Photosynthetic membranes were prepared from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942 with oxygen evolving specific activity of 250-300 µmoles 02/ mg chl/hr. The membranes retained activity with a half-life of 4-5 days when stored at 0°C, or when quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, greater than 95% of the activity remained after 2 months. Attempts to purify homogeneous preparations of photosystem II complexes from these membranes by detergent extraction were unsuccessful as indicated by a lack of a significant increase in oxygen evolution specific activity of the detergent extracts. Photosynthetic membrane detergent extracts usually maintained the same oxygen evolution specific activity as the orginal membranes, and a considerable amount of Photosystem I activity (75 µmoles 02 consumed /mg chl/hr in the Mehler reaction) was still present. The donor side of the photosystem II particles in the detergent extract was intact since the artificial electron acceptor, 2,6-dichiorophenolindophenol (DCPIP), was reduced at a rate comparable to the oxygen evolving activity. All oxygen evolving activity of the detergent extracts was lost when ion-exchange chromatography was used to resolve the co-extracted photosystem II and photosystem I complexes. / Department of Biology

Typescript (Photocopy) / xxx, 296 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agricultural Biochemistry, 1983

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agricultural Biochemistry, 1983. / Typescript (Photocopy).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2002.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

Submitted by CLEBER JUNIOR JADOSKI null (cjadoski@gmail.com) on 2016-02-18T20:23:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleber Jr Jadoski.pdf: 2455858 bytes, checksum: 570df2ab1fc3e0b3ad7c70988ab927ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-19T17:53:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jadoskijunior_c_dr_bot.pdf: 2455858 bytes, checksum: 570df2ab1fc3e0b3ad7c70988ab927ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-19T17:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jadoskijunior_c_dr_bot.pdf: 2455858 bytes, checksum: 570df2ab1fc3e0b3ad7c70988ab927ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O sorgo sacarino é uma cultura que vem ganhando destaque na cadeia produtiva da sacarose, contudo, com alto consumo de fertilizantes nitrogenados. No que se refere ao rendimento de sacarose pelo sorgo sacarino pode-se afirmar que alguns fatores ainda devem ser avaliados para aumentar as perspectivas de sucesso, dentre eles o aumento da produtividade e a redução nos custos de produção. Existe interação entre a cultura, elementos biológicos e o manejo, nesse último, a aplicação de mistura de reguladores vem apresentando resultados significativos nos processos metabólicos das plantas, além do aumento da produtividade. Biorreguladores são misturas de reguladores vegetais, que afetam o metabolismo vegetal, cuja ação trará benefícios aos cultivos, melhorando a qualidade e incrementando a produção. A fotossíntese possui relação direta na produtividade das plantas e é um dos processos afetados pelo metabolismo do nitrogênio. A assimilação deste nutriente destaca-se como um dos principais fatores limitantes para produção vegetal. Processos biológicos de fixação de N por organismos procariontes podem tornar os processos produtivos mais eficientes. Neste contexto a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense mostra-se promissora à fornecer nitrogênio e diminuir os custos com fertilizantes nitrogenados. Baseado nos efeitos fisiológicos que os biorreguladores desenvolvem nas plantas, em função do seu modo de ação no metabolismo fotossintético, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de sorgo sacarino inoculado com Azospirillum brasilense decorrentes da adubação nitrogenada e reguladores vegetais. O experimento constituiu-se de parcelas subdivididas e distribuídas em blocos, ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As subparcelas corresponderam a uma linha na parcela principal, alternadas por uma linha de bordadura. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de níveis de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1) nas parcelas principais aos 10 dias após a emergência (DAE) e nas subparcelas níveis do bioestimulante, produto comercial Stimulate® (0, 300, 400, 500 e 600 mL ha-1) aplicado aos 15 DAE, na cultura de sorgo sacarino cultivar BRS 505 da Embrapa, inoculado com Azospirillum brasilense. Avaliou-se as variáveis de trocas gasosas (A, gs, Ci. E) e as variáveis estimadas de EUA, A/Ci e índice SPAD aos 16, 46 e 81 DAE, área foliar aos 70 DAE, massa de matéria seca aos 90 DAE. A colheita foi realizada aos 90 DAE e os colmos foram preparados para a determinação do POL%, AR% e ART kg t-1. A aplicação do biorregulador na dose de 440,7 ml ha-1 apresentou a maior eficiência fotossintética até os 46 DAE. Nas condições experimentais o tratamento com regulador vegetal não apresentou efeito no aumento da produção de açúcar total recuperável. O biorregulador apresentou sinergia com os tratamentos de adubação nitrogenada, ocasionando incremento no desenvolvimento das características fenológicas: área foliar e massa de matéria seca da cultura. Conclui-se que a ação do biorregulador não influenciou na produção de açúcares pela planta, entretanto se mostrou um bom candidato a diminuir os custos na adubação nitrogenada da cultura, por melhorar a eficiência fotossintética tanto em plantas de sorgo sacarino em que o N metabolizado foi oriundo da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense ou da adubação nitrogenada. / Sweet sorghum is a prominent culture that has gained in the production chain of sucrose, however, with high consumption of nitrogen fertilizers. As regards income sucrose for sweet sorghum can be said that some factors still need to be evaluated to increase the prospects for success, including increased productivity and reduction in production costs. There is interaction between culture, biological elements and management, in the latter, the application of plant growth regulators has shown significant results in the metabolic processes of plants, and increased productivity. Photosynthesis has direct bearing on the productivity of plants and is one of the processes affected by nitrogen metabolism. The assimilation of this nutrient stands out as one of the main limiting factors for crop production. Biological processes N fixation by prokaryotic organisms can make more efficient production processes. In this context the Azospirillum brasilense bacteria is promising to provide nitrogen and reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizers. Based on the physiological effects that bioregulators develop the plants, depending on their mode of action in the photosynthetic metabolism, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of sorghum inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense resulting from nitrogen and plant growth regulators fertilization. The experiment consisted of split plots and distributed in blocks at random, with four repetitions. The subplots correspond to a line in the main plot, alternating by a line boundary. The treatments consisted of nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1), the main plots at 10 days after emergence (DAE) and the subplots levels bioregulator, commercial product Stimulate® (0, 300, 400, 500 e 600 mL ha-1) applied at 15 DAE, the sorghum crop BRS 505 Embrapa inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Were evaluated the variables of gas exchange (A, gs, Ci, E) and the variables estimated efficiency of water use, photosynthetic efficiency and SPAD index at 16, 46 and 81 DAE, leaf area at 70 DAE, dry matter at 90 DAE. Plants were harvested at 90 DAE and the stalks were prepared for the determination of POL% RA% and TRS kg t-1. The application of plant growth regulator at a dose of 440.7 ml ha-1 had the highest photosynthetic efficiency up to 46 DAE. Under the experimental conditions the treatment plant growth regulator has no significant effect on the increase of total recoverable sugar production. The plant growth regulator showed synergy with nitrogen fertilization treatments, leading to increase in the development of phenological characteristics leaf area and dry matter of crop. Concludes that the action of the bioregulators did not influence the production of sugars by the plant, though it showed a good candidate to reduce the costs of nitrogen fertilizer in culture, to improve the photosynthetic efficiency in both sorghum plants in the N metabolized was derived from the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization.

Novel photosynthetic protozoan phylum from caorals eas investigated using molecular biology tools to infer phylogenetic position. According to the data, isolates RM11-26 are also photosynthetic relatives of apicomplexan parasites representing an independent lineage from Chromera velia

Plant breeders often examine leaf size, plant height and photosynthetic capacity in an effort to increase wheat yield. This study was concerned with the relationship between these parameters in dwarf and semidwarf wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) with a wide range in flag leaf size. Photosynthetic capacity was measured at anthesis using photosynthesis versus intercellular CO2 response curves to determine maximum photosynthetic rate and ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase efficiency. Leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, stomatal density, interveinal distance and dry mass partitioning were also examined. Smaller flag leaves had greater carboxylation efficiency and closer vein spacing. Dwarf wheat had higher chlorophyll concentrations and maximum photosynthetic rates at anthesis than the taller semi-dwarfs. Dwarf cultivars had lower photosynthetic rates before anthesis, suggesting preanthesis feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, possibly due to a smaller sink capacity of its stem.

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs), a recent technological discovery, allow for simultaneous wastewater treatment and desalination of saline water with concurrent electricity production. The premise for MDC performance is based on the principles that bioelectrochemical (BES) systems convert wastewaters into treated effluents accompanied by electricity production and the ionic species migration (i.e. protons) within the system facilitates desalination. One major drawback with microbial desalination cells (MDCs) technology is its unsustainable cathode chamber where expensive catalysts and toxic chemicals are employed for electricity generation. Introducing biological cathodes may enhance the system performance in an environmentally-sustainable manner. This study describes the use of autothrophic microorganism such as algae and Anammox bacteria as sustainable biocatalyst/biocathode in MDCs. Their great potential for high valuable biomass production combined with wastewater treatment presents these systems as a viable option to replace expensive/unsustainable catalysts for oxygen production in MDCs. Since alga is a photosynthetic microorganism, the availability of light as well as the electron-donating anodic process may have significant effects on the biocathode performance. A series of experiments evaluating these effects proved that algae perform better under natural light/dark cycles and that higher COD concentrations do not necessarily improve the power density. Furthermore, three different process configurations of photosynthetic MDCs (using Chlorella vulgaris) were evaluated for their performance and energy generation potentials. Static (fed-batch, SPMDC), continuous flow (CFPMDC) and a photobioreactor MDC (PBMDC, resembling lagoon type PMDCs) were developed to study the impact of process design on wastewater treatment, electricity generation, nutrient removal, and biomass production and the results indicate that PMDCs can be configured with the aim of maximizing the energy recovery through either biomass production or bioelectricity production. In addition, the microbial community analysis of seven different samples from different parts of the anode chamber, disclosed considerable spatial diversity in microbial communities which is a critical factor in sustaining the operation of MDCs. This study provides the first proof of concept that anammox mechanism can be beneficial in enhancing the sustainability of microbial desalination cells to provide simultaneous removal of ammonium from wastewater and contribute in energy generation.

No description available.