Monovalent coinage metal complexes have been of significant interest due to their rich photophysical properties. This dissertation focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of gold, silver, and copper phosphors. Chapter 2 investigates new physical and photophysical properties of a gold diphosphine dimer in the solid state. Thermally activated luminescence switching between two structural states is discussed. Chapter 3 includes the photochemistry of closed shell group 11 transition metals with dithiophosphonate and diphosphine ligands as heteroleptic, homoleptic and heterometallic systems. Chapter 4 reports the synthesis and characterization of a cyclic trinuclear gold imidazolate complex with high electron dentistry and π- base properties. The trinuclear gold (I) complexes reactivity with silver(I) and sodium cations is explored. The photochemistry of all complexes are screened for efficiency, emission profiles and lifetimes as potential materials to be used in OLEDs and other molecular devices.

Orientador: Teresa Dib Zambon Atvars / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingues_RaquelAparecida_M.pdf: 1599612 bytes, checksum: b710d9814a71aec9cae5259eb3092887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo de processos de relaxações em redes poliméricas obtidas a partir de poli(dimetilsiloxano-co-metilhidrogêniosiloxano) dimetilsililhidrogênio terminal (PDHS) e o poli(dimetilsiloxano-co-metilvinilsiloxano) dimetilvinil terminal (PDVS) por reação de hidrossililação, utilizando-se a espectroscopia de fluorescência em uma ampla faixa de temperaturas (de 20 a 400 K). Estes processos de relaxações foram comparados com outros métodos de análises térmicas como calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) e análise dinâmico mecânica (DMA). A temperatura de transição vítrea foi mais facilmente visualizada pela técnica de fluorescência que por DSC e foi compatível com o resultado obtido por DMA. Os filmes de silicona também foram caracterizados por espectro infravermelho (FTIR) e termogravimetria (TGA). Como as siliconas não são intrinsicamente fluorescentes, duas estratégias foram utilizadas para a inserção da sonda no filme: a primeira envolveu dispersão física de uma molécula fluorescente nas redes poliméricas, e na segunda foi incorporado um grupo fluorescente na cadeia lateral da silicona concomitantemente à obtenção das redes poliméricas também por reação de hidrossililação. Nesse último caso, o grupo fluorescente foi covalentemente ligado à cadeia polimérica. Os estudos do sinal de fluorescência em função da temperatura foram analisados utilizando-se modelos cinéticos para a desativação não-radiativa das moléculas fluorescentes. Incorporou-se também as sondas fluorescente (9-vinil antraceno e 9-vinil carbazol) na cadeia do PDHS linear por reação de hidrossililação, sem a presença do PDVS, para que fosse possível a obtenção de um fluído de silicona fluorescente. Neste caso, utilizou-se a relação 1:1 em termos de Si-H (grupo reativo do PDHS) e CH2=CH2 (grupo reativo do material fluorescente) para que o novo material pudesse ser caracterizado por RMN e FTIR, e a proporção de 1:1x10 de Si-H:CH2=CH2 para que o material fluido pudesse ser caracterizado por espectroscopia de fluorescência / Abstract: The aim of this research work was the study of relaxation processes in siloxane polymeric network obtained from poli(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhidrogensiloxane) dimethylsilihidrogen terminal (PDHS) and poli(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylvinylsiloxane) dimethylvinyl terminal (PDVS) by hydrosilylation reaction, using fluorescence spectroscopy in a range of temperature from 20 to 400 K. The results of these relaxation processes were compared with those of thermal analysis methods as the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The glass transition temperature was easier demonstrated using fluorescence spectroscopy than using DSC and compatible with the result obtained from DMA. The siloxane films were characterized using also infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (TGA). The silicones are not intrinsically fluorescent, so two strategies were used to insert a fluorescent probe in the siloxane film: the first involved a physical dispersion of fluorescent probe in the network, and in the second were incorporated fluorescent groups in the lateral chain of siloxane, concurrently the web formation, by hidrosilylation reaction too. In this last case, fluorescent probe was covalently bonded to polymeric chain. The fluorescence in function of the temperature signal studies was analyzed using a non radioactive deactivation of fluorescents molecules kinetic model. PDHS was reacted with vinyl fluorescents probes without PDVS, to be possible to obtain a fluorescent fluid of siloxane. In this case, was used the relation of 1:1 in terms of Si-H (PDHS reactive group) and CH2=CH2 (fluorescent material reactive groups) to be possible characterize the new material using RMN and FTIR, and the proportion of 1:1x10 of Si-H:CH2=CH2 to be possible characterize using fluorescence spectroscopy / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Teresa Dib Zambon Atvars / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T12:38:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingues_RaquelAparecida_D.pdf: 6835134 bytes, checksum: cb024bd183c16c1ab7db85bee2dd72dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades fotofísicas de dois derivados de polifluoreno, F8BT e PFO-MEHPPV, visando determinar a influência de substratos sobre as mesmas. Os materiais na forma de filme foram depositados por spin coating em substrato de vidro e de vidro recoberto com ITO, sendo que as espessuras variaram de 50 nm a 600 nm, além de um filme preparado por casting com espessura de 50 ?m. As propriedades fotofísicas estudadas foram: os espectros de emissão, a largura à meia altura (FWHM) dos espectros, a posição do máximo de emissão da banda 0-0 em função da temperatura e a progressão vibrônica dos espectros de emissão. Para ambos os polímeros e dentro da faixa de espessura estudada foi verificado que a diminuição na espessura do filme causa também uma diminuição na temperatura de transição vítrea, sendo que abaixo de 450 nm o filme fino apresenta desvios de comportamento de bulk. O tipo de substrato não influenciou nas temperaturas de relaxação. Foi possível dividir os filmes de F8BT em dois grupos: espessuras de 52-185 nm que induzem maiores alargamentos inomogêneos e, portanto possuem ambientes cibotáticos heterogêneos para os fluoróforos inseridos na matriz; e espessuras maiores que 450 nm que possuem Tg maiores e menores alargamentos inomogêneos com ambientes mais homogêneos ao longo da matriz. Para o PFO-MEHPPV temos a relação que quanto maior a espessura, maior a Tg e maior o alargamento inomogêneo. Filmes mais espessos de PFO-MEHPPV encontram-se localmente menos organizados, e diferentemente do observado para os filmes de F8BT, o substrato estaria favorecendo algum grau de organização nos filmes em relação ao bulk. Medidas de tempo de vida de fluorescência foram utilizadas para estudar as interações nas interfaces do polímero orgânico com ITO e alumínio. A camada de alumínio foi considerada supressora para as diversas espessuras estudadas, e esta supressão foi atribuída aos processos de interferência, transferência de energia para o eletrodo metálico e difusão excitônica. O processo de interferência foi determinado através de modelo existente na literatura e sua menor contribuição ocorre em espessuras menores, nas quais os processos de transferência de energia são importantes. Com isso, foi possível concluir, a partir de todos os dados fotofísicos obtidos, que para espessuras acima de 450 nm os filmes deixam de ter comportamento de filme fino / Abstract: In this work, the influence of substrate on the photophysical properties of two polyfluorene derivatives, F8BT and PFO-MEHPPV was studied. The films were prepared by spin-coating solutions of the polymers, using glass and ITO coated glass as the substrates. The thickness was varied from 50 nm to 600 nm. A cast film with a thickness of 50 ìm was also prepared using both polymers. The photophysical properties of the two polyfluorene derivatives, F8BT and PFO-MEHPPV were studied using their emission spectra, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectra, the temperature dependence of the peak position of the 0-0 emission band and the vibronic progression of the emission spectra. For both polymers, F8BT and PFO-MEHPPV, as the film thickness decreased the glass transition temperature decreased. Below a film thickness of 450 nm, a deviation from bulk behavior was observed. It is also importante note that the substrate type did not affect the relaxation temperature. It was possible to classify the F8BT films into two groups. Those with thicknesses between 52 nm to 185 nm have shown greater inhomogeneous broadening and very heterogeneous cybotatic environments for the fluorophores, while those with film thicknesses greater than 450 nm have shown higher Tg values which induce lower inhomogeneous broadening. PFO-MEHPPV also has shown a similar trend. As the thickness of the film increased, a higher Tg was observed. However, thicker films of PFO-MEHPPV were observed to be less locally organized, in contrast to the F8BT films of the same thickness. This might be due to the substrate, which would favor some degree of organization in the films in comparison to the bulk material. Time-resolved PL measurements have also been used to characterize the interface interactions between the polymer film and ITO (polymer/ITO) or aluminum (polymer/aluminum). The aluminum layer acted as a quencher through an interference effect, energy transfer to the metal and excitonic diffusion. The interference effect was determined by using a model described in the literature however, it has a minimal effect in thinner films. The evidence gained from the photophysical measurements indicates that these films with thicknesses above 450 nm do not show thin film behavior / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutora em Ciências

Orientador: Teresa Dib Zambon Atvars / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T18:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_TatianaDuque_D.pdf: 2747473 bytes, checksum: 159c91a5fa62b3bf93683e4886562cd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutor em Ciências

About 85% of the world’s energy is derived from non-renewable sources—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Solar photocatalysis is one way to potentially generate renewable fuels. Zinc dipyrrin complexes have the potential to be efficient sensitizers for reductive photochemistry, but their ability to form long-lived triplet excited states needs further investigation. The overall aim of this research is to compare the photophysical properties zinc and boron dipyrrin complexes and investigate the role of the charge separated state in triplet state formation. This presentation will describe the synthesis and purification of zinc and boron dipyrrin complexes and their photophysical characterization, including fluorescence quantum yields in a series of solvents and their emission at low temperatures.

The discovery of any new technology is usually accompanied by a need for new or improved materials which make that technology useful in practical applications. In the case of two-photon absorption (2PA) this has truly been the case. Since its first demonstration in 1961, there has been an ever increasing quest to understand the relationships between two-photon absorption and the structure of two-photon absorbing materials. This quest has been motivated by the many applications for 2PA which have been reported, including fluorescence bioimaging, 3D microfabrication, 3D optical data storage, upconverted lasing, and photodynamic therapy. The work presented in this dissertation represents another step in the effort to better understand the structure/property relationships of 2PA. In this work a new, squaraine-fluorenesquaraine molecule, proposed through a joint effort of quantum and synthetic chemists, was synthesized and its photophysical properties were measured. The measurements included linear and two-photon photophysical properties, as well as solvatochromic behavior. Quantum calculations were done to aid in understanding those photophysical and solvatochromic properties. A single squaraine dye was also synthesized and used as a model compound to assist in understanding this new structure. In Chapter 1 an introduction to 2PA and several of its applications is given. Chapter 2 gives a background of 2PA structure/property relationships that have been reported to date, based on work done with polymethine dyes. Chapter 3 gives a full account of the synthesis, characterization, and detailed quantum chemical analyses of this new squaraine-fluorenesquaraine molecule and the corresponding model compound squaraine dye. Chapter 4 gives some additional work and suggested future directions.

No description available.

A síntese, caracterização e propriedades fotofísicas e fotoquímicas de uma série de meso-(fenilpiridil)porfirinas, com n substituintes fenila e 4-n substituintes piridina (n = 1 a 4), e as respectivas espécies supermoleculares obtidas pela coordenação de complexos [Ru(2,2\'-bipy)2Cl]+ aos nitrogênios piridínicos, são descritos. Os resultados dos estudos espectroscópicos e eletroquímicos foram consistentes com as estruturas propostas. Foi constatada a ocorrência de processo de transferência de energia do estado MLCT3 dos complexos periféricos para o estado singlete da porfirina em vidro de etanol, e para o estado triplete a 25°C. Esses resultados sugerem que o estado excitado MLCT3 está energeticamente acima do estado S1, a 77 K, e existe uma interação eletrônica significativa entre os complexos de rutênio e o anel porfirínico. A temperatura ambiente, a transferência de energia para o estado singlete da porfirina é ineficiente devido a rápida desativação não radiativa do estado MLCT3. Esse fato foi confirmado pelo espectro de excitação, que reproduz apenas as bandas de absorção da porfirina. O rendimento quântico de fluorescência da porfirina sofre uma diminuição bastante pronunciada quando em presença de O2 dissolvido, que parecem ser inversamente proporcionais ao número de substituintes piridina. Além disso, o tempo de vida, a constante de velocidade de supressão pelo O2 e o rendimento quântico de formação de oxigênio singlete a partir da espécie no estado triplete T1, parecem não ser influenciados pelo número de complexos [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ coordenados ao anel porfirínico. Nenhuma fotodecomposição foi observada durante os experimentos. Os rendimentos quânticos de oxigênio singlete (~O,5) obtidos para as porfirinas supermoleculares são comparável ao de outros fotossensibilizadores porfirínicos utilizados em estudos de terapia fotodinâmica. Logo, a estratégia de se introduzir complexos de rutênio bipiridina como modificadores das propriedades das meso(fenilpiridil)porfirinas, e também como novos sítios de interação, por exemplo, com biomoléculas, parece ser adequada para a preparação de novos sensibilizadores supramoleculares. / The preparation, characterization and photophysical and photochemical properties of a series of meso-(phenylpyridyl)porphyrins, with n phenyl and 4n pyridyl substituents (n =1 to 4), and the respective supermolecular species obtained by the coordination of [Ru{2,2\'-bipy)2Cl]+ complexes to the pyridine nitrogen atoms, are described. The results of the spectroscopic and electrochemical studies were consistent . with the proposed molecular structures. The occurrence of energy transfer processes from the MLCT3 state of the peripheral ruthenium complexes to the porphyrin singlet state in ethanol glass, and to the triplet state at room temperature, were observed. These strongly suggest that the excited MLCT3 state is energetically above the porphyrin S1 state (77 K), and that there is a sufficiently strong electronic interaction between the ruthenium complexes and the porphyrin ring. The energy transfer from MLCT3 to the porphyrin S1 state is inefficient at room temperature, because ofthe fast non-radiactive deactivation of that excited state. This was confirmed by the excitation spectra, that exhibited only the absorption bands ofthe porphyrin moiety. The fluorescence quantum yield of the porphyrin is decreased in presence of dissolved O2, and this behavior seems to be inversely proportional to the number of pyridyl substituents. Furthermore, the lifetime, the quenching rate constant by 02 and the singlet oxygen quantum yields for the porphyrin triplet state, seems to be independent of the number of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ complexes coordinated to the ring. No photodecomposition were observed during the above experiments. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (~O,5) determined for the supermolecular porphyrins are comparable to that of other porphyrin type photosensitizers used in studies on photodynamic terapy. Consequently, the strategy of coordinating ruthenium bipyridyl complexes as modifiers ofthe meso-(phenylpyridyl)porphyrins and also as new interaction sites, for example for biomolecules, seems adequate for the preparation of new supermolecular photosensitizers.

A síntese, caracterização e propriedades fotofísicas e fotoquímicas de uma série de meso-(fenilpiridil)porfirinas, com n substituintes fenila e 4-n substituintes piridina (n = 1 a 4), e as respectivas espécies supermoleculares obtidas pela coordenação de complexos [Ru(2,2\'-bipy)2Cl]+ aos nitrogênios piridínicos, são descritos. Os resultados dos estudos espectroscópicos e eletroquímicos foram consistentes com as estruturas propostas. Foi constatada a ocorrência de processo de transferência de energia do estado MLCT3 dos complexos periféricos para o estado singlete da porfirina em vidro de etanol, e para o estado triplete a 25°C. Esses resultados sugerem que o estado excitado MLCT3 está energeticamente acima do estado S1, a 77 K, e existe uma interação eletrônica significativa entre os complexos de rutênio e o anel porfirínico. A temperatura ambiente, a transferência de energia para o estado singlete da porfirina é ineficiente devido a rápida desativação não radiativa do estado MLCT3. Esse fato foi confirmado pelo espectro de excitação, que reproduz apenas as bandas de absorção da porfirina. O rendimento quântico de fluorescência da porfirina sofre uma diminuição bastante pronunciada quando em presença de O2 dissolvido, que parecem ser inversamente proporcionais ao número de substituintes piridina. Além disso, o tempo de vida, a constante de velocidade de supressão pelo O2 e o rendimento quântico de formação de oxigênio singlete a partir da espécie no estado triplete T1, parecem não ser influenciados pelo número de complexos [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ coordenados ao anel porfirínico. Nenhuma fotodecomposição foi observada durante os experimentos. Os rendimentos quânticos de oxigênio singlete (~O,5) obtidos para as porfirinas supermoleculares são comparável ao de outros fotossensibilizadores porfirínicos utilizados em estudos de terapia fotodinâmica. Logo, a estratégia de se introduzir complexos de rutênio bipiridina como modificadores das propriedades das meso(fenilpiridil)porfirinas, e também como novos sítios de interação, por exemplo, com biomoléculas, parece ser adequada para a preparação de novos sensibilizadores supramoleculares. / The preparation, characterization and photophysical and photochemical properties of a series of meso-(phenylpyridyl)porphyrins, with n phenyl and 4n pyridyl substituents (n =1 to 4), and the respective supermolecular species obtained by the coordination of [Ru{2,2\'-bipy)2Cl]+ complexes to the pyridine nitrogen atoms, are described. The results of the spectroscopic and electrochemical studies were consistent . with the proposed molecular structures. The occurrence of energy transfer processes from the MLCT3 state of the peripheral ruthenium complexes to the porphyrin singlet state in ethanol glass, and to the triplet state at room temperature, were observed. These strongly suggest that the excited MLCT3 state is energetically above the porphyrin S1 state (77 K), and that there is a sufficiently strong electronic interaction between the ruthenium complexes and the porphyrin ring. The energy transfer from MLCT3 to the porphyrin S1 state is inefficient at room temperature, because ofthe fast non-radiactive deactivation of that excited state. This was confirmed by the excitation spectra, that exhibited only the absorption bands ofthe porphyrin moiety. The fluorescence quantum yield of the porphyrin is decreased in presence of dissolved O2, and this behavior seems to be inversely proportional to the number of pyridyl substituents. Furthermore, the lifetime, the quenching rate constant by 02 and the singlet oxygen quantum yields for the porphyrin triplet state, seems to be independent of the number of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ complexes coordinated to the ring. No photodecomposition were observed during the above experiments. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (~O,5) determined for the supermolecular porphyrins are comparable to that of other porphyrin type photosensitizers used in studies on photodynamic terapy. Consequently, the strategy of coordinating ruthenium bipyridyl complexes as modifiers ofthe meso-(phenylpyridyl)porphyrins and also as new interaction sites, for example for biomolecules, seems adequate for the preparation of new supermolecular photosensitizers.

This theses focuses on preparation and characterisation and comparison of two types of polymer nanoparticles using photophysical methods. The first type was polystyrene nanoparticles prepared by modified nanoprecipitation method from polymeric sulfonated nanofiber membranes with diffrent content of sulfonated groups. The second type was polymer nanoparticles with diferent lenght of hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydrophilic poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) blocks. Both types of nanoparticles conteined encapsulated photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin with a high quantum singlet oxygen yield. In the prepared nanoparticles with a photosensitizer, the kinetics of singlet oxygen generation was studied using time resolved spectroscopy. The relative efficiency of photooxidation was studied using external akceptor of singlet oxygen. The effect of temperature, size and matrix (type of polymer) of nanoparticles on photooxidation efficiency was also studied. In the next part of this these was studied the influence of time on the size and stability of nanoparticles and also the effect of solution pH and ionic strength on prepared nanoparticles.