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61	THE SYNTHESES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, & STRATEGIES OF HIGH-VALUE, DIVERSE, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Caesar D Gomez (16650408) 27 July 2023 (has links) <p> </p> <p>Organic synthesis is the application of one or more reactions to the preparation of a particular target molecule, and can pertain to a single-step transformation or to a number of sequential chemical steps depicted by a scheme overall. The selection of a reaction or series of reactions while considering chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities in addition to protecting group strategies & redox manipulations highlights the complexity in designing & executing a synthetic plan while making a judgement about what is the most effective and efficient plan to synthesize any given chemical compound among numerous available options. To this end, chemical synthesis is the unifying theme of this thesis & was utilized and strategically applied to construct increasingly complex and diverse molecular architectures. </p> <p>Being the precise science that organic chemistry is, this discipline extends into many areas such as technology, biology & medicine, and even into the fine arts since it fosters unparalleled creativity and imagination in its practice. Research foci in chemical synthesis can encompass both the discovery and development of powerful reactions and the invention of strategies for the construction of defined target molecules, natural or man-made, more or less complex. Studies in the former area, synthetic methodology, fuel and enable studies in the latter area, target molecule and total synthesis campaigns, where the latter area offers a testing ground for the former. Consequently, the bulk of this research work is in organic methodology and will be covered in greater depth during chapters 2 and 3 where strategies, optimizations, & analyses are elaborated upon in light of searching & navigating the vast body of chemical literature in an effort to broaden and strengthen one's laboratory expertise as a synthetic chemist. Lastly, chapter 4 focuses not on traditional synthesis but on organic structure analysis relying on various techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and/or X-ray crystallography to hypothesize and confirm established structures, specifically phenolic oligomers. An ability to use spectroscopic data to evaluate organic structures by combining practical experience with fundamental knowledge will serve as a hallmark skill in one’s ability to problem-solve as an organic chemist.</p> Natural products and bioactive compounds Organic chemical synthesis Physical organic chemistry Organic Synthesis Mechanism Scheme Yield Structure 1H NMR Spectroscopy 13C NMR Spectroscopy Target Molecule Starting Material Pathway Enzyme Strategy Application Compound Chemistry Reaction Diastereomer Enantiomer Regioisomer Medicinal Intermediate Polymer Oligomer Selectivity Methodology Step(s) Analysis
62	DEVELOPMENT OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHODS FOR FAST IDENTIFICATION OF MUTAGENIC DRUG IMPURITIES AND A GAS-PHASE REACTIVITY STUDY OF GROUND-STATE SINGLET OXENIUM CATIONS VIA ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS Ruth Anyaeche (17449233) 27 November 2023 (has links) <p dir="ltr">Tandem mass spectrometry (MS<sup>n</sup>) has become the most widely used analytical technique for the chemical characterization of unknown organic compounds in complex mixtures. It has led to the development of a large number of mass spectrometers with different mass analyzers as well as a wide array of ionization methods. This technique can be coupled with a diverse range of chromatography methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Some of the primary strengths of MS include its great sensitivity, its versatility to seamlessly integrate with various chromatography techniques and its flexibility in the sense of access to different mass analyzers and different ionization methods. During MS experiments, analytes are evaporated and ionized and the resulting ions are separated based on their mass-to-charge (<i>m/z</i>) ratios and then detected. On the other hand, MS<sup>n</sup> experiments involve isolating a specific ion of interest from all other ions and subjecting them to reactions such as collision-activated dissociation (CAD) or ion-molecule reactions. These reactions generate product ions that can be used to obtain structural information for the analyte. In addition, MS<sup>n</sup> experiments can be used to generate and study the chemical properties of reaction intermediates, such as oxenium cations. </p><p dir="ltr">The mass spectrometer and the ionization source used to perform the research discussed in this thesis are described in Chapter 2. After this, the development of experiments involving ion-molecule reactions accompanied by collision-activated dissociation in a linear quadrupole ion trap is discussed, with the goals of differentiating the aziridine functionality from structurally related functional groups, such as the amino group and identifying aromatic aldehyde functionalities in protonated oxygen-containing monofunctional analytes. The integration of machine learning with mass spectral data has become an increasingly prevalent and valuable way to interpret data faster and more accurately without human bias than conventional manual approaches. Chapter 5 discusses combining machine learning-guided automated HPLC analysis coupled with MS<sup>n</sup> experiments based on diagnostic ion-molecule reactions for the structural elucidation of unknown compounds. Finally, experimental and computational studies on the gas-phase reactivity of quinoline-based ground-state singlet oxenium cations are discussed.</p> Analytical spectrometry Physical organic chemistry Computational chemistry Theoretical quantum chemistry density fuctional theory Ion Molecule Reaction-Mass Spectrometry aromatic aldehydes aziridine
63	Chromophore Arylboronsäureester und ihr Komplexbildungsverhalten gegenüber Lewis-Basen Oehlke, Alexander 14 December 2010 (has links) (PDF) Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Synthese und Charakterisierung von chromophoren Arylboronsäureestern mit besonderem Augenmerk auf einer breiten strukturellen Variation zum Inhalt. An dieser Verbindungsklasse wird die Wechselwirkung mit Lewis-Basen tiefgehend untersucht. Die Koordination von Lewis-Basen am Bor-Atom führt zu einer Beeinflussung der elektronischen Eigenschaften des borbasierten Substituenten, wobei der Charakter eines direkt am Bor-Atom gebundenen pi-Elektronensystems von pull zu push-pull geschaltet werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird beschrieben, wie geometrische und elektronische Strukturmerkmale von boronsäureesterfunktionalisierten Chromophoren durch die Lewis-Säure-Base-Wechselwirkung am Bor-Atom beeinflusst werden. Die Veränderung von molekularen Eigenschaften wird mit Hilfe der UV/vis-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie, 1H- und 11B-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie mit röntgendiffraktometrischen Methoden untersucht. Die experimentellen Daten werden durch quantenchemische Berechnungen auf DFT-Niveau unterstützt. Arylboronsäureester Borchromophore Dichtefunktionaltheorie Einkristall- Röntgenstrukturanalyse elektrophile Substituentenkonstante Fluoreszenzspektroskopie Lewis-Basen Lewis-Säure-Base-Komplexe 11B-NMR-Spektroskopie physikalisch-organische Chemie push-pull-Chromophore Solvatochromie Substituenteneffekte UV/vis-Spektroskopie arylboronic esters boron compounds density funtional theory electrophilic substituent constant fluorescence spectroscopy lewis base lewis acid-base-complex 11B-NMR-spectroscopy physical organic chemistry push-pull-chromophore solvatochromism substituent effects UV/vis-spectroscopy ddc:540 Borsäureester Chromophor Lewis-Addukt Quantenchemie UV-VIS-Spektroskopie
64	Chromophore Arylboronsäureester und ihr Komplexbildungsverhalten gegenüber Lewis-Basen Oehlke, Alexander 28 October 2010 (has links) Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Synthese und Charakterisierung von chromophoren Arylboronsäureestern mit besonderem Augenmerk auf einer breiten strukturellen Variation zum Inhalt. An dieser Verbindungsklasse wird die Wechselwirkung mit Lewis-Basen tiefgehend untersucht. Die Koordination von Lewis-Basen am Bor-Atom führt zu einer Beeinflussung der elektronischen Eigenschaften des borbasierten Substituenten, wobei der Charakter eines direkt am Bor-Atom gebundenen pi-Elektronensystems von pull zu push-pull geschaltet werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird beschrieben, wie geometrische und elektronische Strukturmerkmale von boronsäureesterfunktionalisierten Chromophoren durch die Lewis-Säure-Base-Wechselwirkung am Bor-Atom beeinflusst werden. Die Veränderung von molekularen Eigenschaften wird mit Hilfe der UV/vis-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie, 1H- und 11B-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie mit röntgendiffraktometrischen Methoden untersucht. Die experimentellen Daten werden durch quantenchemische Berechnungen auf DFT-Niveau unterstützt. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/540 ddc:540

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