<p> Virtual aperture culling of the eigenmodes of a resonator (VACER) is a technique to focus light within turbid media at arbitrary locations. A seed pulse of light is directed through a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) into a turbid medium. Though much of the light may be lost, any light which reaches the second PCM is phase conjugated and thus returned to the first PCM where the light will be phase conjugated again. Amplification by the PCMs can prevent decay of the light cycling between the PCMs. Introducing a mechanism which filters light based on position enables attenuation of the modes not traveling through the center of the virtual aperture resulting in a focusing of light at the center of the virtual aperture. The seed pulse and the positioning of the PCMs on opposite sides of the virtual aperture ensure that modes cannot bypass the virtual aperture. Magnetic fields and ultrasound waves are potential means for implementation of a virtual aperture. Generally, only weak filtration mechanisms like magnetic fields and ultrasound waves are innocuous to turbid media. Fortunately, weak effects can strongly cull modes in VACER because the filtration mechanism affects the modes during each pass between PCMs and the modes compete. A combination of theory and computational modeling prove that sound physical principles underlie VACER. Moreover, computational modeling reveals how mode overlap, the seed pulse, and other variables impact VACER performance. Good experimental performance is predicted.</p>

The effect of electrical double layers on the diffusion of spherical colloidal particles was studied using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The diffusion constant was found to equal that of a neutral particle at low and high electrolyte concentration and was reduced by several percent when the electrical double layer is comparable to the particle radius, in agreement with the general theory for charged particles. / PCS studies of bimodal colloidal dispersions included the experimental verification of the bimodal homodyne autocorrelation function and the introduction of quasi-heterodyne detection. / The effect of electrical double layers on the diffusion of rod shaped colloidal particles was studied with PCS, using tobacco mosaic virus particles as probes. The results are qualitatively similar to those for spherical particles, with the minimum occurring when the double layer is comparable to the radius of an equivalent sphere. / The intensity of the light scattered from latex particles in an evanescent wave was measured as a function of the penetration depth of the evanescent wave. The results were found to be consistent with those predicted from DLVO theory.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Mathematics, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4528. Adviser: Jacob Rubinstein. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 22, 2008).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7404. Adviser: J. Gary Eden. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-91) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2005. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-12, Section: B, page: 6703. Chair: John W. Sedat.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Mathematics, 2007. / Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1043. Adviser: Jacob Rubinstein.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6761. Adviser: Ralph G. Nuzzo. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3869. Adviser: Paul Kwiat. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6250. Adviser: Enrico Gratton. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

<p> As a subset of quantum optics, single photons are one of the competing physical resources for quantum information processing. When used as carriers of quantum information, they have no equal. For the processing of quantum information, single photons have proven difficult to scale beyond the order of ~10 photons. The lack of single-photon-level interaction has led to creative approaches which rely on post-selection to filter the possible measured outcomes to those which appear as though interaction occurred. This approach of post-selection leans heavily on the ability to not only generate but also detect scores of single photons simultaneously and with near perfect efficiency. Our work relaxes the emphasis which has been placed on single photons for quantum information processing to that of states with, in principle, an arbitrary number of photons. Central moment expectations on two-mode squeezed states are shown to exhibit post-selection behavior which reflects the single-photon counterpart. These measures are proven to be robust to loss and return entangled state statistics on average. With naive estimation of the central moment, states with ~20 modes are within reach with current technology, closing the gap between quantum states which can and cannot be classically simulated.</p><p>