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The subject of this master’s thesis is to introduce concentrator photovoltaic systems. Main subject of presented work are photovoltaic cells and their features and characteristics. The work deals with physical fundamentals of solar cells, type of cells and their specifics and discusses possible treatment for achieving better characteristics of concentrator systems. In the practical part is realized measurement and analysis of electrical characteristics of 9 different monocrystalline silicon cells. From those is the most efficient cell chosen for further use as reference cell.

The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of a photovoltaic power plant in the company premises. The first chapters briefly discuss the theory of electricity generation using photovoltaic panels. It describes the principle of operation of photovoltaic panels, history, production, etc. In the practical part of the thesis we focus on the evaluation of the company's photovoltaic power plant when comparing real data with simulations.

This diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the possibilities of disposal of photovoltaic panels installed in the Czech Republic. In addition to the basic theory of photovoltaic cells and panels, the theoretical parts describe legislation, subsidies in the field of photovoltaics and the development of photovoltaics in the Czech Republic. As part of recycling, their methods, work with the collective system, as well as the impact on the environment are analyzed. In the experimental part, using the data of the installed capacity and the average weights of the panels, various projections of the disposal of the panels over time are made, which take into account factors such as the life of the power plant or the capacity of the recycling line. Furthermore, according to the available literature, an analysis of the revenue from the sale of recycled materials contained in panels installed in our territory is performed. Subsequently, the needs of future implementers of proven estimates of labor and logical demands were assessed. Finally, an economic evaluation of the fundamental aspects of the FRELP recycling process was performed and the net prices of different recycling directions were determined.

The presented thesis is concerned with the principles of Photovoltaics. It describes the basic principles of photovoltaic panels functioning and the unique periods of their developement. The thesis is also focused on the theoretical knowledge of equivalent circuits of photovoltaic panels. The primary objective of the thesis is a project of simulation environment in the programme Agilent VEE Pro 8.0. The programme enables a simulation of I-U characteristics of real photovoltaic panels.

This thesis deals with usage of bypass diodes in photovoltaic panels. Familiarize us with principles of photovoltaic modules and functions, their electrical characteristics and features. The central objective of this work is description of influence of bypass diodes on particularly shading photovoltaic panels and its volt-ampere characteristics. By the help of created software in Agilent VEE 8.0 simulate the shading panel and compare with real measurement.

The beginning of this work presents the basic principles of photovoltaic cells, their advantages and disadvantages. There is also an overview of photovoltaic systems. The next part takes a closer look on lead-acid accumulators followed by a practical part regarding the measurement of VA characteristics. The main goal of this work is to assemble an experimental PV system. It will consist of a PV module, an accumulator (consisting of two cells connected in series and producing an overall voltage of 5V) and of a variable load (assembled from nineteen resistors with resistance varying from tens to hundreds of Ohms). This system is connected to a computer that runs the control software which was created using the VEEPro 8.0 simulation environment. The measurements can be taken in two ways. Either the operator can select the load resistor combinations manually, or the operator only launches the measurement and the load is selected automatically by the software. This way we obtain an automatized workplace for measuring VA characteristics of photovoltaic panels.

The output of our work is complete proposal of the building wiring, the photovoltaic power plant proposal and technical report. In the first part we find the theoretical information concerning the proposal of the house wiring, explanations of basic terms and principles of technical documentation. We can find also an overview of known intelligent systems and a brief description. In the second part we describe itself proposal of concrete building, step by step. We can find a description of a created program to control building. The third part is focused on theoretical information about photovoltaics. Here we explain the basic principle, the limits of technology, materials and the panel structure. In the fourth part we proceeded to the actual plant proposal. Here we find the principle and a block diagram of system and description of the components of the plant, evaluation of production and energy consumption. Drawings of the technical documentation wiring as a photovoltaic power plant, distributor scheme and its layout can be found in the technical report, in Attachment.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis deals with three phase inverters and the different control strategies that can be associated with an inverter being used together. The first part of this thesis discusses the present research in the fields of PV panels, motor drive systems and three phase inverters along with their control. This control includes various strategies like MPPT, Volts-Hertz and modulation index compensation. Incorporating these techniques together is the goal of this thesis. A new topology for operating an open end motor drive system has also been discusses, where a boost converter and a flyback converter have been used in cascade to run a three phase motor. The main advantage of this is increasing the number of levels and improving the quality of the output voltage, not to mention a few other benefits of having the proposed circuit. A new algorithm has also been designed for starting and stopping the motor, which controls the current drawn from the power source during starting.

O Brasil é afortunado com sua riqueza natural e tradicionalmente faz bom uso do potencial hídrico e de biocombustíveis para compor sua matriz energética. Na década de 2010, o destaque está na implementação na matriz elétrica nacional, de sistemas de energia eólica e de energia solar fotovoltaica, estes últimos com expectativa de acentuada expansão. Alguns fatores levam a esta expectativa, como a boa irradiação solar em grande parte do país, custo da energia fotovoltaica próximo às tarifas de energia elétrica vigente, e ambiente regulatório que estimula investidores. Este trabalho descreve a saga dos atores do setor elétrico brasileiro em propiciar o desenvolvimento da cadeia da energia fotovoltaica e enfatiza a importância dos recursos humanos especializados na área. O arcabouço legal e tributário, que embasa as políticas publica de estímulo, as ações de padronização dos sistemas, as pesquisas desenvolvidas e as ações para capacitar profissionais, a partir de 1991 até 2017, estão ordenados. O cenário mundial mostra que o aumento da potência instalada de sistemas que utilizam as fontes alternativas de energia renovável leva à geração de empregos, que exigem novos conhecimentos e habilidades. A expansão, no Brasil, do número de instalações de usinas centralizadas e sistemas de geração distribuída fotovoltaica no país leva ao aumento de postos de trabalho. Um dos desafios para a continuidade da disseminação dos sistemas fotovoltaicos, que exige um contingente elevado de recursos humanos, está na formação de profissionais. São profissionais para concepção, instalação, comercialização, operação e manutenção dos sistemas. No cenário mundial, entre as modalidades de energia renovável, a cadeia da energia fotovoltaica é a que apresenta maior número de postos de trabalho por quilowatt instalado, representando cerca de 30% dos postos de trabalho. Este trabalho também aponta caminhos para a implementação de cursos na área de energia renovável e eficiência energética na Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, com foco na inserção da energia fotovoltaica, seus sistemas e instalações. Para a consolidação do mercado da energia fotovoltaica é essencial que haja disponibilidade de profissionais que garantam a segurança e a eficiência na produção das instalações dos sistemas ao longo de sua vida útil. O desenvolvimento da cadeia de energia solar fotovoltaica promove a oportunidade de agregar energia sustentável à matriz energética, promove a geração de empregos e renda pelo extenso território nacional. O desenvolvimento da referida cadeia não prescinde da estruturação de uma rede de ensino com foco na área fotovoltaica. / Brazil is fortunate in natural resources and traditionally makes good use of water potential and biofuels in its energy matrix. In the 2010-decade the highlight is in the setting up of large-scale wind energy and photovoltaic solar energy systems, these last with a forecast of marked expansion. Some factors give support to this expectation; good solar irradiation in most of the countrys surface, cost reduction of photovoltaic energy being close to the current electricity tariffs and a regulatory system stimulating investors. This work describes the Brazilian electric sector actors saga on the photovoltaic energy chain development, whilst highlights the importance of photovoltaic specialized human resources. The legal and tributary framework, which is the basis of the public policy stimulus, PV systems standardization actions, the developed research, as well as the professionals training actions, from 1991 to 2017, are described. The world scenario shows that the capacity increase of renewable energy systems leads to jobs creation, which requires new knowledge and skills. The growth number of centralized generation plants and distributed photovoltaic generation systems, leads to the increase of jobs in Brazil. One of the challenges for the continuity of the photovoltaic systems dissemination, which requires a high contingent of human resources, lies in the training of professionals. These are professionals trained for the design, installation, commercialization and systems operation and maintenance. In the world scenario, among the renewable energy modalities, the photovoltaic energy chain is the one that exhibits the highest number of jobs per installed kilowatt, representing about 30% of the jobs. This work describes the renewable energy and energy efficiency courses implanted at the Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica focusing on the insertion of photovoltaic energy, its systems and facilities. The availability of skilled personnel is mandatory to ensure the photovoltaic energy market consolidation. Those professionals are needed to ensure the safety and the efficiency of energy production systems throughout their life cycle. The development of the photovoltaic solar energy chain promotes the opportunity to add sustainable energy to the energy matrix, promotes the generation of jobs and financial income throughout the national territory. The development of the PV chain cannot neglect the need to increase of a teaching network focused on the photovoltaic area.