Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / While the history of photographic color technology has been adequately discussed by E.J. Hall, Joseph Friedman, and Brian Coe, the relationship between complex tri-color systems and generalized use of color photography has not been addressed in the Literature. This investigation is a preliminary study, in survey form, of the wide variety of social, economic, technological, and aesthetic factors affecting the protracted acceptance of color as a means of depiction. In separate analyses covering, 1) 19th century color innovation and interest, 2) Specific impediments related to the delay of color, 3) The selling of color during the 1930's and 40's, 4) The biases against color, 5) The precedents set by black and white rendering , and 6) The problems of resolving an accessible negative/positive color technology, we will describe the sequence of events which contributed to the eventual adoption of color materials and outline the conditions tied to this adoption. A fundamental aspect of this research acknowledges that, while photography was invented in 1839, large scale acceptance and use of color did not occur until 1965 - a full 126 years after the inception of black and white materials. The complex of factors related to this neglect of color has not been the subject of scholarly analysis in the Literature; there is not firm legacy of serious color photography and this couples with the absence of historical inquiry into the aesthetic and social aspects of color's evolution. The important invention of photography has provided us with a predominantly black and white record of things and events since 1839; this thesis, then, is an inquiry into the evolution of a technology and the complex of issues related to the cultural lags attached to most technological innovations. / by Stephen R. Milanowski. / M.S.

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1826 is the date attributed to the very first known photograph, Nicephore Niepce's "View from the Window at Gras." For traditional historians of photography this date marks the moment when the genius of man was finally able to merge the knowledge of chemistry with that of optics to create the most amazing technology of visual representation. However, those same historians recognize that the two essential components of photography---the camera and the properties of silver halides---had been known for centuries before the first photograph was ever taken. / This thesis explores two fundamental questions: Why wasn't photography invented soon after its major technological components were discovered c. 1650? And why was it invented in the early decades of the nineteenth century c. 1830? This gap of some 200 years separating the feasibility of photography from its actualization has remained largely unexplained. / The answers to both questions is found by situating the genealogy of the invention of photography within the development of the Western philosophy of vision. The fact that photography was invented at the junction of the Classical and Modern epistemes offers a unique opportunity to approach the history of photography from the perspective of the history of thought. Hence this thesis takes its inspiration from the work of Michel Foucault and some of his followers---in particular Jonathan Crary and Geoffrey Batchen. The result of this radical shift from the technical to the intellectual environment allows the history of photography to transcend the narrow confines of technology and formal appearances. From a Foucauldian perspective I argue that photography was invented as a response to the epistemic instability experienced during the transition from the Enlightenment to Modernity.

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published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

The dissertation examines how image-making, a common pastime, was made common. It investigates the ways in which the production and consumption of images in the context of the North American family contributed to the development of a distinctly domestic and privatized visual culture, and the transformation of the home into a site for privatized spectatorship. / Four cultural forms (No. 1 Kodak, Box Brownie, Cine Kodak and Cine Kodak 8) are specified in this development, all pioneered by the Eastman Kodak Company. The dissertation traces Eastman Kodak's direct involvement in the popularization of image practices. It analyzes strategies used by them to make this possible, namely an appeal to the becoming lifestyles of the bourgeois and middle-classes. / The analysis links the popularization of image-making and consuming practices to other popular amusements (i.e. cycling, cinema-going) to work against an artifact-centred analysis. Issues of gender and generation are critically evaluated as concepts used to instill image-making as a popular, family practice. Shifts in modern temporal and spatial experience, as well as mobility are also explored in relation to popular image-making.

Orientador: Fernando Cury de Tacca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T06:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dobranszky_DianadeAbreu_M.pdf: 10503370 bytes, checksum: c254e6cff78fe2c7e2bb5c476b010897 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Através da câmara obscura, a fotografia herdou características vindas da pintura quanto a representação tanto em termos estéticos como em relação aos conceitos de realismo. Ao mesmo tempo, seu mecanismo de funcionamento gerou discussões ao longo do tempo sobre sua verosimilhança e sobre sua peculiar ligação com o visível. O que destaca-se na imagem fotográfica é a presença do referente necessariamente real, como coloca Roland Barthes. Essa sua condição de ligação com o real evidencia sua natureza diferenciada com relação as demais formas artísticas e, com isso, oferece-lhe novos recursos plásticos que influenciaram a arte principalmente no século XX, da mesma forma como foi influenciada por ela. Essa pesquisa tem como foco principal o referente fotográfico que oferece-nos questões e discussões quanto a natureza da imagem fotográfica; que nos orienta no estudo de diferentes momentos da história da fotografia e que, por causa do experimentalismo na fotografia autoral, apresenta-se de inúmeras formas - o que aqui será ilustrado nas obras criadas em fins do século XX por seis fotógrafos brasileiros / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

Orientadores: Fernando Cury de Tacca, Geoffrey Batchen / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dobranszky_DianadeAbreu_D.pdf: 17151156 bytes, checksum: 1a279a259cd47f6832cb027f6f878b7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O Departamento de Fotografia do Museum of Modern Art de Nova York foi fundado em 1940 e seu primeiro curador foi Beaumont Newhall. Através de exposições e aquisições ele e sua esposa Nancy - que o substituiu nos anos em que ele serviu nas forças armadas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial - estruturaram esse que foi o primeiro Departamento de Fotografia independente em um museu de arte. A importância do fato está no apoio institucional que o meio fotográfico recebeu e que possibilitou o reconhecimento da fotografia como arte. Ao mesmo tempo, pouco antes de ser indicado curador, Beaumont organizou a exposição Photography 1839-1937, cujo catálogo transformou-se no conhecido livro The History of Photography. O processo que levou ao Departamento assim como o trabalho desenvolvido pelos Newhall no MoMA entre 1940 e 1946 é tema de nossa pesquisa / Abstract: The Photography Department of the Museum of Modern Art (New York) was created in 1940, and its first curator was Beaumont Newhall. With exhibitions and acquisitions he and his wife Nancy, who replaced him while he served the Navy during the World War I, structured this that was the first independent Photography Department in an art museum. The importance of this fact lies in the institutional support that established photography as an art form. At the same time, shortly before Beaumont was appointed curator he assembled the Photography 1839-1937 exhibition. Its catalogue evolved into the seminal book History of Photography. The process that led to the Department as well as the work developed by the Newhalls at the MoMA between 1940 and 1946 is the subject of this study / Doutorado / Doutor em Multimeios