In this study, several synthesis routes were adopted to prepare nanometer sized metal-phosphonate particles to expand their use in the delivery of phosphonate mineral scale inhibitors into formation porous media for oilfield scale control. An aqueous solution of calcium chloride or zinc chloride was mixed with a basic phosphonate solution to form nanometer sized particles. The physical and chemical properties of the fabricated nanomaterials and their solutions have been carefully evaluated. The obtained nanomaterial suspensions were stable for a certain period of time at 70°C in saline solutions. The nanomaterials demonstrated a good migration performance through formation porous media. Transportability was affected by both the flow velocity and the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials as well as the formation medium. The transport of these nanomaterials can be enhanced, when the formation materials were pre-flushed by surfactant solutions. The potential application of the synthesized nanomaterials for scale treatment in oilfields has been investigated by a series of laboratory squeeze simulation tests. The synthesized nanomaterials were injected into formation medium and retained on the medium surfaces. After a shut-in period, the inhibitor nanomaterials slowly released phosphonates into the produced fluid to prevent scale formation. It has been observed that the prepared nanomaterials are able to return phosphonates in a similar return profile as that of the conventional acidic pills. Moreover, the crystalline phase Ca-DTPMP nanomaterials, developed from their amorphous precursors, demonstrate a long term phosphonate return behavior with a stable phosphonate return concentration for an extended period of time. The long term flow back performance of metal-phosphonate nanomaterials can be interpreted by their solubility product in brine solutions.

Phosphorous containing small cycles are very important building blocks in organic and medicinal chemistry. Many of their derivatives, especially cyclopropyl- and 1,2- epoxypropylphosphonates, have attracted great attention due to the broad spectrum of their biological properties including antiviral, anticancer, antibiotic, antibacterial, pesticidal, insecticidal and enzyme inhibitory activities. The Darzens condensation is one of the most potential methodologies for the preperation of &amp / #945 / ,&amp / #946 / -epoxy carbonyl compounds with complete control of two stereogenic centers. The Darzens condensation reaction represents one of the classical C-C and C-O bond-forming processes. In the first part of the thesis, reactions of a broad range of acyl phosphonates with substituted &amp / #945 / -bromo acetophenones at room temperature in the presence of different bases were examined in order to illustrate the reaction and the substituent effect on the reaction. The reaction affords two diastereomeric epoxy phosphonates in good yields and high diastereoselectivities. In the second part of the thesis, it is shown that a variety of radicals can be generated from the substituted aryl boronic acids with Mn(OAc)3. In the presence of acetonitrile, these radicals were added to carbon of acetonitrile to afford the corresponding ketones after hydrolysis of the formed imine with moderate to good yields.

Acyl phosphonates are interesting precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. In the first part, the acyl phosphonates are synthesized starting from the corresponding acyl chloride. The acyl chlorides are converted into acyl phosphonates by using trialkylphosphites. The reaction of acyl phosphonates with aldehydes in the presence of proline furnished not the suggested aldol products via proline catalyzed aldol reaction but bicyclic products via one pot tricomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The formation of the bicyclic compound was suggested as followed / The formation of iminium salt of proline with aldehyde followed by decarboxylation furnished azomethine. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the formed azomethine with carbonyl group of acyl phosphonate afforded substituted hexahydro pyrrolo oxazole structures. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition forms the basis of the most preparatively useful procedures for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. One example is the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides (from imines) and alkenes, which allows the stereoselective synthesis of pyrrolidines or proline derivatives.

No description available.

In der Industrie gibt es für Phosphonate zunehmend mehr Anwendungsgebiete. Genutzt werden sie unter anderem bei der Öl- und Erdgasgewinnung, in der Baustoffindustrie und bei der Trinkwassergewinnung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden aufgrund ihrer Relevanz für die Phosphonate 1-Hydroxyethan-(1,1-diphosphonsäure) HEDP, Amino-tris(methylenphosphon- säure) ATMP, Ethylendiamintetra-(metylenphosphonsäure) EDTMP und Diethylentriamin-penta(methylenphosphonsäure) DTPMP untersucht. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Löslichkeitskonstanten von Calciumphosphonaten zu bestimmen. Die Bildung von Calciumphosphonat-Salzen wurde bei verschiedenen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Mit den gefällten und unterschiedlichen Calciumphosphonaten wurden die Löslichkeitsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Gleichgewichtsproben wurden chemisch analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung dieser Verbindungen als Cax . Ly . nH2O zu ermitteln. Die Daten ermöglichten die Berechnung der Löslichkeitsprodukte der verschiedenen Calciumphosphonat-Salze. Die für die Berechnung notwendigen Dissoziations- und Komplexbildungskonstanten wurden ebenfalls in dieser Arbeit experimentell bestimmt. Hierzu wurde die pH-Potentiometrie angewandt. Die hier ermittelten Werte stimmen gut mit den Literaturwerten überein. Für DTPMP wurden die Stabilitätskonstanten der Ca-Komplexe erstmalig bestimmt. Im Fall von ATMP und EDTMP wurden Konstanten für erweitere Dissoziations- und Komplexbildungmodelle ermittelt.

Ces dernières années, les analogues nucléosidiques ont eu un rôle majeur dans le traitement de maladies virales infectieuses tels le SIDA, les hépatites, l'herpès, la variole ou la grippe. Cependant, l'apparition de nouveaux virus ou de mutations virales ont renforcé la nécessité de développer des antiviraux plus efficaces et plus résistants. L'intensive recherche de dérivés nucléosidiques cliniquement actifs a permis l'émergence d'une multitude de nouvelles approches pour leurs synthèses. Parmi ce panel, les réactions catalysées par des métaux de transition tardifs font certainement partie des méthodes les plus importantes pour accéder à une large gamme de pharmacomodulations. Lors de ce projet de recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés à la conception, la synthèse et la découverte de nouveaux dérivés nucléosidiques en tant qu'antiviraux contre le virus de la variole. Pour ce faire, nous avons ciblé des 1,2,3-triazolo-carbanucléosides en série racémique ou énantiosélective ainsi que des nucléosides phosphonates acycliques. Dans un effort de développement et/ou d'amélioration de leurs méthodes de synthèse, nous avons également étudié la contribution de complexes au ruthénium et au cuivre contenant un carbène Nhétérocyclique (CNH) dans des réactions de métathèse croisée et de cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire de Huisgen. Enfin, en vue d'obtenir des outils efficaces utilisables en synthèse nucléosidique, nous avons développés des nouveaux complexes au palladium portant un ligand CNH et testé leurs réactivités dans des réactions de Narylation de Buchwald-Hartwig et d'hydrogénation d'oléfines.

Konstanz, Univ., Diplomarb., 2004.

Les nucléosides représentent avec plus de 40 composés approuvés la pierre angulaire des chimiothérapies antivirales. Leur émergence progressive depuis maintenant prés de 50 ans a conduit à des progrès considérables dans la lutte contre de nombreuses infections virales comme les herpès, les hépatites ou le SIDA. Néanmoins, l’apparition de résistances et la toxicité intrinsèque des molécules poussent la recherche à développer de nouveaux analogues nucléosidiques plus actifs et plus surs. Dans cette optique, les réactions organo-métallliques sont des outils efficaces pour la synthèse de nouveaux composés à potentiel thérapeutique. Dans cette thèse, les cycloadditions 1,3 dipolaire de Sharpless catalysées au Cu et au Ru et les réactions de métathèse, croisée ou par fermeture de cycle catalysées au Ru, nous ont ainsi permis de synthétiser efficacement trois nouvelles séries d’analogues nucléosidiques modifiés. Enfin, la synthèse d’une nouvelle série de composés hétérocycliques de type oxazolopyrimidine à chaine β-dicétoacide ciblant l’inhibition de l’intégrase du VIH a été initiée, mettant notamment en jeu des réactions de couplage pallado-catalysées. / Nucleosides represent with more than 40 compounds approved the cornerstone of antiviral chemotherapy. Their gradual emergence from now nearly 50 years has led to considerable progress in the fight against many viral infections such as herpes, hepatitis or AIDS. Nevertheless, the emergence of resistance and the molecule inherent toxicity prompt the research to develop new nucleoside analogues with higher activities and safety. In this context, organometallic reactions are effective tools for the synthesis of new compounds with therapeutic potential. In this thesis, the Sharpless Cu and Ru catalyzed 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions and the Ru catalyzed cross and ring closing metathesis allowed us to synthesize efficiently three new series of modified nucleoside analogues. Finally, the synthesis of a new series of oxazolopyrimidine heterocyclic compounds wearing a β-diketoacid chain and targeting the inhibition of HIV integrase has been initiated, using palladium catalyzed coupling.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 naiarapereirabotezine.pdf: 4275081 bytes, checksum: db17d010836f44e175df05ecc2e70c3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O presente trabalho descreve a síntese e caracterização de cinco compostos envolvendo os ligantes fosfonatos ácido metilenodifosfônico (mdp) e o ácido iminodimetilfosfônico (idmp), e o íons Eu3+, Tb3+ e Gd3+. Para todos os compostos foi utilizada a mesma proporção, 3:1, ligante/metal. Quatro deles estão sob a forma de pó e foram caracterizados por espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho e Raman, análise elementar de CHN e análise térmica (TG). O compostos (4), [Eu(idmp)H2O], com o ligante ácido iminodimetilfosfônico cristalizou-se e sua estrutura foi determinada através de difração de raios X por monocristal. Sua estrutura pertence ao sistema cristalino trigonal, grupo espacial R-3c, apresentando fórmula molecular mínima [C2H9Eu0.33NO7P2]. O sítio de Eu3+ apresenta geometria octaédrica e a esfera de coordenação é composta por seis ligantes idmp contendo um átomo de oxigênio do grupo fosfonato protonado e o átomo de nitrogênio duplamente protonado, resultando em uma carga negativa e uma proporção (1Eu3+:3idmp-). Dos quatro compostos, um apenas o (5) foi obtido com o ligante mdp e as análises sugerem que ele possui fórmula mínima [Eu2(mdp)3(H2O)3].5H2O. Os outros três, (1), (2a) e (3), tem como fórmulas mínimas sugeridas pelas análises [Eu(idmp)], [Eu3(idmp)6(H2O)2] e [Eu2(idmp)3].3H2O, respectivamente. Todos os compostos foram sintetizados utilizando o mesmo íon metálico, porém as análises mostram que suas fórmulas mínimas são diferentes. Sendo assim, possivelmente suas formas de coordenação também o são. Para o composto (2a), foram também sintetizados seus análogos variando o íon metálico para Tb3+ (2b) e Gd3+ (2c) e com essas amostras foi feito o estudo da fotoluminescência. Os espectros de excitação e emissão indicaram que para o composto de Eu3+ a excitação direta no comprimento de onda referente à absorção do ligante é mais eficiente que a excitação direta no metal, caracterizando a sensibilização do lantanídeo. Já para o composto de Tb3+ a excitação direta no comprimento de onda referente ao comprimento de onda de absorção do ligante não foi eficiente. Também foram obtidos espectros de excitação e emissão para os compostos (3) e (5), porém não houve tempo hábil para a caracterização dos mesmos compostos com o íon metálico Gd3+, sendo assim o estudo da luminescência para estes compostos não pode ser concluído. / The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of five compounds involving the ligands phosphonates methylenediphosphonic acid (mdp) and iminodi(methylphosphonic acid) (idmp) and Eu3+, Tb3+ and Gd3+ ions. For all compounds, the same proportion, 3:1 ligand/metal was used. Four of them are in powder form and were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared and Raman spectra, elemental analysis CHN and thermical analysis. One of the compounds, (4) using iminodimetilfosfônico acid has crystallized and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure belongs to the trigonal crystal system, space group R-3c, with molecular formula [C2H9Eu0.33NO7P2]. The Eu3+ site presents octahedral geometry and the coordination sphere involves six idmp ligands containing a protonated oxygen atom from the phosphonate group and a doubly protonated nitrogen atom, resulting in a negative charge and a proportion (1Eu3+: 3idmp-). The (5) was obtained using the mdp ligand and the analyses suggest the molecular formula [Eu2(mdp)3(H2O)3].5H2O. Compounds (1), (2a) and (3) showed minimal formulas [Eu(idmp)], [Eu3(idmp)6(H2O)2] and [Eu2(idmp)3].3H2O, respectively, suggested by analysis. All compounds were synthesized using the same metal ion. However, all analyses indicate different minimal formulas and possibly different coordination modes as well. (2a) analogs, varying the metal ion were synthesized using Tb3+ (2b) and Gd3+ (2c). The luminescence study of these samples was performed. Excitation and emission spectra have showed that for the Eu3+ compound, excitation at the ligand wavelength is more effective than direct excitation at the metal ion, indicating the lanthanide sensitization. For the Tb3+ compound direct excitation at the ligand wavelength was not efficient. Excitation and emission spectra were obtained for compounds (3) and (5). However, there was no time for the characterization of these compounds with the Gd3+ ion, so the study of luminescence for these compounds cannot be completed.

Depuis une trentaine d'année, l'obtention de composés chiraux énantiopurs tient un rôle prépondérant dans la synthèse de molécules biologiquement actives, tout particulièrement dans les domaines de la pharmacie de l'agrochimie et de la parfumerie. Cet engouement pour la synthèse énantiosélective a conduit à la mise au point de multiples ligands chiraux et notamment les diphosphines chirales par atropoisomérie initiées par les travaux de Noyori et Takaya. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse de nouveaux ligands hétérocycliques bidents et chiraux par atropoisomérie par des voies de synthèse originale où une double construction des hétérocycles sera mise en œuvre dans l'étape clé. En parallèle, nous avons aussi développé une approche de synthèse permettant l'obtention de mono et bis phosphonates atropochiraux utilisant des allènes comme précurseurs de la synthèse. / Atropisomeric diphosphine ligands play a crucial role in the synthesis of enantiopur molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and flavors industries. Growing demand in asymmetric synthesis, impose to develop news ligands by rapid, economic and effective strategies of synthesis. This optically pure ligand was combined with multiples transition metal to form catalyst what will have used wide variety of entioselective reaction type.Over the past few years, a new family of ligands has emerged, possessing biheterocyclic skeleton and thus allowing the introduction of different steric and electronic interactions. We will report a efficient syntheses of the new atropisomeric five-membered heterocyclic diphosphines with original strategy of synthesis whose the main stages consist in a double heterocyclic construction. In the second part, we will develop an approach permitting to obtain atropochiral phosphonates with a similar strategy of synthesis from allenylphosphine oxides or allenylphosphonates as precursors.