Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T06:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_MarcioBenchimol_D.pdf: 1031130 bytes, checksum: 03f9acd2617b72d5e36ba8e81150122f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho afirma a centralidade do problema da cultura na filosofia de Nietzsche. A partir desta premissa, procura acompanhar a evolução do conceito nietzscheano de cultura no decorrer das duas primeiras fases da produção do filósofo. Põem-se então em relevo as transformações sofridas por este conceito no intervalo entre O Nascimento da Tragédia e Humano, demasiado Humano, ao mesmo tempo em que intenta-se delinear um núcleo essencial e invariante do mesmo, no período considerado. Para tanto, são investigadas as relações estabelecidas pelo pensamento de Nietzsche entre cultura, natureza e ser humano, assim como as relações entre cultura e história nas duas fases em questão, dando-se destaque ao problema da teleologia e da idéia de necessidade histórica* / Abstract: The present work considers the problem of culture as a central one in Nietzsche¿s philosophy. Based in this premise, it seeks to follow the evolution of the nietzschean concept of culture during the two first periods of that philosophy. The changes experienced by the referred notion between Die Geburt der Tragödie and Menshclisches, allzu Menschlisches are thus put into evidence, and at the same time it is made an attempt to determine its essential and invariable nucleus in the considered lapse of time. For that sake, the relations stablished by Nietzsches thinking between culture, nature and human being are investigated, as well as those between culture and History, in wich context some light is thrown upon the problems implicated by both the ideas of theleology and historical necessity / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

This thesis for the first time critically and comparatively examines contemporary Christian and philosophical ethics of war. Thus it contributes to an investigation of current possibilities of moral-political action. Exploring various combinations of political ethics and the tenets of faith, it compares three Christian with two secular thinkers. Each chapter first shows how Just War ethics are constructed between ‘realism’ and ‘idealism’. The former prioritizes individual or national self-defence and power; the latter the universal value of each individual. Each analytical section reconstructs the author’s moral understanding of political authority, violent force and political reality. These foci are investigated in terms of how they understand, envision or reject the mediation between politics and Christian morality. As the inner logic of each Just War proposal is thus brought out, continuities and differences between authors can be explained. Part I looks at Christian authors. Jean Bethke Elshtain’s realistic, ‘naturalistic’ Just War ethic of the sovereign state rejects humanist idealism. For Paul Ramsey Christian agape provides a transformative ethic between idealism and realism. Developing this, Oliver O’Donovan’s evangelical approach practically fuses idealism and realism. Dogmatically, this is conditioned by moving from Elshtain’s modern theological dualism to Ramsey’s Christ-transforming the world, though still indebted to philosophical idealism. O’Donovan, however, suggests that after the singular mediation of the Christ event, moral-political categories disclose the divine order. Part II investigates the idealism-realism divide amongst philosophers. Both David Rodin’s idealist demand for a global state and Uwe Steinhoff’s individualist Machiavellianism seek to protect human rights. After Kant, they presuppose an unbridgeable division between politics and ‘religious’ morality. Theology, having become anthropology, replaces the mediation of Christ with immanent mediators: legal, statist or individualist moral agents. But this echoes and intensifies the Christian tradition. Whereas Rodin introduces a renewed, violent papacy, Steinhoff seeks to renew the liberal-democratic status quo through a secular ‘radical reformation’. It is concluded that both modern Christian and philosophical ethics of war can oscillate between impractical triumphant justice and the failure of tragic antagonism. If the singular mediation between Is and Ought in Christ is recognized as a universal paradox, doing justice effectively becomes possible.

This thesis intends to assess various inspirations of Czech art of the nineteenth, mainly twentieth century by ancient Greek tradition. Special emphasis is given to following two viewpoints: travelling on the one side and body and physicallity on the other. The first part concerns itself with artists travelling south to discover new impulses for their work, the second one deals with various approaches to body and physicallity inspired by Greek art. The didactic section presents an application of these topics to the elementary school Art Education. The practical part consists of two series of photos describing the subjective view of the present Greek metropolis.

This thesis is primarily concerned with the literary aspects of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its immediate focus rests on the evolution of the Islamic republican poetic trend, encompassing both the disillusioned and conformist voices that rose to prominence in the course of the 1979 Revolution and their on-going engagement with the ruling political power. In this vein, this thesis investigates the various cultural policies of the state, as well as select political transformations of the past three decades, all of which played a pivotal role in this literary evolution. The thesis shows how the official poets that emerged during the 1979 Revolution, and which proved significantly active throughout the immediate history subsequent to that event (war with Iraq, the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and the rise and fall of the reform movement), evolved over time and thereby either received political support for their commitment to the state ideology or became gradually excluded from official cultural institutions. Finally, this thesis reviews the manner in which state strategies have shaped an institutionalised form of poetry that is monitored and reinforced by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic and official cultural authorities. It demonstrates how an innate linking of the project of Islamic republican literature to underlying ideologically defined notions such as 'religious verse', 'legitimate poetry' and 'commitment' was and continues to be an intrinsic part of the literary foundations of the ideological apparatus of the Islamic Republic.