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This dissertation presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of aspects of the intonation and prosody of an Australian polysynthetic language, Bininj Gun-wok (BGW; also referred to as Mayali). The theoretical framework is autosegmental-metrical phonology, as adapted to the description of intonation by Pierrehumbert (1980); Bruce (1977) and others. The analysis focuses principally on two dialects, Kuninjku and Manyallaluk Mayali (MM), with some reference to the Kunwinjku, Kune, Gun-Djeihmi and Kundedjnjenghmi dialects.

Research has shown that fine-grained consonantal phonetic information can be gradiently integrated during spoken word recognition in the L1. However, the way listeners categorize vocalic phonetic information has not been investigated as thoroughly. Furthermore, second language (L2) listeners’ processing of fine-grained information is not as well known as L1 processing. L1 Canadian French (CF) listeners and L2 listeners (native English) were tested in an eye tracking paradigm with words containing partially nasalized (CVN) and fully nasal (CṼ) vowels. Stimuli were designed to have variable nasalization duration on the vowel, and sometimes include a short nasal consonant word-finally. The main goals were to determine how nasalization duration influences word recognition in an L1 and an L2, and if variations in phonetic details are gradiently or categorically integrated. Results show that L1 listeners gradiently were able to identify the stimuli when they contained mismatching phonetic cues, while L2 listeners display more categorical patterns of recognition. When stimuli do not have conflicting phonetic cues, L1 listeners mostly identify words as CṼ, except when the vowel is not nasalized. For L2 listeners, the pattern was similar, but the rate of stimuli identification as phonological nasal (CṼ) was lower due to L1 transfer. These results support the hypothesis that L1 listeners have phonological representations that include fine-grained phonetic information and that they consider it when recognizing words. On the other hand, L2 listeners who have less experience in the L2 display more categorical recognition patterns, probably because their representations include coarser phonetic information or because they cannot access fine-grained representations, given the cognitive demands of L2 processing. When words do not contain conflicting phonetic cues, patterns of recognition of both L1 and L2 listeners seem more categorical, even though L2 listeners displayed lower rates of identification than L1 listeners overall. This uncertainty can also be due to less detailed phonological representations or to their inability to access all the necessary information to recognize words. Overall, these results suggest that fine-grained phonetic information gradiently impacts word recognition, that it is part of phono-lexical representations, and that L2 processing is qualitatively and quantitatively different from L1 processing.

Orientador: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Eclenirda_M.pdf: 2030321 bytes, checksum: 5c13bb2b2899e5092d830e2fa5cc2045 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar uma descrição fonética e fonológica da língua Mastanawa (pertencente à família linguística Pano). Para isso, o trabalho foi dividido em cinco seções principais: a seção um, parte introdutória, consiste de um relato sobre nosso primeiro contato com a língua Mastanawa, o trabalho de campo e a metodologia usada para a coleta dos dados; a seção dois contém um pequeno histórico sobre o povo Mastanawa, sua localização e alguns aspectos da cultura; as seções três e quatro, a descrição dos sons existentes na língua e a análise fonêmica, respectivamente; e a quinta seção apresenta a sílaba, uma discussão sobre os segmentos ambivalentes j e w, e o acento no Mastanawa. As seções finais são complementares e inclui: uma breve conclusão, as referências bibliográficas e dois apêndices que trazem, respectivamente, um vocabulário básico da língua e mapas de localização geográfica dos Mastanawa / Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to present a phonetic and phonological description of Mastanawa, a language belonging to the Panoan linguistic family. To accomplish this, the work was divided into five main sections. The first section-the introductory part-consists of an account of our first contact with the Mastanawa language, fieldwork and the methodology used for data collection. Section two contains a brief history of the Mastanawa people, where they are located, and some aspects of their culture. Sections three and four contain, respectively, a description of the sounds that exist in the language and a phonemic analysis. And in the fifth section the syllable structure is presented, along with a discussion of the ambivalent segments j and w and the use of accents in written Mastanawa. The final sections are complementary and include a brief conclusion, bibliographical references, and two appendices that list, respectively, a basic vocabulary of the language and maps of the geographic location of the Mastanawa / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

This thesis investigates phonetic and phonological variation in the bilingual repertoire of adolescent Welsh-English bilinguals living in North Wales. It contributes to linguistic research by, firstly, providing an account of language variation in an under-studied area (N. Wales) and context (regional minority language bilingualism) and, secondly, by examining cross-linguistic variation, and the constraints on this variation, in bilingual speech. The two variables under discussion differ in how they are realised in the two languages: /l/ is thought to be heavily velarised in both languages as a result of long-term contact and phonological convergence. Variation in the production of /r/ and realisation of coda /r/ has hitherto been reported as language-specific, though frequent transfer is said to occur from Welsh to English in predominantly Welsh-speaking areas (e.g. Penhallurick 2004: 110; Wells 1982: 390).The first aim of the study is therefore to quantify claims of phonological convergence and transfer in the speech of Welsh-English bilinguals by using a variationist sociolinguistics methodology (e.g. Labov 1966), which also considers the influence of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on variation. Particular attention is paid to differences between a majority Welsh-speaking town and a town where English is the main language. A further distinction is made between those from Welsh-speaking homes and those from English-speaking homes who have acquired Welsh through immersion education. The second aim is to make empirically-informed theoretical claims about the nature of phonological convergence and transfer, and conceptualise cross-linguistic interaction in the speech of Welsh-English bilinguals in light of existing frameworks. Data (sociolinguistic interviews and wordlists) were collected in Welsh and English from 32 Welsh-English bilinguals aged 16-18. The sample was equally stratified in terms of speaker sex, home language, and area. The two towns compared in the study are Caernarfon (N.W. Wales, where c.88% of the population speak Welsh) and Mold (N.E. Wales, where c. 20% Welsh of the population speak Welsh). The results indicate that English [ɫ] tends to be lighter than Welsh [ɫ] in word-initial onset position for females, and in word-medial intervocalic position for both males and females. The data also show linguistic influences on the realisation of [ɫ] in both languages, and differences between males and females. The realisation of coda /r/ and production of [r] and [ɾ] in English are confined to the speech of those from Welsh-speaking homes in Caernarfon. In Welsh, use of [ɹ] is widespread and is constrained by a more complex interaction between area, home language, and sex. On the basis of these findings, I conclude that features which have undergone phonological convergence due to long-term language contact may be subject to language-specific constraints when implemented phonetically. In terms of transfer, I argue for a ternary distinction between interference, transfer, and transfer which is constrained by linguistic and/or extra-linguistic factors (cf. Grosjean 2012). Finally, I suggest that Mufwene’s (2001) notion of the ‘feature pool’ is the most succinct way of conceptualising Welsh-English transfer and differentiate between more focussed accents of English and a less-focussed variety of North Wales Welsh.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die linguistischen Teildisziplinen Phonetik und Phonologie mit der Didaktik des Russischunterrichts zu verknüpfen. In der Arbeit wird ein differenziertes Phoneminventar des Russischen entwickelt, das mithilfe artikulatorisch motivierter distinktiver Merkmale die palatalisierten und nicht palatalisierten Segmente (Phoneme) eindeutig voneinander unterscheidet. Dabei wird die Merkmalsgeometrie als Instrumentarium dahingehend genutzt, um das artikulatorische Merkmal für die Distinktion palatalisierter und nicht palatalisierter Segmente (Phoneme) zu ermitteln. Darüber hinaus wird ein Lösungsvorschlag für die phonologische Einordnung der Affrikaten formuliert. Ziel des didaktischen Teils der Arbeit ist es, ausgewählte thematische Schwerpunkte der Phonetik und Phonologie im Fremdsprachenunterricht Russisch unter Berücksichtigung der Kompetenzorientierung näher zu beleuchten. Dabei wird eine Unterscheidung hinsichtlich der Arbeit an phonetischer und phonologischer Kompetenz vorgenommen. Ein enger Praxisbezug wird dahingehend hergestellt, dass ein mögliches methodisches Vorgehen für die Entwicklung der phonetischen und phonologischen Kompetenz im Russischunterricht aufgezeigt wird.