The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of physical inactivity among early adolescents and determine if they varied across weight status, gender, and ethnic groups. A population-based sample of 3,636 7th grade students (The CATCH Cohort) participated in an epidemiological study of nutrition, physical activity, and cardiovascular health in 96 schools located in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas. The weight category distribution of the sample was as follows: 2.1% underweight (BMI < 5th %), 66.5% normal weight (5th [less than or equal to] BMI<85th %), 16.9% at-risk (85th [less than or equal to] BMI<95th %), and 14.5% overweight (BMI[greater than or equal to]95th %). Physical inactivity was a stronger predictor of weight status category than physical activity for the entire sample (excluding underweight students). The model for physical inactivity, based on sedentary minutes, showed positive and negative support having a direct effect upon sedentary minutes, (p<.001). For adolescents with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th %, however, the model for physical inactivity showed only positive support having a direct effect on sedentary minutes (p<0.05). Females with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th % showed positive and negative support having a direct effect (p<.05), and males with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th % showed negative support having a direct effect (p<.01). White adolescents showed positive and negative support having a direct effect (p<.05), and for Hispanic adolescents, positive support had a direct effect (p<.001). This paper concludes that because physical inactivity appears to be a strong predictor of weight status in adolescent populations, interventions should target physical inactivity by influencing self-efficacy and positive and negative support. Furthermore, better measures of physical inactivity beyond TV/video game usage should be developed, and psychosocial variables that are more strongly associated with sedentary behavior than participation in physical activity should be investigated. / text

Research on social capital and physical activity has relied on proxy measures of trust and participation to assess individuals’ social capital. However, less is known about how social network capital is associated with physical inactivity. More recently, the association between neighbourhood context and health behaviours has been highlighted, suggesting that the social and physical environments can enhance or deter physical activity. The purpose of these two studies was to 1) assess and compare the association of trust, participation and network capital with physical inactivity; and 2) to assess the association between neighbourhood factors and physical inactivity in Montreal. These studies used data from the 2008 Montreal Neighbourhood Networks and Health Survey (MoNNET-HA), which consisted of 2707 adults residing in 300 Montreal neighbourhoods. Physical inactivity was assessed using an adapted version of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Social capital was measured in three forms: generalized trust, social participation, and network capital. Network capital was measured using a position generator and consisted of network diversity, upper reachability, and range dimensions. Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and population density were used to assess aspects of the neighbourhood social and built environment. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association of physical inactivity with social capital and neighbourhood factors. In the first study, network diversity (OR: 0.88; 95% CIs: 0.80-0.96), and social participation (OR: 1.81; 95% CIs: 1.08-3.01) were significantly associated with lower odds of physical inactivity. This study directs attention towards the association between network capital and physical inactivity. Further investigation of network capital might lead to a better understanding of how social capital is associated with physical inactivity. In the second study, population density was significantly associated with lower odds of physical inactivity (OR: 0.97 95% C.I: 0.95, 0.99). Further investigation of neighbourhood context is recommended to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the association of neighbourhood population density and physical inactivity. Greater knowledge of neighbourhood context could lead to the development of supportive neighbourhood social and physical resources that promote and enhance physical activity behaviour. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-30 16:22:36.884

No description available.

Introdução – A inatividade física tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública principalmente no período da adolescência. Objetivo – Descrever o nível de atividade física em escolares do ensino médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino localizada no distrito da Vila Nova Cachoeirinha em São Paulo. Métodos – A amostra foi constituída por 775 adolescentes do ensino médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino localizada no distrito da Vila Nova Cachoeirinha em São Paulo. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário de avaliação da atividade física proposto por FLORINDO et al. (2006), um questionário de avaliação sócio-econômica (ABEP) e parte do questionário de avaliação sobre condições de saúde (MINISTÈRIO DA SAÚDE, 2004). Foi definido como fisicamente inativo o adolescente que se envolveu por um tempo menor do que 300 minutos por semana em atividades físicas, exercícios ou praticas esportivas. Para comparação das proporções foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados – A proporção de inatividade física nos adolescentes foi de 64,3% (IC 95%: 61,7-66,9). O percentual de inatividade física esteve positivamente associado ao período de estudo, à série acadêmica do aluno, ao grupo etário mais velho, ao nível sócio-econômico, ao uso de tabaco e bebidas alcoólicas, a não participação nas aulas de Educação Física, a falta de incentivo dos pais para a prática de atividades física e ao maior tempo de TV. Por outro lado, o percentual de inatividade física esteve negativamente associado à quantidade de modalidades esportivas praticadas pelos adolescentes e ao tempo de uso de vídeo game/computador. Conclusão - A proporção de adolescentes inativos foi elevada na maioria das variáveis avaliadas, o que demonstra que este grupo apresenta um elevado potencial para o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção com o objetivo de aumentar o nível de atividade física. / Introduction - The physical inactivity has become a public health problem mainly in adolescence age. Objective – Was to describle the level of physical activity in adolescents from a public school of the district Vila Nova Cachoeirinha in São Paulo – SP. Methods – The sample was constituted by 775 high school adolescents from a public state school situated in the districit of Vila Nova Cachoeirinha in São Paulo. To collect the data, a questionnaire of evaluation of physical activity proposed by FLORINDO et al. (2006), a questionnaire of social and economic evaluation (ABEP) and part of the questionnaire of evaluation about conditions of health (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2004) were used. It was definied as physically inactive the adolescent who is involved by a smaller timer than 300 minutes per week in physical activities, exercises or sports practices. To compare the proportions, the test Qui-square with level of significance of p<0,05 was used. Results - the proportion of inactive adolescents was 64,3% (IC 95%: 61, 7-66,9). The percentage of physical inactivity was positively associated in adolescents the evening classes, in 3rd grade students, in social economic level B, in adolescents who use tobacco, alcoholic beverages, who do not participate of Scholar Physical Education classes, who do not receive incentive from the parents to practice a physical activity and who spend more time watching TV. On the other side, the percentage of physical inactivity is negatively associated to the quantity of sports modality they go in and to the time using video game/computer. Conclusion - The proportion of inactive adolescents was high in the majority of the evaluated variables, which shows that this group presents a high potential for the development of intervention with the aim of increasing the level of physical activity.

Introdução – A inatividade física tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública principalmente no período da adolescência. Objetivo – Descrever o nível de atividade física em escolares do ensino médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino localizada no distrito da Vila Nova Cachoeirinha em São Paulo. Métodos – A amostra foi constituída por 775 adolescentes do ensino médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino localizada no distrito da Vila Nova Cachoeirinha em São Paulo. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário de avaliação da atividade física proposto por FLORINDO et al. (2006), um questionário de avaliação sócio-econômica (ABEP) e parte do questionário de avaliação sobre condições de saúde (MINISTÈRIO DA SAÚDE, 2004). Foi definido como fisicamente inativo o adolescente que se envolveu por um tempo menor do que 300 minutos por semana em atividades físicas, exercícios ou praticas esportivas. Para comparação das proporções foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados – A proporção de inatividade física nos adolescentes foi de 64,3% (IC 95%: 61,7-66,9). O percentual de inatividade física esteve positivamente associado ao período de estudo, à série acadêmica do aluno, ao grupo etário mais velho, ao nível sócio-econômico, ao uso de tabaco e bebidas alcoólicas, a não participação nas aulas de Educação Física, a falta de incentivo dos pais para a prática de atividades física e ao maior tempo de TV. Por outro lado, o percentual de inatividade física esteve negativamente associado à quantidade de modalidades esportivas praticadas pelos adolescentes e ao tempo de uso de vídeo game/computador. Conclusão - A proporção de adolescentes inativos foi elevada na maioria das variáveis avaliadas, o que demonstra que este grupo apresenta um elevado potencial para o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção com o objetivo de aumentar o nível de atividade física. / Introduction - The physical inactivity has become a public health problem mainly in adolescence age. Objective – Was to describle the level of physical activity in adolescents from a public school of the district Vila Nova Cachoeirinha in São Paulo – SP. Methods – The sample was constituted by 775 high school adolescents from a public state school situated in the districit of Vila Nova Cachoeirinha in São Paulo. To collect the data, a questionnaire of evaluation of physical activity proposed by FLORINDO et al. (2006), a questionnaire of social and economic evaluation (ABEP) and part of the questionnaire of evaluation about conditions of health (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2004) were used. It was definied as physically inactive the adolescent who is involved by a smaller timer than 300 minutes per week in physical activities, exercises or sports practices. To compare the proportions, the test Qui-square with level of significance of p<0,05 was used. Results - the proportion of inactive adolescents was 64,3% (IC 95%: 61, 7-66,9). The percentage of physical inactivity was positively associated in adolescents the evening classes, in 3rd grade students, in social economic level B, in adolescents who use tobacco, alcoholic beverages, who do not participate of Scholar Physical Education classes, who do not receive incentive from the parents to practice a physical activity and who spend more time watching TV. On the other side, the percentage of physical inactivity is negatively associated to the quantity of sports modality they go in and to the time using video game/computer. Conclusion - The proportion of inactive adolescents was high in the majority of the evaluated variables, which shows that this group presents a high potential for the development of intervention with the aim of increasing the level of physical activity.

To determine whether behavioral factors differ among metabolic conditions and self-reported health, and to determine whether self-reported health is a valid predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 2997 individuals (≥ 40 years old) were selected from four biennial U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007–2014). A set of weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)Individuals with light physical activity are more likely to have MetS and report poor health than those with vigorous physical activity with OR = 3.22 (95% CI: 2.23, 4.66) and 4.52 (95% CI: 2.78, 7.33), respectively. Individuals eating poor diet have greater odds of developing MetS and reporting poor health with OR = 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.66) and 3.13 (95% CI: 2.46, 3.98). The aforementioned relationships remained significant after adjustment for demographic and socio-economic status. A potential intervention strategy will be needed to encourage individuals to aggressively improve their lifestyle to reduce MetS and improve quality of life. Despite the significant association between self-reported health with MetS, a low sensitivity indicated that better screening tools for MetS, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are essential.

Les missions spatiales et les études de simulation par alitement prolongé ont montré que l’inactivité physique induite par la microgravité affecte l’ensemble des systèmes physiologiques chez l’humain. En condition d’alitement prolongé notre laboratoire (UMR7178, IPHC, DEPE, Strasbourg) a montré que l’adaptation métabolique était proche de celle retrouvée dans le syndrome métabolique associé, dans la population générale, à de nombreuses pathologies. Une hypothèse a été émise pour décrire la cascade des événements entraînant les dérèglements métaboliques en microgravité simulée. Cette cascade d’adaptations aurait pour conséquence le développement d’un état d’inflexibilité métabolique, définie comme une incapacité à ajuster l’utilisation des nutriments comme substrats aux changements de disponibilité des nutriments et dont la compréhension reste toutefois incomplète. Lors de ce projet de thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à caractériser le syndrome d’inflexibilité métabolique chez l’Humain à travers l’investigation clinique de l’état musculaire, de l’inflammation et du stress oxydant, de la sensibilité à l’insuline et de l’oxydation des substrats énergétiques au cours d’une étude de preuve de concept et d’une étude de simulation de microgravité de 60 jours. Sur la base d’études récentes démontrant l’impact de compléments nutritionnels sur les adaptations métaboliques associées à de nombreuses maladies métaboliques chroniques, une étude de preuve de concept a permis de tester l’efficacité d’un cocktail nutritionnel composé de polyphénols, d’oméga-3, de vitamine E et de sélénium. La supplémentation a permis de réduire l’atrophie musculaire, le stress oxydant et le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique par l’intermédiaire d’une meilleure oxydation lipidique et d’une réduction de la lipogenèse de novo suite à une période d’inactivité physique de 20 jours. Sur la base de ces premiers résultats, une étude d’alitement de 60 jours a été menée chez l’Humain pour tester les effets du cocktail nutritionnel en condition de microgravité simulée. Dans cette seconde étude, la supplémentation nutritionnelle a permis de prévenir au moins partiellement des adaptations aigües et chroniques engendrées par l’inactivité physique au cours de l’alitement. En particulier la supplémentation a augmenté les défenses sanguines anti-oxydantes, a prévenu l’augmentation de la lipidémie et la réduction de l’oxydation lipidique et a contenu le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique aiguë et chronique en absence de challenge métabolique. Toutefois la contremesure n’a pas eu d’effet protecteur suite à un challenge métabolique sous forme de surnutrition glucidique. L’ensemble des résultats indique que le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique apparaît comme un événement précoce, qui, décelé à temps pourrait se révéler comme un biomarqueur d’intolérance au glucose dans des stratégies de prévention des maladies chroniques du XXIème siècle. Plus encore, cette étude a permis de démontrer l’atout d’un cocktail antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire en limitant les altérations métaboliques sans avoir d'effets néfastes sur les autres systèmes, tout en étant une contremesure facile à mettre en œuvre et peu coûteuse. Quand bien même la contremesure nutritionnelle utilisée lors de cette étude ne serait pas suffisante pour maintenir l’ensemble des systèmes physiologiques intacts, d’autres études devront être menées afin de trouver la combinaison de contremesures idéale permettant de limiter les dégradations induites par la microgravité et ainsi permettre des nouvelles avancées dans l’exploration spatiale (Lune, Mars) au cours des prochaines décennies. En ce sens, un protocole adapté d’activité physique combiné à une contremesure nutritionnelle sous forme de cocktail semble être une piste prometteuse. / Space missions and bedrest simulation studies have shown that physical inactivity affects all physiological systems in humans. In prolonged bed rest conditions, our laboratory (UMR7178, IPHC, DEPE, Strasbourg) showed that metabolic adaptations were close to that found in the metabolic syndrome associated with metabolic chronic diseases in the general population. Based on these results, we proposed a hypothesis to describe the cascade of events leading to metabolic alterations in simulated microgravity, leading to the development of metabolic inflexibility. Metabolic inflexibility is defined as the inability of the body to adjust fuel use to changes in fuel availability. The first objective of this Thesis was to test this hypothesis and understand the mechanisms underlying the simulated microgravity induced metabolic alterations. Specifically, we focused on characterizing the metabolic inflexibility syndrome in humans through clinical investigation of muscle condition, inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and oxidation of energy substrates in a proof of concept study and a 60-day microgravity simulation study in healthy male adults. Based on recent studies demonstrating the impact of nutritional supplements on metabolic adaptations associated with many chronic metabolic diseases, a proof-of-concept study tested the efficacy of a nutritional cocktail composed of polyphenols, omega-3, vitamin E and selenium. In the feasibility study, we showed that supplementation reduced muscle atrophy, oxidative stress and the development of metabolic inflexibility via an improvement in lipid oxidation and a reduction in de novo lipogenesis following a 20-day period of physical inactivity induced by daily step reduction. Based on these first results, a 60-day bed rest study was conducted in health men to test the effects of the dietary cocktail in simulated microgravity conditions. In this second human clinical research study, nutritional supplementation prevented at least partially acute and chronic adaptations caused by physical inactivity induced by bed rest. In particular, supplementation increased antioxidant blood defenses, prevented increased lipid levels, reduced lipid oxidation and mitigated the development of acute and chronic metabolic inflexibility in absence of metabolic challenge. However, the countermeasure did not have a protective effect following a metabolic challenge in the form of carbohydrate overnutrition. All the results indicate that the development of metabolic inflexibility appears to be an early event, which, if detected in time, could prove to be a useful biomarker to use to prevent chronic diseases in the 21st century. Moreover, this study demonstrated the advantage of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cocktail by limiting metabolic alterations without having harmful effects on other systems, while being easy to implement and cost-effective. Even if the nutritional countermeasure used in this study is not sufficient to keep all physiological systems intact, further studies will have to be carried out to find the ideal combination of countermeasures to limit microgravity-induced degradation and thus allow new advances in space exploration (Moon, Mars) over the next decades. In this line, an adapted protocol of physical activity combined with a nutritional countermeasure in the form of a cocktail could be a promising approach.

This literature review was a selective examination of current obesity and physical activity research and opinions. Its purpose was more to evoke thought and discussion regarding the United States' obesity epidemic, rather than serve as an exhaustive account of prospective causes and solutions. Obesity and physical inactivity are major preventable health problems in the United States, but despite overwhelming evidence regarding the benefits of a healthy weight and regular physical activity, adult, childhood and adolescent obesity rates continue to escalate, creating significant health, medical and economic consequences. While obesity rates soar, a small population percentage has proven successful in long-term weight maintenance, even in the presence of significantly influential environmental and interpersonal factors. Reviewing strategies employed by National Weight Control Registry members, this literature review discusses the two behavioral components missing from standard or traditional, action-oriented intervention programs. Although th e Stages-of-Change Model ex plains an indi vidual"s readiness to change and the process in vo lved, se lf-effi cacy and self-regulating behav iors were shown to have a more positi ve effect on long-term maintenance. Thus, recommendati ons for practical appli cation include incorporating these behavioral components for a more effecti ve and client-centered interventi on program.

<p>Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors&rsquo / physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical&nbsp / doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students&rsquo / t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students&rsquo / t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p&lt / 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of&nbsp / physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p&lt / 0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility&rsquo / s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their&nbsp / barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel.&nbsp / Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and&nbsp / long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and&nbsp / counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle finns flertalet tekniska nyskapelser som hjälper barn i vardagen och leder till stillasittande vardag. Idag är barnen mindre fysisk aktiva för att bland annat föräldrar skjutsar barnen till skolan. Barn rekommenderas idag att vara fysiskt aktiva i 60 minuter om dagen för hälsosam livsstil vilken endast en av fem barn kommer upp till. Den fysiskt inaktiva vardagen har stora negativa effekter på hälsan bland annat fetma, cancer och diabetes. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva barns motivation till ökad fysisk aktivitet. Metod: För att besvara syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie som baseraras på systematisk, metodisk och kritisk granskning av tidigare publicerade artiklar. Sökningen gjordes i databaser som Pubmed, Academic Search Elite och Sciens Direct som var publicerade mellan 2000-2011. Antalet artiklar som blev utvalda var 16 styckena artiklar, vars resultat granskades och sammanställdes i tre olika teman. Resultat: Barns motivation för ökad fysisk aktivitet resulterade i tre teman; Lek och rörelse som glädjekälla, miljöer som inspirerar till ökad fysisk aktivitet och ansvar och den sociala omgivningens påverkan till fysisk aktivitet. Resultatet visade att barn blir mer motiverade till ökad fysisk aktivitet genom att få vara ute och leka med andra barn. En stor motiverande faktor var också ett gott samarbete mellan skolan och föräldrar för en ökad aktivitet hos barn. En stor motiverande faktor för barn var även att de själva fick vara med och bestämma aktiviter. Implikation: Studien ger en god kunskap till skola, föräldrar och kommuner för att kunna öka barns hälsa och samhällets framtid till exempel att kommuner ökar antalet grönområden och att föräldrar får upp ögonen av vikten av fysisk aktivitet hos barn. / Background: In today's society there are several technical innovations that facilitate a child's daily life, that contribute children to be less active. Children are advised to be physically active for 60 minutes per day and only one of five children is take this advice seriously. Physical inactivity has major negative effects on health, including obesity, cancer and diabetes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the child's motivation to increase physical activity. Methods: To answer the purpose, a literature study that was based on a systematic, methodical and critical review of previously published articles. The articles were searched in databases such as Pubmed, Academic Search Elite and Sciens Direct, which were published between 2000-2011. The number of items that were selected was 16 articles and the results were reviewed and summarized in three themes. Result: The child's motivation to increase physical activity resulted in three themes: Play and movement that source of joy, environments that inspire increased physical activity and responsibility and the social environment influence physical activity. The results showed that children become more motivated to increase physical activity by being out and play with other children. A major motivating factor is a good collaboration between schools and parents for an increased activity in children. A major motivating factor for children is also that they themselves may be involved in deciding activities. Implication: This study gives schools, parents and communities to improve children's health and future of society such as municipalities, the number of green areas and that parents become aware of the importance of physical activity in children.