Orientador: Carlos Arthur Ribeiro do Nascimento / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T06:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivanov_Andrey_D.pdf: 874683 bytes, checksum: bd0e55e882462debb5ef67bce5875b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata de explicitar a noção e a essência do belo com base nos textos de Tomás de Aquino. A abordagem se limita à compreensão de partes integrantes das duas definições do belo formuladas por Tomás e de noções conexas. Entretanto, os textos são muito fragmentados e não sistematizados, e as interpretações dos comentadores apresentam freqüentemente contradições. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que as duas definições do belo se implicam reciprocamente, e de modo paralelo e complementar a de que Tomás de Aquino, em seus textos, embora fragmentados, esboça uma teoria coerente acerca do belo. Inicialmente, fazemos a resenha das interpretações mais relevantes e, em seguida, o levantamento dos principais textos de Tomás. Há duas análises distintas nestes textos: uma do ponto de vista ontológico e outra do ponto de vista psicológico implicada na comparação entre o belo e o bem, que estabelecem respectivamente duas definições: a definição descritiva intrínseca e a definição descritiva do efeito. A primeira indica as propriedades inerentes ao belo, ao passo que a segunda exprime o prazer na apreensão. Na continuação, propomos a gênese da noção do belo, dividida em gênese conceitual e gênese empírica. A gênese conceitual consiste em uma demonstração pelas causas, pelo que é a priori na noção ou determinação do belo, e se limita à compreensão da definição intrínseca; a gênese empírica, da qual é fornecida apenas uma sinopse, consiste em uma demonstração pelos efeitos, pelo que é a posteriori, e se limita à compreensão da definição do efeito. Finalmente, fazemos a síntese dos resultados e a crítica às interpretações resenhadas no início. Os resultados principais confirmam a implicação mútua das duas definições e a coerência interna da teoria de Tomás. Os resultados secundários evidenciam que a definição intrínseca do belo comporta mais elementos do que aqueles mencionados pelos intérpretes, e que a potência ou faculdade cogitativa é fundamental para a apreensão do belo / Abstract: This work intends to explain the notion and essence of the beautiful based on writings of Thomas Aquinas. The approach is limited to the understanding of integrant parts in Thomas's two definitions of the beautiful and related notions. However, the writings are very fragmented and unsystematized, besides the interpretations of modern scholars are frequently contradictory. The tesis of our investigation is that the two definitions of the beautiful imply each other, and, in a secondary sense, that Thomas sketches a coherent theory of the beautiful. We report the most significant interpretations; next, we inventory Thomas's texts. There are two distinct analysis in those texts. One in an ontological perspective; the other in a psicological perspective implied in the connection between the beautiful and the good. They establish respectively two distinct definitions, namely, the intrinsic descriptive definition and the descriptive definition of the effect. The first denotes the inherent properties of the beautiful, while the second expresses the pleasure in apprehension. We attempt, therefore, to do the genesis of the notion of the beautiful, which is divided in conceptual genesis and empirical genesis. The conceptual genesis consists in a demonstration for the causes, and is restricted to the understanding of intrinsic definition. The empirical genesis consists in a demonstration for the effects, and is restricted to the understanding of definition of the effect. With respect to this last genesis we present only a synopsis. Finally, we synthesize our conclusions and criticize the interpretations reported at the beginning. The main results of our inquiry proves the mutual implication between the two definitions and the internal coherence of Thomas's theory. Our secondary results are that the intrinsic definition contains more elements than those mentioned by modern scholars, and that the cogitative power or faculty is fundamental for the aprehension of the beautiful / Doutorado / Filosofia Medieval / Doutor em Filosofia

The goal of this dissertation is to address the influence of the Greek Fathers on the metaphysics of St. Bonaventure. Specifically, it looks at John of Damascus' and Dionysius' influence on Bonaventure's doctrine of divine ideas. It is argued that the former's influence contributed decisively to shaping the Seraphicus' exemplarism by giving it a distinctively voluntaristic framing. The subject is treated both from a historical and theoretical point of view. Accordingly, attention is not paid exclusively to systematic connections between the different authors but also to the means of historical transmission and interpretation. In this respect, the heritage of the School of St. Victor and of the first Franciscan masters in Paris (Alexander of Hales and John de la Rochelle) as mediators of the Greek Fathers to Bonaventure is brought forward and explored.

Translations of works containing Arabic and ancient Greek knowledge of the philosophical and mechanical underpinnings of the natural world—a field of study called natural philosophy—were disseminated throughout twelfth-century England. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, institutional (ecclesiastical/university) scholars received and further developed this natural philosophical knowledge by reconciling it with Christian authoritative sources (the Bible and works by the Church Fathers). The subsequent discourse that developed demonstrated ambivalence towards natural philosophical knowledge; institutional scholars expressed both acceptance and anxiety regarding the theory and practice of alchemy, astrology/astronomy, and humoral/astrological medicine. While the institutional development and discourse surrounding natural philosophical thought is well-represented within medieval scholarship, an examination of the transmission and reception of this institutional discourse by broader sectors of English medieval society is needed. Examining fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English public writings, texts, and copies of Latin works provides an important avenue of analysis when exploring the transmission and reception of institutional natural philosophical discourse to the laity. By comparing the similarities of discourse evident between the institutional and lay texts and the textual approaches the Middle English writers employed to incorporate this discourse, these works demonstrate that the spheres of institutional and lay knowledge traditionally separated by medieval historians overlapped as the clerics and laity began sharing a similar understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of the natural world.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.

Orientador: Fatima Evora / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T00:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sant'Anna_Lucia_M.pdf: 688678 bytes, checksum: e60a2b831bacc34cd3da12a45bd0ef48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho versa sobre a questão da verdade na Suma de Teologia de Santo Tomás de Aquino, procurando levantar os principais aspectos de sua doutrina sobre esse ponto. Com esse fim, após uma breve apresentação geral da obra, faz-se um comentário literal da questão 16 da primeira parte da Suma; em seguida, apresentam-se os aspectos levantados sobre a verdade nessa questão, a saber, a relação necessária entre verdade e intelecto e entre verdade e Deus / Abstract: This study analyses the issue of truth in the St. Thomas Aquinas¿s Summa Theologiae, aiming to rise the main aspects of his doctrine on this subject. In order to achieve this a literal commentary of question 16 of the first part of the Summa is being preceded by a general presentation of the work; following those aspects: the necessary relation between truth and intelect and between truth and God are presented. / Mestrado / Historia da Filosofia Medieval / Mestre em Filosofia

Ibn Jumay''s (d. c. 594/1198) commentary on the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) occupies an important place in the history of medicine for it is the first Canon commentary written by a physician and thus stands at the start of a tradition extending over 500 years. In addition, it is a so-far neglected source for our understanding of mediaeval Islamic medicine. The present thesis analyses the commentary with the aims of (1) determining the methods by which the court physician composed his treatise and (2) understanding why Ibn Jumay' undertook to prepare a commentary on one of the most thorough medical compendia of the middle ages. Chapter One presents the biography of Ibn Jumay', reveals that his religion had little impact on his writings and surveys his library which played a pivotal role in the composition of the commentary. Chapter Two investigates Ibn Jumay''s methodology in the entire commentary; it reveals that with his philological and source-critical methods Ibn Jumay' wanted to establish an authoritative reading of the Canon and to demonstrate the high degree of his erudition. Chapter Three focuses on selected passages in the commentary in form of three case studies. Ibn Jumay''s comments on anatomy/dissection, assorted materia medica and headaches demonstrate the court physician’s reverence for ancient authorities and his quest to revive and refine their teachings. Chapter Four contextualises Ibn Jumay''s methods and agenda by comparing them to those of other relevant scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The thesis concludes by arguing that Ibn Jumay''s commentary was part of his revival of the art of medicine and his attempt to gain power in the medical tradition by attaching his name to one of the greatest scholars of his time — the ra'īs Ibn Sīnā.

Dans le De constancia sapientis, Sénèque formule le portrait d'un sage que l'injustice et l'outrage n'affectent pas. Selon le Commentaire au livre de la Sagesse de Robert Holkot (OP + 1349), cette description conceptuelle définit la notion de sagesse présente dans le livre biblique. Ainsi, dans les années 1336-1338, le sage stoïcien est-il présenté, dans une exégèse biblique, comme l'exemple même de sagesse. Partant, la thèse s'attache à retracer l'élaboration de cette figure sapientielle au prisme du prologue de ce commentaire biblique. Elle en analyse ensuite l'enjeu conceptuel : la revendication d'un modèle vie chrétien inspiré du comportement exemplaire des philosophes antiques. Dans ce contexte, la figure de Platon acquiert une importance cruciale. Une approche critique de la philosophie comme modèle de vie forme enfin la dernière partie de ce travail. En effet, tant le recours antique et médiéval à l'exemplum que la définition de la philosophie comme manière de vivre prennent appui sur une conception de l'acte moral comme imitation d'un héros (saint, sage, etc.) qu'Immanuel Kant congédie. / In the De constancia sapientis, Seneca portrays a wise man as unaffected by injustice and outrage. For Robert Holkot (O.P., †1349), writing in his Commentary on the Book of Wisdom, this conceptual description defines the notion of wisdom present in the Biblical book of the same name. Thus, in the years 1336-1338, the Stoic wise man appears in a work of Biblical exegesis as the very example of wisdom. This thesis takes as its point of departure the portrayal of the wise man in the prologue to the Commentary on the Book of Wisdom. It then analyses what is at stake: the assertion of a Christian model of life inspired by role models from ancient philosophy. Plato becomes a figure of crucial importance. Finally, the last part of this work consists in a criticism of philosophy as a model way of life. In fact, both the ancient and medieval use of exempla and the definition of philosophy as way of life depend on a conception of moral action as the imitation of a hero (saint, wise person, and so on), a conception dismissed by Immanuel Kant.

Ce travail porte sur l'application et l'utilisation par Jean Duns Scot de la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence, issue du péripatétisme arabe, et se donne pour enjeu d'en comprendre le fonctionnement conceptuel. Solution conjointe aux questions de la constitution ontologique des choses, des rapports entre le langage et la réalité et du mode d'appréhension des notions générales dans l'abstraction, la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence sert de sous-bassement à la métaphysique de Duns Scot. C'est au moyen de cette théorie qu'il est possible, comme le montre cette recherche, de relire certains grands thèmes de la métaphysique scotiste: la théorie de la nature commune et de l'haeccéité, la connaissance abstractive (cognitio abstractiva), et la théorie de la non identité formelle. Le travail tente surtout de dégager le caractère proprement méthodologique de la théorie des trois états de l'essence (triplex status essentiae), répondant à la question du statut de l'essence indifférente, à celle des prédicats d'ordre supérieur et au problème de la séparation dans l'abstraction. / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished