Les travaux effectués dans cette thèse portent sur les problématiques de couplage de centrales photovoltaïques sur les réseaux de distribution haute tension africains. Ces réseaux sont pour la plupart caractérisés par leur instabilité, leur faible maillage et leur faible puissance installée. Une première partie traite des caractéristiques des centrales photovoltaïques connectées au réseau Haute Tension et leurs interactions avec ce dernier. Une deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à la modélisation des systèmes électriques (réseaux électriques, systèmes photovoltaïques etc.). Une approche de modélisation du générateur photovoltaïque pour des centrales de grande puissance a été proposée. Un cluster PV de 500 kWc a été proposé et simulé et ses performances évaluées. Les dispositifs de commande utilisés dans le cluster proposé prennent en compte les contraintes techniques nécessaires au transfert optimal de puissance et de la qualité de la tension entre le générateur PV et le réseau électrique. En application, une centrale PV de 20 MWc a été modélisée et simulée. L’impact de sa connexion sur le réseau national du Burkina a été évalué sur le plan de la stabilité en tension tant en fonctionnement normal qu’en situation de dysfonctionnement. L’approche de la stratégie de raccordement des centrales PV et l’impact de la modularité de ces dernières ont été aussi analysés. / The research work performed in this thesis focuses on the problems of coupling photovoltaic power plants to the African high-voltage distribution environments. African power systems are mostly characterized by a high degree of instability, low meshed and low power installed networks. The first part of this work deals with photovoltaic power plants connected to the high-voltage grid, its general behaviors and its interactions with the grid. The second part is devoted to the modeling of electrical power systems included photovoltaic systems. A modeling approach of a photovoltaic generator for large power plant was proposed. A photovoltaic cluster of 500 kWp system is proposed and simulated, and its performance evaluated. The design of the control systems used in the proposed cluster has taken into account the technical requirements needed for optimal power transfer and good quality of the voltage at the point of common coupling. Furthermore, a 20 MWp power plant connected to the national grid of Burkina Faso has been modeled and simulated, and their interactions have been evaluated in terms of voltage steady-state stability both in normal operation and in the dysfunction state. The approach to the strategy in terms of connecting PV power plants, and the impact of using modular photovoltaic power plants has also been analyzed.

The output of our work is complete proposal of the building wiring, the photovoltaic power plant proposal and technical report. In the first part we find the theoretical information concerning the proposal of the house wiring, explanations of basic terms and principles of technical documentation. We can find also an overview of known intelligent systems and a brief description. In the second part we describe itself proposal of concrete building, step by step. We can find a description of a created program to control building. The third part is focused on theoretical information about photovoltaics. Here we explain the basic principle, the limits of technology, materials and the panel structure. In the fourth part we proceeded to the actual plant proposal. Here we find the principle and a block diagram of system and description of the components of the plant, evaluation of production and energy consumption. Drawings of the technical documentation wiring as a photovoltaic power plant, distributor scheme and its layout can be found in the technical report, in Attachment.

This work deals with the comparison of photovoltaic technologies and optimization of Photovoltaic power plants using empirical models. The primary purpose of this work is to analyse current status of selected photovoltaic power plants in the Czech republic and to suggest possible means to increase their productivity. This analysis uses data measured by systems for direct management of these parks, and these data are compared with theoretical data calculated from measurement system Czech weather stations and PVGIS.

This work is focused on the current issues, which are associated with the connection of fotovoltaic sources to the distribution grids. An example of these problems can be the connection of the bigger fotovoltaic power plant to the part of the grid with small short-circuit power. In consequence of this, it can happen that the quality parameters (voltage) of this grid are undesiderably influenced. Integral part of the connection procedure of the new sources to the grid is also a design and method of the power output, which is also part of this work.