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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Métodos para implementação da dosimetria in vivo (dose de entrada) com dosímetros termoluminescentes na radioterapia externa com feixe de fótons

BARSANELLI, CRISTIANE 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
12

Caracterização das propriedades dosimétricas de diodos de silício empregados em radioterapia com feixe de fótons / Dosimetric properties characterization of silicon diodes used in photon beam radiotherapy

BIZETTO, CESAR A. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
13

Métodos para implementação da dosimetria in vivo (dose de entrada) com dosímetros termoluminescentes na radioterapia externa com feixe de fótons

BARSANELLI, CRISTIANE 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho, estão descritos os métodos de seleção, calibração e de determinação dos fatores de correção, as características físicas dos dosímetros termoluminescentes, o procedimento de cálculo para converter a leitura do dosímetro em dose absorvida e a metodologia para se determinar a dose de entrada. Foram investigadas a praticidade e a utilidade das medidas de dose de entrada com os dosímetros termoluminescentes, bem como a exatidão e a reprodutibilidade no fornecimento da dose diária. As medidas de dose de entrada foram realizadas em cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama tratadas com um feixe de fótons de 6 MV. Não foram detectados grandes desvios entre a dose medida e a dose esperada (os valores concordaram em ± 5%), devido à excelente estabilidade do equipamento de tratamento, ao sistema automático de verificação e à boa exatidão no ajuste diário do tratamento. Uma boa precisão pode ser alcançada quando os fatores de correção para cada parâmetro de influência na resposta do dosímetro são cuidadosamente determinados e aplicados para converter o sinal termoluminescente em dose absorvida. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade do uso dos dosímetros termoluminescentes para a dosimetria in vivo e sua utilidade como parte de um programa de garantia de qualidade em um serviço de radioterapia. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
14

Caracterização das propriedades dosimétricas de diodos de silício empregados em radioterapia com feixe de fótons / Dosimetric properties characterization of silicon diodes used in photon beam radiotherapy

BIZETTO, CESAR A. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / No presente trabalho foi estudada a resposta de diodos epitaxiais (EPI) e fusão zonal (FZ) como dosímetros on-line em tratamentos radioterápicos com feixe de fótons na faixa de megavoltagem (diodo tipo EPI)e ortovoltagem (diodos tipo EPI e FZ). Para serem usados como dosímetros os diodos foram encapsulados em sondas de polimetilmetacrilato preto (PMMA). Para as medidas da fotocorrente os dispositivos foram conectados a um eletrômetro Keithley® 6517B no modo fotovoltaico. As irradiações foram feitas com feixes de fótons de 6 e 18 MV (acelerador Siemens Primus®),6 e 15 MV (acelerador Novalis TX®) e 10, 25, 30 e 50 kV de um equipamento de Radiação X Pantak/Seifert. Nas medidas com o acelerador Siemens Primus® os diodos foram posicionados entre placas de PMMA a uma profundidade de 10,0 cm e com o acelerador Novalis TX® mantidos entre placas de água sólida a uma profundidade de 5cm. Em ambos os casos, os diodos foram centralizados em campos de radiação de 10 × 10 cm2, com distância fonte superfície (DFS) mantida fixa em 100 cm. Para as medidas com os feixes de fótons deortovoltagem os diodos foram posicionados a 50 cm do tubo em um campo de radiação circular de 8 cm de diâmetro. A linearidade com a taxa de dose foi avaliada para as energias de 6 e 15MV do acelerador Novalis TX® variando-se a taxa de dose de 100 a 600 unidades monitoras por minuto e para o feixe de 50 kV variando-se a corrente do tubo de 2 a 20 mA. Todos os dispositivos apresentaram respostas lineares com a taxa de dose e dentro das incertezas, independência da carga com a mesma. Os sinais de corrente mostraram boa repetibilidade, caracterizada por coeficientes de variação em corrente (CV) inferiores a 1,14%(megavoltagem) e 0,15%(ortovoltagem) e em carga menores que 1,84% (megavoltagem) e 1,67% (ortovoltagem). Foram obtidas curvas dose-resposta lineares com coeficientes de correlação linear melhores que 0,9999 para todos os diodos. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
15

NMR studies of bacterial light-harvesting complexes

Conroy, Matthew James January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
16

Métodos para implementação da dosimetria in vivo (dose de entrada) com dosímetros termoluminescentes na radioterapia externa com feixe de fóton / Methods for implementation of in vivo dosimetry (entrance dose) using thermoluminescent dosimeters during radiotherapy treatment with photon beam

Barsanelli, Cristiane 23 November 2006 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estão descritos os métodos de seleção, calibração e de determinação dos fatores de correção, as características físicas dos dosímetros termoluminescentes, o procedimento de cálculo para converter a leitura do dosímetro em dose absorvida e a metodologia para se determinar a dose de entrada. Foram investigadas a praticidade e a utilidade das medidas de dose de entrada com os dosímetros termoluminescentes, bem como a exatidão e a reprodutibilidade no fornecimento da dose diária. As medidas de dose de entrada foram realizadas em cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama tratadas com um feixe de fótons de 6 MV. Não foram detectados grandes desvios entre a dose medida e a dose esperada (os valores concordaram em ± 5%), devido à excelente estabilidade do equipamento de tratamento, ao sistema automático de verificação e à boa exatidão no ajuste diário do tratamento. Uma boa precisão pode ser alcançada quando os fatores de correção para cada parâmetro de influência na resposta do dosímetro são cuidadosamente determinados e aplicados para converter o sinal termoluminescente em dose absorvida. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade do uso dos dosímetros termoluminescentes para a dosimetria in vivo e sua utilidade como parte de um programa de garantia de qualidade em um serviço de radioterapia. / Selection, calibration procedure to convert TLD signal into absorbed dose and physical characteristics at the thermoluminescent dosimeters, as well as the determination of correction factors and the methodology to determine expected entrance dose, are described in this work. Practical aspects and the utility of entrance dose measures with thermoluminescent dosimeters were investigated, as well as the exactness and the reproducibility of the daily dose release. The entrance dose measures were performed in five patients with diagnosis of breast cancer treated with a 6 MV photon beam. The measured dose and the expected dose values agreed in ± 5%, due to excellent treatment equipment stability, to automatic verification system and the good exactness in the daily treatment adjustment. Good precision can be achieved when the correction factors for each parameter of influence in the dosimeter response are carefully determined and applied to convert the thermoluminescent signal into absorbed dose. The study demonstrates the viability of thermoluminescent dosimeters use for in vivo dosimetry and its utility as part of a quality assurance program in a radiation therapy service.
17

Métodos para implementação da dosimetria in vivo (dose de entrada) com dosímetros termoluminescentes na radioterapia externa com feixe de fóton / Methods for implementation of in vivo dosimetry (entrance dose) using thermoluminescent dosimeters during radiotherapy treatment with photon beam

Cristiane Barsanelli 23 November 2006 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estão descritos os métodos de seleção, calibração e de determinação dos fatores de correção, as características físicas dos dosímetros termoluminescentes, o procedimento de cálculo para converter a leitura do dosímetro em dose absorvida e a metodologia para se determinar a dose de entrada. Foram investigadas a praticidade e a utilidade das medidas de dose de entrada com os dosímetros termoluminescentes, bem como a exatidão e a reprodutibilidade no fornecimento da dose diária. As medidas de dose de entrada foram realizadas em cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama tratadas com um feixe de fótons de 6 MV. Não foram detectados grandes desvios entre a dose medida e a dose esperada (os valores concordaram em ± 5%), devido à excelente estabilidade do equipamento de tratamento, ao sistema automático de verificação e à boa exatidão no ajuste diário do tratamento. Uma boa precisão pode ser alcançada quando os fatores de correção para cada parâmetro de influência na resposta do dosímetro são cuidadosamente determinados e aplicados para converter o sinal termoluminescente em dose absorvida. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade do uso dos dosímetros termoluminescentes para a dosimetria in vivo e sua utilidade como parte de um programa de garantia de qualidade em um serviço de radioterapia. / Selection, calibration procedure to convert TLD signal into absorbed dose and physical characteristics at the thermoluminescent dosimeters, as well as the determination of correction factors and the methodology to determine expected entrance dose, are described in this work. Practical aspects and the utility of entrance dose measures with thermoluminescent dosimeters were investigated, as well as the exactness and the reproducibility of the daily dose release. The entrance dose measures were performed in five patients with diagnosis of breast cancer treated with a 6 MV photon beam. The measured dose and the expected dose values agreed in ± 5%, due to excellent treatment equipment stability, to automatic verification system and the good exactness in the daily treatment adjustment. Good precision can be achieved when the correction factors for each parameter of influence in the dosimeter response are carefully determined and applied to convert the thermoluminescent signal into absorbed dose. The study demonstrates the viability of thermoluminescent dosimeters use for in vivo dosimetry and its utility as part of a quality assurance program in a radiation therapy service.
18

Study of novel techniques for verification imaging and patient dose reconstruction in external beam radiation therapy

Jarry, Geneviève. January 2006 (has links)
Treatment delivery verification is an essential step of radiotherapy. The purpose of this thesis is to develop new methods to improve the verification of photon and electron beam radiotherapy treatments. This is achieved through developing and testing (1) a way to acquire portal images during electron beam treatments, (2) a method to reconstruct the dose delivered to patients during photon beam treatments and (3) a technique to improve image quality in kilovoltage (kV) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) by correcting for scattered radiation. The portal images were acquired using the Varian CL21EX linac and the Varian aS500 electronic portal imaging device (EPID). The EGSnrc code was used to model fully the CL21EX, the aS500 and the kV CBCT system. / We demonstrate that portal images of electron beam treatments with adequate contrast and resolution can be produced using the bremsstrahlung photons portion of the electron beam. Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were used to characterize the bremsstrahlung photons and to obtain predicted images of various phantoms. The technique was applied on a head and neck patient. / An algorithm to reconstruct the dose given to patients during photon beam radiotherapy was developed and validated. The algorithm uses portal images and MC simulations. The primary fluence at the detector is back-projected through the patient. CT geometry to obtain a reconstructed phase space file. The reconstructed phase space file is used to calculate the reconstructed dose to the patient using MC simulations. The reconstruction method was validated in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms for conventional and IMRT fields. / The scattered radiation present in kV CBCT images was evaluated using MC simulations. Simulated predictions of the scatter distribution were subtracted from CBCT projection images prior to the reconstruction to improve the reconstructed image quality. Reducing the scattered radiation was found to improve contrast and reduce shading artifacts. / MC simulations, in combination with experimental techniques, have been shown to be valuable tools in the development of treatment verification methods. The three novel methods presented in this thesis contribute to the improvement of radiotherapy treatment verification. They can potentially improve treatment outcome by ensuring a better target coverage.
19

Development of improved radiation therapy techniques using narrow scanned photon beams

Andreassen, Björn January 2010 (has links)
The present thesis is focused on the development and application of narrow scanned high energy photon beam for radiation therapy. The introduction of physically and biologically optimized intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) requires a flexible and accurate dose delivery method to maximize the treatment outcome. Narrow scanned photon beams is a fast option for IMRT since it is not dependent on mechanically moving heavy collimator leafs and largely independent of the complexity of the desired dose distribution. Scanned photon beams can be produced by scanning an electron beam of low emittance, incident on a thin bremsstrahlung target of low atomic number. The large fraction of high energy electrons that are transmitted through the target has to be removed by a strong purging magnet. In the thesis a strong purging magnet, coupled with a magnetic scanning magnet, is presented for an intrinsic electron energy of 50 - 75 MeV and a source to isocenter distance of 75 cm. The available scan area at isocenter can be as large as 43 x 40 cm2 for an incident electron energy of 50 MeV and 28 x 40 cm2 at 75 MeV. By modifying the existing treatment head of the racetrack microtron MM50, it was possible to experimentally produce relevant dose distributions with interesting properties from 50 MV scanned narrow photon beams while deflecting the transmitted electrons onto a simplified electron stopper. The deflection of the transmitted electrons was studied both experimentally and by the Monte Carlo method. With high energy photons, treatment verification is possible through PET-CT imaging of the positron annihilations induced by photonuclear reactions in the patient. Narrow scanned high energy photon beams is the ideal beam quality since the activation efficiency and the effective photon energy will be more uniform than the filtered photon beam from a full range bremsstrahlung target. The induced 11C activity 50 MV by scanned narrow photon beams was measured using PET-CT imaging and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The combination of fast flexible dose delivery with treatment verification using PET-CT imaging makes narrow high energy scanned photon beams a very interesting treatment modality for biologically optimized adaptive radiation therapy. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted.
20

Analysis of lepton contamination in high energy x-ray beams

Damrongkijudom, Nyanpen. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 212-216.

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