstly performed, followed by the separation experiments. The structure of the experiments was designed to evaluate the effect of three different factors on the retention behaviour of acridines: properties of a stationary phase, composition of a mobile phase and physical-chemical properties of acridines. The treatment of the results was based on the capacity factor values providing the best fitting and repeatability of data, but other parameters that evaluate thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the separation process were also given. Simple correlations between the three factors and a character of retention mechanism of acridines on the given separation system were found. Application of this knowledge simplifies an optimisation process and helps to solve common separation problems for acridines, but also for other basic analytes displaying similar physical-chemical properties (Mr and pKa).

Pour la fabrication des transistors hyperfréquences de puissance à base de nitrures, l’alliage InAlN est considéré comme une meilleure barrière qu’AlGaN grâce à l’accord de maille pour une composition en indium voisine de 18 %. Ainsi le gaz d'électrons à deux dimensions (2DEG) est-il généré seulement par la polarisation spontanée dans une hétérointerface InAlN/GaN sans contrainte résiduelle pour une fabrication de transistors aux performances optimales. Cependant, durant sa croissance sur GaN, sa qualité cristalline se dégrade avec l’épaisseur et il se forme des défauts V au niveau de l’interface. Afin de déterminer les sources de ce comportement, nous avons mené une étude théorique par dynamique moléculaire et techniques ab initio pour analyser la stabilité et les propriétés des alliages des composés nitrures en nous focalisant particulièrement sur InAlN. L’analyse des diagrammes de phase a permis de montrer que cet alliage présente une large gamme d’instabilité en composition d’indium et un comportement différent d’InGaN sous compression avec une instabilité amplifiée sous forte pression. En déterminant la stabilité énergétique de la lacune d’azote en interaction avec l’indium, nous avons montré que ce défaut ponctuel autour duquel des atomes d’indium tendent à retrouver une longueur de liaison voisine de celle dans InN pouvait être un catalyseur pour la formation de clusters dans cet alliage. Ces clusters d’InN introduisent des niveaux donneurs profonds dans la bande interdite. En ce qui concerne les dislocations traversantes, nos résultats montrent qu’elles auront aussi tendance à capturer des atomes d’indium dans leur cœur pour minimiser leur énergie. Ainsi nous avons pu apporter les bases théoriques qui montrent que la lacune d’azote participe à la dégradation spontanée des couches d’InAlN et que les dislocations traversantes sont amenées à y participer en attirant les atomes d’indium et donc en renforçant la séparation de phase en leur voisinage. / For the fabrication of nitride-based power microwave transistors, the InAlN alloy is considered to be a better barrier than AlGaN thanks to the lattice match with GaN for an indium composition around 18%. Thus the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is generated only by the spontaneous polarization at the AlInN/GaN heterointerface for a production of highest performance transistors. However, during its growth on GaN, its crystalline quality deteriorates with the thickness and V-defects are formed at the layer surface. To determine the sources of this behavior, we carried out a theoretical study by molecular dynamics and ab initio techniques to analyze the stability and the properties of alloys of nitride compounds, focusing particularly on InAlN. The analysis of the phase diagrams showed that this alloy has a wide zone of instability versus the indium composition and a different behavior with InGaN with amplified instability under high compressive strain. By determining the energetic stability of the nitrogen vacancy could be catalyst for forming clusters in this alloy. These InN clusters introduce deep donor levels inside the band gap. With regard to treading dislocations, our results show that they will also tend to capture indium atoms in their cores in order to minimize their energy. Thus, we have been able to provide a theoretical basis that show that the nitrogen vacancy participates in the spontaneous degradation of the AlInN layers and that the threading dislocations participate by attracting the indium atoms and thus reinforcing the separation of phase in their vicinity.