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Entry level and post professional physical therapy education is enhanced when learners are actively engaging with material/patients through EPA’s and the essential core competencies. Active learning strategies are educational methods where students are actively involved in their learning. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) guide practice based assessment for students and professionals, carrying out trustful activities with multiple competencies. An agreement on the delivery of the essential competencies with active learning strategies to enhance EPA are still up for debate. First round of rapid fire will compare the delivery of content with focus on traditional, flipped and on-line classrooms. The second round of rapid fire will discuss active learning strategies creating or assessing impactful EPA with clear take home examples. Active learning strategies will include Team Based Learning (TBL), Experiential Learning, Reflection and Patient Simulation. This will conclude with a hearty discussion on classroom structure and strategies in pediatric physical therapy education leading to more effective, gratifying, and memorable learning outcomes.

Case-based learning (CBL) is commonly used in physical therapy curricula even though not much evidence exists as to the effectiveness of this instructional tool in physical therapy education. Through qualitative evaluation methodology, the researcher investigated the utilization and implementation of this instructional methodology in selected physical therapy curricula, as well as its perceived effectiveness by physical therapy students, faculty, and administrators. Data collection was performed through classroom observations, interviews,and focus group interviews at eight physical therapy programs across the United States that identified themselves as moderate to high implementers of CBL. Through the analysis of the qualitative data gleaned from the participants, case-based learning was found to be a very effective instructional methodology in these academic programs as described by administrators, faculty, and students alike. Specifically, case-based learning was found to effectively enhance students' learning, problem solving skills, clinical preparedness, and confidence levels. Barriers that may limit the effectiveness of the implementation and utilization of case-based learning were discussed, including stakeholder buy-in, time and cost requirements, an individual knowledge and skill with case-based learning techniques. Multiple factors were found to exist that positively influence the effectiveness of the implementation and utilization of case-based learning including techniques that make the learning experience safe, real, impactful, and empowering.

The purposes for this study were: (a) to establish benchmark metrics for selected variables related to characteristics of physical therapy education programs; and (b) to determine how well a subset of the variables predicted group membership based on first-time pass rates (FTPRs) on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). The population was defined as all physical therapy programs in the United States and Puerto Rico accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Questionnaires soliciting data related to the variables were mailed to the entire population (N = 177). Fifty-eight (32.8%) of the programs returned the questionnaire, with 51 (29%) having provided enough information for inclusion in the study. Characteristics of the sample were compared to known population characteristics in order to determine the extent to which the sample represented the population. Pearson product-moment correlation resulted in a coefficient of .993, indicating that the two groups were similar. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Values for the variables were tabulated in various ways, based on the nature of sponsoring institution, regional location, degree offered, and grouping based on FTPRs, in order to facilitate comparisons. A single institution was selected and comparisons made to demonstrate the utilization of benchmark metrics. Chi-squared tests were conducted to study the relationship between curriculum model, degree offered, and grouping. The resulting values of c 2 indicated that these variables were independent of each other. Classification accuracy was determined through discriminant analysis. Results indicated 80% accuracy for this sample; however, the accuracy was only 47% on cross-validation. Structure coefficients were calculated to determine the relative contribution of each variable to the prediction. The findings demonstrate the usefulness of benchmark metrics for facilitating quality improvement in physical therapy education programs. There is, however, need for improvement in the process, and further research should be conducted to develop a realistic model for predicting group membership based on FTPRs.

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The flipped classroom method is a popular way to use technology to assist with the delivery of educational experiences. Yet there is insufficient information regarding student opinions or outcomes about the flipped classroom method within physical therapy. The purpose of this case report was to describe student opinions and outcomes of the flipped classroom teaching and traditional lecture/lab methods of teaching within musculoskeletal physical therapy. Thirty-six (36) first-year physical therapy students enrolled at a regional physical therapy program completed an anonymous internet-based survey regarding their impressions of traditional and flipped classroom teaching methods. Flipped classroom and traditional teaching methods were both used within the same musculoskeletal course. The survey was created to aid in planning subsequent courses and asked questions about student's preferred teaching method (flipped, traditional, or both equal) across a variety of categories. Student exams scores, using the same question bank, were compared to the year prior as a quantitative outcome measure. Twenty-nine (29) students (81%) completed the survey. Generally, students preferred the flipped classroom. Compared to the previous year, test scores for all content areas were similar (± 4%) except cervical spine which was improved (>10%). When asked outright, 28/29 students preferred the flipped teaching method. Student opinions indicate the flipped classroom is preferable to traditional methods yet objective outcomes appear similar. Physical therapy educators seeking ways to improve the student experience using technology in the classroom may consider utilizing the flipped classroom method.

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This study explored doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students’ attitudes, perceived knowledge, and perceived competence specific to social and structural determinants of health (SDOH). Current students in a DPT program housed within a college of public health in an urban research institution served as the participants for this research. The primary purpose of this study was to explore students’ self-evaluation and perceptions of competence with SDOH in hopes of gaining insight into elements of their education that contributed to their preparedness and/or what strategies and resources are needed to foster competence in this area. A secondary aim of this study was to explore how individual student factors and curricular factors impact students’ awareness of SDOH. A mixed methods study design employed bivariate and multivariate analysis of participants’ responses to self-report Likert scale survey questions and analysis of semi-structured interviews using qualitative description and phenomenological principles. Quantitative data analysis revealed differences in perceived skills competence based on cohort (year one, two, or three in the program) with first-year students demonstrating lower perceived competence. Analysis of attitudes and knowledge demonstrated that all participants held a positive perspective regarding the importance of SDOH as well as perceived foundational knowledge for this content. Quantitative analysis also detected subtle differences in specific sample beliefs and behaviors based on demographic variables such as gender identity, race, and first-generation student status. Qualitative data supported the quantitative findings with participants articulating specific elements of their identities and the DPT curriculum that contributed to their understanding of SDOH. An iterative coding process identified two primary themes that corresponded to the research aims: 1) Learners’ perceived importance of social and structural determinants of health and factors that impact how to address them; and 2) Learning about social and structural determinants of health: What learners bring with them and what they gain throughout the curriculum. These findings shed light on the elements of this educational program that foster students understanding of SDOH and the types of experiences that help clinical learners appreciate the impact of these upstream drivers of health for patients and populations. / Policy, Organizational and Leadership Studies

Graduating sufficient numbers of healthcare providers to fill the needs of an aging population in the United States is a major social concern. To address this problem physical therapist assistant (PTA) programs need to improve their graduation rates to keep up with the demand for qualified personnel. Applying Senge's theory of effective systems, 1 medium-sized community college with an average pass rate of over 90% on the National Physical Therapist Assistant Examination (NPTAE) was selected to address the research question: What are the systems factors and how do they operate together to support student success in an associate degree PTA program? The method was a descriptive case study consisting of interviews, classroom observations, and document review using member checking and triangulation of data, with analysis by topic in order to yield Geertz's 'thick description' of efforts toward student success. A significant array of strategies and cooperative practices within the department were identified that may contribute to success on the NPTAE. Student success might be further enhanced if PTA faculty were even better connected to other College departments, and all successful retention strategies were disseminated throughout the College. While this case study cannot definitively establish a causal link between college-wide student success efforts and the high pass rate on the NPTAE, it is possible to conclude that it provides a context in which the success rate can be understood. The results of this study would suggest that other colleges that want to improve the NPTAE pass rate might consider this model to effect social change by meeting the growing health care needs and challenges in society of all people, especially an aging population.