Siekiant įvertinti supaprastinto žemės dirbimo ir tiesioginės sėjos įtaką žieminių kviečių agrofitocenozei ir dirvos fizikinėms savybėms atlikti tyrimai 2009-2010 m. ilgalaikiame eksperimente, kuris įrengtas 1988 m. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto Bandymų stotyje giliau karbonatingame giliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje – IDg4-k2 (Endocalc(ar)ic Endohipogleyic Luvicol – LWg-n-ww-cc) FAO, vidutinio sunkumo priemolyje ant smėlingo lengvo priemolio. Lauko eksperimento variantai: 1. Įprastinis arimas 23-25 cm gyliu (IA); 2. Seklusis arimas 12-15 cm gyliu (SA); 3. Gilusis purenimas (kultivavimas strėliniais noragėliais 23-25 cm gyliu) (GP); 4. Seklusis purenimas 12-15 cm gyliu (SP); 5. Tiesioginė sėja į neįdirbtą dirvą (glifosatu purškiama pagal reikalą) (ND). Nustatyta, kad žemės dirbimo supaprastinimas bei tiesioginė sėja ženkliai padidino trumpaamžių ir daugiamečių piktžolių daigų tankumą žieminių kviečių krūmijimosi tarpsnyje, lyginant su įprastiniu arimu. Taikant ilgalaikę tiesioginę sėją žieminių kviečių agrofitocenozėje krūmijimosi tarpsnyje daugiau išplito bekvapis šunramunis, mažoji strugena, dirvinis garstukas ir trikertė žvaginė, lyginant su kitais žemės dirbimo būdais. Bekvapių šunramunių gausumas žieminių kviečių pieninės brandos tarpsnyje buvo taip pat ženkliai didesnis tiesiogiai javus sėjant į ražienas, negu taikant įprastinį ir supaprastintą žemės dirbimą. Didesnis trumpaamžių piktžolių skaičius rastas kviečių pieninės brandos tarpsnyje giliai ir sekliai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to evaluate the effect of reduced tillage and direct seeding on agrophytocenosis of winter wheat and physical properties of soil, tests were carried out. In a long-term experiment conducted in the period between 2009 and 2010, which was installed in 1988 in Experimental Station at Lithuanian University of Agriculture in calcarous and endohypogleyic luvisol – IDg4-k2 (Endocalc(ar)ic Endohipogleyic Luvicol – LWg-n-ww-cc) FAO, in medium loam on sandy light loam. Field experiment options: 1. Routine Plowing depth of 23-25 cm (RP) 2. Shallow Plowing depth of 12-15 cm (SP); 3. Deep Hoeing (cultivation with arrow-type ploughshare, depth of 23-25 cm) (DH); 4. Shallow Hoeing depth of 12-15 cm (SH); 5. Direct Seeding in uncultivated soil (sprayed with glyphosate if necessary) (US). The results show that when compared with conventional tillage, the reduced tillage and direct seeding have significantly increased the density of seedlings of short-lived perennial weeds at the stage of tillering of winter wheat. When compared with other methods of tillage, during long-term direct seeding, at the stage of agrophytocenosis and tillering of winter wheat, the scentless false mayweed, mouse-tail, wild mustard and shepherd's purse were more widespread. Abundance of scentless false mayweed at the stage of lactic ripeness of winter wheat was significantly greater when grains were directly sown in the stubble than using conventional and reduced tillage. A larger number of short-lived... [to full text]

Orientador: Marcelo Loureiro Garcia / Resumo: Com a crescente produção de etanol no Brasil, houve o aumento da geração da vinhaça, que em certas condições pode ser utilizada para a fertirrigação de lavouras de cana-de-açúcar com o intuito de elevar a fertilidade do solo. A pesquisa consistiu na análise temporal e espacial de dados das características químicas e físicas dos solos de uma lavoura de cana-de-açúcar e da vinhaça aplicada, além da análise granulométrica, química e mineralógica de seis amostras de solo coletadas na área de estudo. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que elevados volumes de vinhaça foram calculados em 2014, sendo que os resultados indicaram baixas condições de fertilidade com altas concentrações de H+Al e de CTC total. A análise temporal de uma das glebas da fazenda demonstrou que, em dosagens previamente calculadas, a aplicação de vinhaça pode melhorar a fertilidade do solo e promover a redução da acidez e da toxicidade por alumínio. As análises granulométricas, químicas e mineralógicas caracterizaram o latossolo vermelho da área de estudo como um solo arenoso muito fino a médio com altas concentrações de silicatos e óxidos e hidróxidos de ferro e alumínio com minerais de gibbsita, hematita, quartzo e argilominerais do grupo da caulinita. O estudo avaliou a possibilidade de lixiviação dos cátions de base e de concentração de íons H+ e Al3+ pela hidrólise total e parcial da caulinita e da gibbsita e da decomposição da Matéria Orgânica no período chuvoso, sendo que a fertirrigação repõe ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: As the ethanol production has been developing in Brazil, it resulted on the increase of vinasse generation, which under certain conditions can be used for fertirrigation of sugarcane plantations in order to increase soil fertility. The research consisted of temporal and spatial data analysis of chemical and physical characteristics of soils of the soils of a sugar cane yield and the applied vinasse, in addition to the granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analysis of six soil samples collected in the research area. From the results obtained, it was observed that high volumes of vinasse were calculated in 2014, as the results had also indicated low fertility conditions with high concentrations of H+Al and total CEC. The temporal analysis of the plot 15 demonstrated that, in controlled doses, the application of vinasse can improve soil fertility and promote reduction of acidity and toxicity by aluminum. The granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analyzes characterize the red latosol of the research area as a very fine to medium sandy soil with high concentrations of silicates and oxides and hydroxides of iron and aluminum with minerals of gibbsite, hematite, quartz and clay minerals of the kaolinite group. The research evaluated the possibility of leaching of base cations and concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions by total and partial hydrolysis of kaolinite and decomposition of Organic Matter (OM) in rainy season, with soil moisture restoring and reposition of macronutrients... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In the master’s thesis, we evaluate the impact of different types of soil treatment on the physical and hydro-physical properties of the subsurface layers of soil. The experimental research took place near the town of Šakvice in two chosen areas treated conventionally, i.e. by tillage. The PRP SOL substance was applied to one of the observed areas. Unimpaired soil samples were taken during the vegetation period of the grown crops in the topsoil (10,20 cm) and in the undersoil (30 cm) on 13th May 2009 and on 10th September 2009. The chosen physical parameters of the soil, i.e. the reduced volume mass, the porosity, the distribution of pores, the actual content of water and air, were determined by standard analytical methods. The double-ring infiltration method was used during the field measuring of infiltration. The Philip’s equation and the Philip’s type three-parameter equation were used for the data analysis, serving as a base for estimation of saturated water content Ks. A protractor with a constant gradient was used during laboratory measuring. The results of a year-long research have not shown any major influence of the PRP SOL substance on the physical quality of the subsurface layers of soil in the observed area. On the contrary, the permeability od the soil obtained on the basis of Ks estimation is higher in the area treated by the PRP SOL substance.

Farmland is being handled by various the tillage of soil especially for the correct course of soil processes, plant growth and development and of course profit. There are two types of the tillage of soil are their conventional (classical) which involves plowing and minimization tillage, where is excluded plowing. The last few decades, the development the tillage of soil focuses on minimization tillage. This includes loosing up small depth, soil conservation tillage and direct seeding. This thesis is aimed at impact of minimization tillage on selected physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. Sampling undisturbed soil samples was performed on the experimental plot Kozlany by Kopecky rollers (V = 100 cm3) from depth of 0 - 10 cm, during the year 2016. On this plot was used minimization tillage in the form loosing up small depth and direct seeding.