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Purpose: The deinstitutionalization movement formalized the role of the family caregiver in mental health, yet the needs of these family caregivers have received little attention. Additionally, while a wide body of literature has focused on the effects of socio-demographic factors and level of social support on caregiver well-being, less attention has been paid to the nature of the caregiving relationship. This study aimed to address this gap by developing and assessing scales to measure two indicators of the nature of the caregiver-care recipient relationship: intensity of care and life interference, and to use these scales to assess the relationship between these constructs and caregiver physical health. Methods: Using data from a national survey of members of the Schizophrenia Society of Canada, we employed reliability and factor analyses to evaluate whether the multiple items describing the caregiving role from the Caregiver Survey could be combined to form reliable and novel intensity of care and life interference scales. We then employed least squares regression to examine these constructs as predictors of physical health. Results: Factor analysis of the ten items describing intensity of care revealed one strong factor accounting for 44.0% of variance. The Intensity of Care Scale revealed high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.85). Two underlying factors emerged for the life interference items, one accounting for 60.0% of variance and the other for 8.8%. Cronbach’s alpha for the 10-item Daily Life Interference Scale was 0.95. For the 5-item Peace of Mind Interference Scale, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88. Based on a least squares regression, these scale scores were not significant predictors of physical health. A decline/fluctuation in physical health status as a result of caregiving, lower reported emotional health, and older age predicted lower current physical health ratings and this model accounted for 37.5% of variance. Conclusions: This study contributed three novel and internally consistent scales to the literature to be used and further refined. It also added to the limited body of literature aimed at identifying characteristics of high-risk caregivers and shed light on potential future research directions to ultimately ensure that interventions can be directed towards those at greatest risk of caregiver burnout. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-27 13:29:55.834

<p> This study investigated the relationships between birth order, personality, mental toughness, and performance as they relate to trained collegiate athletes in the sports of Men's and Women's Basketball. There were three variables measured: personality, mental toughness, and performance. There were 238 participants in this study: 149 females and 89 males. All participants were NCAA collegiate basketball players. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 24. Participants were administered the NEO Five Factor Inventory questionnaire to assess personality, while mental toughness was assessed using the Mental Toughness Scale (Madrigal &amp; Hamill, 2013). To measure performance, statistics were obtained from the 2013-14 collegiate regular season and computed into an overall performance score (Ramos-Villagrasa &amp; Navarro, 2013). Correlational analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between birth order, personality, mental toughness, performance score, and performance statistics. Based on past research, it was hypothesized that middleborns would score the highest in mental toughness while firstborns would score higher than lastborns (who will score the lowest). Hypotheses for the big five traits were as follows: Openness: middleborns would score the highest, followed by lastborns, then firstborns. Conscientiousness: firstborns would score the highest, then middleborns, then lastborns. Extroversion: middleborns would score the highest, then firstborns, and finally lastborns. Agreeableness: lastborns and middleborns would not differ, but would both score higher than firstborns. Neuroticism: lastborns would score highest, followed by firstborns, then middleborns. It was hypothesized that high conscientiousness and extroversion, along with low neuroticism would indicate higher mental toughness, while other big five traits would not factor into determining mental toughness. Higher mental toughness scores were hypothesized to result in higher performance scores. Middleborns were hypothesized to have the highest performance scores, followed by firstborns, and finally lastborns. The results of this study did not support any of the hypotheses regarding birth order. The results did support the hypothesis that high conscientiousness and extroversion, along with low neuroticism would predict higher mental toughness. The results also partially supported the hypothesis that higher mental toughness would yield higher performance scores.</p>

Heart Rate and Accelerometry during Footbag Net Singles Play

Despite being linked to many health benefits, marriage is known to be related to weight gain and obesity (e.g. Hedblad et al., 2002; Lipowicz, Gronkiewicz, & Malina, 2002). Those who have studied physical health outcomes of marriage have taken three different approaches: 1) analysing selection effects, 2) investigating protection effects, and 3) focusing less on the discrete comparison of marrieds versus others and more on factors that might make marriage more or less beneficial, such as the quality of the interaction. The focus of this research is to examine this last approach. Could the quality of one’s marriage, level of barriers to leaving, sex, and age provide insight into the relationship between marriage and weight gain? Data is from the Americans Changing Lives survey Waves I-III. Stability paths, marital protection paths, relationship commitment paths and psychological stress paths are outlined. The moderating effects of barriers to leaving, sex and age are also discussed. Cross sectional analyses show that marital quality decreases depression while barriers to leaving increases depression with an interaction effect at Wave III where high marital quality decreases depression when barriers are low; when barriers are high, marital quality has a stronger effect on depression. These effects are stronger for the young than the old and for females compared to males. Longitudinal analyses show that marital quality and barriers to leaving are positively related to depression over time. The same effects occur when examined by age (barriers however, are no longer significant) and depression is negatively related to weight gain (only at Wave II) for the old. Analyses by sex show that barriers moderate the effect of marital quality on depression over time for men but not women at Wave III. Once again marital quality increases depression for both sexes but depression decreases weight concurrently and increases weight over time for men. Overall, results show modest support for the links between marital quality and barriers to leaving on depression and little support for its effect on weight. Results should be interpreted with caution as suppressor effects may be occurring and model fit was poor in the longitudinal models. / text

<p> Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships among learning styles, overall GPA, and major in undergraduate students enrolled in professional programs in the department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences. Methods: This study compared the learning styles of the students to their overall GPA, using the Computerized Assessment Program- Styles of Learning (CAPSOL&copy;) Form B and self-reported GPA. Results: Participants consisted of 231 Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences undergraduate students. Correlation was found between preferred learning styles and actual overall GPA, major and actual overall GPA, and self-reported GPA and actual overall GPA. Conclusion: Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences undergraduate students resulted in preferred learning styles of individual, sequential, and bodily kinesthetic.</p>

<p> Childhood obesity is a major public health concern. The multiple effects of obesity in childhood are long-reaching. Since weight loss and maintenance are very difficult, prevention of obesity is important. Schools have been identified as an important environment for obesity prevention interventions since most children spend a large portion of the day at school. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to determine if the Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) Alabama intervention improved weight status, fitness levels, and health knowledge and behaviors. A 2-by-2 repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine whether differences exist between intervention and comparison students at pretest and posttest. Measures that were explored included BMI Z-scores, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) scores, nutrition knowledge and behavior scores, and physical activity knowledge and behavior scores. Significant advances were observed among intervention students in contrast to comparison students from pretest to posttest for physical fitness (as measured by the PACER), and nutrition and physical activity knowledge. No significant improvements were found for weight status, nutrition behavior, or physical activity behavior. A high prevalence of obesity was observed at pretest. It may be difficult for a primary obesity prevention program to be successful among fifth grade students with such high prevalence rates. A greater effect may be found when intervening with younger children. While schools alone cannot turn the tide on childhood obesity, it is unlikely that improvements can be made without the involvement of schools and programs such as HEAL.</p>

<p> The practice of <i>rueda casino</i> (or <i>salsa casino </i>) has increased worldwide in the last four decades, and the physical, psychological, and psychosocial effects of this dance may improve the health and wellness of participants. There is limited literature defining rueda casino as a social dance and previous findings are from interventions with Latin dance practices. This qualitative description focused on the nature of rueda casino integrating perspectives of archival data from interviews with three experts and the researcher's observations on this partnered and group dance in Mexico City. The findings present rueda casino as a form of dance that has a beneficial impact on the participant's body, self-confidence, cross-gender identity, social integration, and social being, and it opens up possibilities for further research to consider rueda casino as part of an integrative approach to wellness. </p><p> La pr&aacute;ctica de rueda casino (o salsa casino) ha incrementado a nivel mundial en las &uacute;ltimas cuatro d&eacute;cadas, y los efectos f&iacute;sicos, psicol&oacute;gicos y psicosociales de este baile pueden mejorar la salud y bienestar de los participantes. La literatura que describe rueda casino como un baile social es limitada y resultados previos se limitan a estudios con intervenciones con pr&aacute;cticas de baile Latino. Esta descripci&oacute;n cualitativa se enfoca en la esencia de rueda casino. Integra perspectivas, sobre esta forma de baile en pareja y grupal, obtenidas de informaci&oacute;n archivada en entrevistas a tres expertos y las observaciones de la investigadora en la Ciudad de M&eacute;xico. Los resultados muestran que la forma de baile rueda casino tiene un impacto que beneficia al participante en aspectos f&iacute;sicos, de autoconfianza, de identidad de g&eacute;nero, de integraci&oacute;n social, y ser social. Adicionalmente, abre posibilidades para futuras investigaciones que consideren rueda casino como parte de un acercamiento integral al bienestar. </p>

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