Thesis (doctoral)--University of Jyväskylä, 1997. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [184]-199).

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2006. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Ross K. Snider. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-102).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Communication Pathology)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 1974. / Includes bibliographical references.

This study investigates upper lip protrusion during selected French utterances as produced by six native French speakers. A photocell, incorporated into a headpiece, was used to transduce upper lip movement into an electrical signal which was then amplified and displayed on a graphic recorder. Utterances included a) VCV utterances; b) utterances containing the consonant clusters /rstr/, /rskr/, /kstr/ and /strstr/; c) utterances containing the segments /i/ and /u/ in sequence or separated, in various combinations, by a consonant and/or word boundary; d) utterances produced with an increasing degree of emphatic stress; and e) utterances produced at an increasing rate. Three aspects of the protrusion gesture are examined: extent of protrusion, velocity, transition time, and the relations between them. Results indicate differences between these three measures for the production of /u/ as compared to /y/, as well as differences when upper lip movement is directed away from target protrusion position as compared to when it is directed toward target protrusion position. Results also indicate how the three measures are affected by the following: insertion of a consonant and/or word boundary between /i/ and /u/ in the /i/-/u/ utterances; increase in level of stress on the syllable containing the rounded vowel /u/; and increase in rate of speaking. This study also includes an attempt to determine onset of protrusion in a consonant cluster followed by a rounded vowel. It is hypothesized that the extent of coarticulation of upper lip protrusion might provide some useful information concerning a discrete unit in terms of which speech may be produced at the articulatory level. Results show that such a unit may be composed of either a VCC...V or CC...V group. The possibility of coarticulation of upper lip protrusion being language-dependent as well as the possibility of coarticulation patterns differing for the upper and lower lip is discussed. Results are also related to various models of speech production although they do not appear to strongly support any one model. / Medicine, Faculty of / Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of / Graduate

This dissertation explores various ways of working with acoustic analyses of speech in music composition. The first chapter presents an overview of whistled languages and discusses their potential to act as blueprints for optimizing phonetic data for compositional use. The second chapter details my workflow for incorporating formant and fundamental frequency analysis data from the phonetics software Praat into my compositional methodology. Broadly inspired by the ways in which whistled utterances transform spoken language, the workflow consists of an analysis phase in Praat followed by the conversion, optimization and orchestration of the extracted phonetic data in the computer-assisted composition environments OpenMusic and bach. Also included in the dissertation are two compositions that are both informed by phonetics. The first composition, ŠÀ {karāz} for large ensemble, contains, among the various ways it attempts to instrumentally imitate speech, a section that is constructed with the help of the workflow described in the second chapter. The second composition, eschaton according to bēl-rē’u-šu for percussion trio, engages in a deconstruction of the established roles of speech and instruments in my music, in which the performers are, at times, asked to imitate the sounds of percussion instruments with their voice, in an attempt to blur the line between speech as “the imitated” and instruments as “the imitators.”

Submitted to Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1988. / This dissertation treats Vowel Raising as a part of Assimilation in Southern Sotho. Assimilation as a concept in any language is a broad concept that includes consonantal and vowel- influences that have been juxtaposed. The influence may be between two vowels in juxtaposition i.e. [i] next to [e] produces [e] . [u] next to [ O 3 or E E 3 also produce the allophones of two vowel phonemes i.e. E C> 3 and EE3 respectively. In short, when close vowels are juxtaposed to open or semi-open vowels, raising will take place. Exceptions may occur sporadically. This study has been treated in eight chapters. (a) CHAPTER ONE Theoretical background and motivation to the study are given. An hypothesis that [ £ 3 and E J3 as allophones are non-semantic, is given. (b) CHAPTER TWO Common Bantu and Ur-Bantu are discussed. The aim is to trace how far they had influenced the development of the present Southern Sotho. Different types of Sotho v/charts are treated. (c) CHAPTER THREE The origin of the Vowel Charts in respect of the IPA is discussed. All what pertains to IPA alphabet and its usage is treated. (d) CHAPTER FOUR The Vowel treatment of I) P Kunene and D T Cole are critically discussed- The two are the great contributors to the study of Vowels in Sotho. (e) CHAPTER FIVE Southern Sotho Vowel chart is made from the research findings. (f) CHAPTER SIX The Concept Assimilation is treated in full. (g) CHAPTER SEVEN Vowel raising as a concept is fully treated. CHAPTER EIGHT i) In order to grasp Vowel Raising correctly an attempt at its codification has been done. This approach has contributed greatly to the. study of Vowel Raising. ii) In conclusion it has been discovered that [e] and Co] are phonemes identical with Cardinal vowels numbers 2 and 7. They are not the allophones of [E] and [a 3 as Kunene argues. / University of Zululand

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