<p> This dissertation reviews the extensive literature on the history of academia and education in historical context, distilling it into a concise storyline, followed by a concentrated focus on the French and German university models, departmentalization, and subsequent reactions to it. The extensive documentation provides a detailed sketch for the motivated scholar to elaborate upon with further reading. Hopefully, the interdiciplinary approach has something to offer most academics. The literature review also helped guide development of a survey assessing student educational experiences in contemporary academia (Cronbach&rsquo;s &alpha; = 0.717). The endeavor included a far-reaching journey of field research across every continent of the world except Antarctica. A total of 273 universities were assessed. Qualitative notes were taken, which may lead to an illustrated travelogue, but the current dissertation aim was to survey undergraduates with the new instrument (N = 1,495 undergraduates). Results show the majority of students were pleased with the education they were receiving, though their program requirements prevented them from studying other subjects of interest, and opportunities to take interdisciplinary courses were limited. Most students found their professors available for guidance, but did not find opportunities to collaborate on publishable research with them. Furthermore, most students did not intend to submit their work for publication, but would be more inclined to submit to a student run journal, if one was available. Finally, most students believe it is important to spend a semester or more aboard, or at affiliate university campuses, but they find the expense and logistical problems a deterrent. In closing, policy considerations are proposed as possible solutions to the problems uncovered by the survey results. The limitations and contributions of this research are discussed. Theoretically, this research places the new global network university model within the context of historical developments. It expands the construct for rating universities beyond standard criteria for rankings to include the issues mentioned above. Methodologically, this research advances the field of university rating systems by providing a new reliable measurement tool. Practically, the survey instrument increases awareness of several issues that need attention in order to improve the educational experiences of university undergraduates.</p>

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) is most well known as a matematician, or a logician, and then famed a the initiator of a phenomenological movement. He has been accused of promoting transcendental indealism to the point of solipsism. His focus on pure consciousness has been received as a method which operates above its historical context and straight to the 'seeing essences.' This is partly because of his problematic wording in his earlier writings. However, his last published (yet unfinished) work, The Crisis of European Sciences (Belgrade, 1936), is certainly a very different introduction to his phenomenology. In this publication he struggles with the issue of Life-world, the world we live in, before it gets to be described abstractly, in a scientific way. One aspect of our experience in this Life-world is our consciousness of internal time (not the clock-time, not even a simple measuring of duration). This investigation into the consciousness of internal time, impinges his definition of pure consciousness. Consciousness is embedded in internal-time-consciousness. Consciousness cannot operate "outside" time. In this line of thinking Husserl almost "by accident" came to formulate his philosophy of history, for which is so far much less known. Husserl's 'Philosophy of History' is his last contribution as a philosopher who had failed to systematize his teaching, as in his Erste Philosophie mss. of 1923-'24., and again in Cartesianische Meditationen, mss. 1929. which he has kept revising and ultimately dropping. Just as well in the latter case, since tempora mutantur and nos mutamus in illis, and so, as I will contend, his new conderns with history emerged. This is my thesis presented here, and it is my own original research, that Hussel's philsosphy of history is not only worthy of reconstruction but a very significant aspect of his mature phenomenology.

Since the 1960’s it has been common for many historians to treat Friedrich Nietzsche as a proto-postmodernist. Nietzsche’s scepticism and apparent embrace of aestheticism have fueled the belief among historians that Nietzsche’s philosophy anticipated a postmodern understanding of history. This project seeks to challenge the proto-postmodernist reading of Nietzsche’s philosophy of history by arguing that Nietzsche’s thought underwent a significant change after the termination of his friendship with the German composer Richard Wagner. Utilizing Nietzsche’s personal correspondence, material from his many notebooks, records of the books he read and owned, as well as the works he published, this thesis attempts to unravel the protopostmodern reading of Nietzsche’s philosophy in favour of a naturalist interpretation of his thought. It will then attempt to outline what the consequences of Nietzsche’s naturalism are for his philosophy of history. / Graduate

This thesis intends to show how some of the Laudian high church and high Tory clergy of the Restorian era were impelled to reject the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its consequences for the church because of their close association with the anti-Exclusion policies of the crown in the later years of Charles II. Passive obedience, non-resistance and hereditary divine right were political theories based on scripture, the early church, the sufferings of the early martyrs and of Christ himself. The clergy, as a special class of educated professionals, could advance themselves significantly in their calling by preaching and writing in favour of the currently favourable political ideology of the later Stuarts. Fortified by the glorious deaths of King Charles the Martyr and Archbishop Laud, passive obedience and nonresistance were regarded as vital moral precepts of the Christian faith. The sufferings of the Church of England and its faithful confessors during the Great Rebellion had made anglicanism a martyr faith, passionately held. In this golden age of anglican patristic scholarship, the works of Ignatius of Antioch and Cyprian re-emphasized the conviction that episcopacy was of divine right and an essential part of Christ's church. Political opposition or religious nonconformity were alike considered as sinful and perverse.For the Church of England the double blows of James II's ungrateful treachery and the Revolution itself were shattering shocks. The minority of bishops and clergy who refused the new oaths and accepted deprivation regarded their removal as being as invalid as the deposition of James II. The consecration of Tillotson and the other Revolution 'intruders' caused the nonjuror bishops to go beyond the intended precedents of the Interregnum and to consecrate new bishops in secret. A great controversy was begun by the ousted nonjurors using high sacramental theology, eucharistic doctrine, the apostolic succession of bishops and priests, and the essential independence of the church from the state. The whole relationship of church and state since Henry VIII and Elizabeth was thus radically called in question, and the nonjurors developed a powerful attack on the complying 'Revolution church' more revolutionary than the Revolution itself.The career of George Hickes ideally illustrates the rise of a late restoration divine who strongly supported Charles II. He achieved eminence just before James II attacked the Anglican church's monopoly, defended the church strongly against the king's aggression and took an uncompromising stand against the Revolution settlement in church and state. A clandestine bishop and rigid high churchman of a logically hard, ruthless and consistent mind, Hickes outstandingly represented the nonjurors' position in ecclesiastical matters as well as Jacobitism. He finally opposed Henry Dodwell's return to the established church in 1710 and established his own leadership of the diehard rump of nonjurors and secured further episcopal consecrations to ensure the continuance of the nonjuror schism.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) is most well known as a matematician, or a logician, and then famed a the initiator of a phenomenological movement. He has been accused of promoting transcendental indealism to the point of solipsism. His focus on pure consciousness has been received as a method which operates above its historical context and straight to the 'seeing essences.' This is partly because of his problematic wording in his earlier writings. However, his last published (yet unfinished) work, The Crisis of European Sciences (Belgrade, 1936), is certainly a very different introduction to his phenomenology. In this publication he struggles with the issue of Life-world, the world we live in, before it gets to be described abstractly, in a scientific way. One aspect of our experience in this Life-world is our consciousness of internal time (not the clock-time, not even a simple measuring of duration). This investigation into the consciousness of internal time, impinges his definition of pure consciousness. Consciousness is embedded in internal-time-consciousness. Consciousness cannot operate "outside" time. In this line of thinking Husserl almost "by accident" came to formulate his philosophy of history, for which is so far much less known. Husserl's 'Philosophy of History' is his last contribution as a philosopher who had failed to systematize his teaching, as in his Erste Philosophie mss. of 1923-'24., and again in Cartesianische Meditationen, mss. 1929. which he has kept revising and ultimately dropping. Just as well in the latter case, since tempora mutantur and nos mutamus in illis, and so, as I will contend, his new conderns with history emerged. This is my thesis presented here, and it is my own original research, that Hussel's philsosphy of history is not only worthy of reconstruction but a very significant aspect of his mature phenomenology.

No description available.

<p> This dissertation looks at the life and work of famed English Aristocrat Robert Boyle. Specifically, I examine his treatment of generation and its organizing forces&mdash;seminal principles, plastic powers, and petrifick spirits. Generation, I argue, provided the context by which Boyle was introduced both to chymistry and anatomy. The problem of generation would remain at the forefront of his concerns as he experimented in chymistry, pneumatics, minerals, anatomy, transmutation, and plants. Looking at the various communities in Europe with which Robert Boyle interacted, I show that the mechanical philosophy was actually quite diverse. As one of the most influential scholars of his time, Boyle presents a distinctly mechanical account of generation that would have a profound effect upon Western science.</p>

Abstract not available

Thesis (M.A.)--Lehigh University, 2009. / Adviser: John C. Pettegrew.

<p> This dissertation focuses on the elements of performance that contribute to the actress&rsquo;s development of somatic practices. By mastering the art of articulation and vocalization, by transforming their bodies and their environment, these actors created their own agency. The female actors lived the life of the characters they portrayed, which were full of multicultural models from various social and economic classes. Somaesthetics, as a focus of sensory-aesthetic appreciation and somatic awareness, provides a pragmatic approach to understanding the unique way in which the woman of the early modern Spanish stage, while dedicating herself to the art of acting, challenged the negative cultural and social constructs imposed on her. Drawing from early modern plays and treatises on the precepts and practices of the acting process, I use somaesthetics to shed light on how the actor might have prepared for a role in a <i>comedia</i>, self-consciously cultivating her body in order to meet the challenges of the stage.</p>