Thesis (Ed.D)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-258).

Over many decades, much has been written about the use of the history of science in science education, particularly at the secondary school level. Course descriptions published by various education authorities have often included reference to the history of science, although student texts and formal assessment tools have not adequately developed or emphasised that area of study in a way which reflects its significance and potential value. These factors, combined with many teachers’; lack of background in the area, have meant that what happens in many classrooms does not reflect the loftier sentiments expressed in the guiding principles of the course outlines. “Scientific Literacy” has been used as a general theme for science education during the second half of the twentieth century, and particularly since the early 1980s. There has been much debate about the meaning of the concept but some common features have emerged. Among these are the need for students to gain an understanding of the nature of science and to have some appreciation of the history of science. This thesis is based on an acceptance of the Scientific Literacy imperative and on its connection to the development of students as socially responsible members of society.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Margaret G. Shroyer / In this study, the professional development for a physics program called Visual Quantum Mechanics (VQM) was observed and analyzed. Four of the participants in a summer institute as Kansas State University (KSU) volunteered to be observed by the researcher as they implemented the program into their classrooms during the next academic year. Observations were used to determine the effectiveness of the instructional strategies that they used. The students’ perception of the laboratory sessions was evaluated and student understanding of the physics concepts also was determined. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses indicated that the professional development as presented and supported by the KSU team provided teachers with the information necessary to use the VQM program successfully with their students. However, only 30% of the teachers implemented the program during the following school year. Instructional strategies advocated by the VQM program included use of the hands-on equipment and computer simulations as well as discussion techniques. Observations revealed that students were more attentive during laboratory activities and less attentive during the discussions. Nevertheless, discussion proved to be a valuable component of this process. The researcher concluded that high quality professional development encouraged teaches to implement VQM in their classrooms. Although teachers did not always follow the instructional strategies advocated by the program, the inquiry-based hands-on activities and computer simulations kept students attentive. As a result, there was significant learning directly attributable to VQM for the students who participated in the study. Students who finished a complete learning cycle within the activities showed more significant learning than students who did not complete a learning cycle. Professional development can be designed to encourage teachers to implement new skills. For Visual Quantum Mechanics, emphasizing the importance of the whole class discussions, presenting the connections between the concepts and the science standards, and focusing on strategies for implementation will provide additional confidence to teachers as they implement the program in their classrooms.

Procurou-se resgatar parte da história do ensino de Física no Brasil nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, quando o sistema educacional se subordinava à primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação brasileira - a LDB/1961, e, posteriormente, a Lei 5.692/1971. Esta primeira LDB provocou significativas modificações no currículo escolar ao descentralizar os programas das disciplinas escolares concedendo aos Estados e suas escolas a flexibilidade para definirem seus currículos mais ajustados às suas peculiaridades; possibilitou a realização de experiências educacionais e concedeu liberdade aos autores de livros didáticos, suprimindo a obrigatoriedade de seguirem um programa oficial. A partir da análise de documentos que orientaram o currículo nas escolas (legislação educacional, propostas curriculares apresentadas pelos Estados brasileiros, propostas de ensino apresentadas por grupos de pesquisadores e Universidades e livros didáticos de expressiva repercussão) editados no período para o nível equivalente ao atual Ensino Médio, buscou-se compreender os princípios (normativos, filosóficos e didático-pedagógicos) que nortearam o ensino de Física, no contexto colocado. No que tange as propostas curriculares específicas, objetivou-se compreender, por meio de uma análise de conteúdo, as concepções de Ciência e de Educação presentes nas mesmas, adotando como direcionamento da análise duas dimensões cognitivas - Epistemológica e Educativa. Do estudo na legislação, constatou-se a contradição entre o discurso da Lei e as formas de organização curricular que concedeu pouco espaço às disciplinas científicas, incluindo a Física. Contudo, outros fatores contribuíram para alentar o ensino de Ciências promovendo a entrada de propostas inovadoras no país; propiciaram a elaboração de propostas nacionais e também refletiram no mercado editorial dos livros didáticos. Das orientações curriculares específicas analisadas, os resultados revelam que as mesmas assumem diferentes visões de ciência Física: enquanto umas têm a Ciência como um processo dinâmico e de inerência experimental, ainda que alguns aspectos sejam pouco explorados, outras passam a ideia de ciência neutra, linear, ahistórica e, mesmo propondo experimentos, não enfatiza a inerência experimental da Física; priorizam os conceitos/definições e o formalismo matemático. Na perspectiva educacional, o ensino de Física no contexto estudado assumiu diferentes objetivos, tais como: apresentar ao aluno a ciência dos cientistas (transmissão de conteúdos do corpo de conhecimento da ciência/Física numa abordagem mais informativa); formar futuros cientistas e profissionais da área tecnológica e treinar para o acesso ao ensino superior. Algumas propostas assumiram o pressuposto pedagógico de conceder ao aluno uma participação mais ativa e de maior responsabilidade no seu processo de aprendizagem, e o papel do professor recolocado em uma posição mais periférica no processo educativo com a função de programar e controlar o processo de ensino. Outras permaneceram com as características do ensino tradicional, pressupondo um ensino expositivo auxiliado pelos manuais didáticos. / In this work tried to rescue part of the history of Physics teaching in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, when the educational system was subordinated to the first Law of Directives and Bases of Brazilian Education- the LDB/1961 and Law 5.692/1971. This first LDB brought significant changes in the school curriculum when to decentralize school subjects programs giving to the States and their schools the flexibility to define their curricula more suited to their peculiarities; It was possible the development of educational experiences and granted freedom to the textbooks authors, removing the requirement to follow an official program. From the analysis of documents that guided the schools curriculum (educational legislation, curriculum proposals presented by Brazilian states, education proposals submitted by groups from researchers and universities and also significant impact textbooks) published during the period to the equivalent level to the present high school, it was sought to understand the principles (normative, philosophical and didactic pedagogical) that guided the teaching of physics in this appropriate context. Regarding the specific curriculum proposals it was aimed to understand, through a content analysis, the conceptions of Science and Education present in both, adopting as directing the analysis of cognitive dimensions - Epistemological and Educational. From the legislation study, it was possible to find a contradiction between the law discourse and ways of curricular organization that has given little space to the scientific disciplines, including the Physics. However, other factors contributed to encourage the Science teaching promoting the entry of new proposals in the country; they led to the national proposals development and also reflected in the publishing market textbooks. From the analyzed specific curriculum guidelines, the results reveal that they take different views of Physical science: while some of them have science as a dynamic and experimental inherent process, although some aspects are a little explored, others undergo the idea of neutral science, linear, unhistorical and, even when proposed experiments, it does not emphasize the Physics experimental inherence; prioritize the concepts/definitions and mathematical formalism. In the educational perspective, the physics teaching in the studied context took different goals, such as: show to the students the scientists science (transmission of knowledge content in the science/physics in a more informative approach); To train future scientists and professionals in the technological area and as also for access to higher education. Some proposals have taken on the pedagogical presupposed to grant to the student a more active participation and greater responsibility for their learning process, and the teacher role reattached in a more peripheral position in the educational process with the task to program and control the teaching process. Others remained with the teaching traditional characteristics, assuming an expository teaching aided by educational textbooks.

Apresentou-se parte da história do ensino de Física no Brasil de 1996 a 2011, período do sistema educacional em que há uma nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases - a LDB/1996, seguida das diretrizes - a DCNEM/1998, dos parâmetros (PCN/1998 e PCN+/2002) entre outros documentos direcionadores da legislação educacional brasileira (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) e, para o escopo desta pesquisa, fecha com as novas diretrizes - a DCN/2011. Esta LDB, junto aos demais documentos, provocou significativas modificações no currículo escolar ao propor um trabalho voltado para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, concedendo aos Estados e suas escolas a flexibilidade para definirem seus currículos mais ajustados às suas peculiaridades, atendendo as novas demandas de formação. Com base na análise de materiais curriculares estaduais (propostas, orientações entre outros) que orientaram o currículo nas escolas, editados para o nível do Ensino Médio, buscou-se compreender como os princípios norteadores do ensino de Física, no caso os PCN (1998 e 2002), foram inseridos e considerados no contexto. No que tange às propostas curriculares específicas, utilizando Sacristán (2002), objetivou-se o sentido do aprendizado, compreendido com o desenvolvimento de três dimensões dos PCN (Competências gerais, Temas estruturadores e Estratégias da ação), tendo seus desdobramentos nos respectivos critérios de análise. Foram dezessete (17) estados da federação brasileira, totalizando vinte cinco (25) documentos existentes nesse período, analisados em seu histórico da reforma educacional, suas propostas e orientações curriculares, elaboradas e publicadas com o objetivo de atender às novas demandas do ensino de Física Os resultados revelam que esses estados assumem diferentes sentidos do aprendizado de Física: constatou-se a contradição entre o discurso dos documentos legais e as formas de organização curricular em cinco estados (AP, GO, MS, PA e PE), assumindo-se, como atividade a ser ensinada ao aluno, a ciência via transmissão de conteúdos (abordagem mais informativa); sete estados (AC, ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP e TO) e Distrito Federal admitiram o pressuposto pedagógico de conceder elementos de uma concepção de ensino mais ativa e com foco no seu processo de aprendizagem, fazendo uma abordagem que trouxesse as competências do ensino de Física, bem como uma descrição dos conteúdos organizados por eixos temáticos, alinhadas às legislações e diretrizes, em especial, ao tratar os elementos da contextualização e interdisciplinaridade; quatro estados (CE, MG, MT e PR) buscaram uma forma diferenciada de estruturar o currículo, priorizando diferentes dimensões (ora Temas ora Estratégias), porém assumindo uma forma particular de atender à lei nos princípios de contextualização e interdisciplinaridade. Dessa forma, por meio das diferentes dimensões em que esses materiais curriculares prescritivos foram considerados e analisados, visualiza-se o quanto um currículo é um objeto espaço-temporal dependente do contexto e de seus protagonistas, refletindo a expressão formal das funções que pretende desempenhar do ponto de vista da política educacional estadual vigente. / Aimed at presenting part of the Physics teaching history in Brazil, from 1996 to 2011, period in which the educational system has had a new Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) - the LDB/1996, followed by the directives - DCNEM/1998, the parameters (PCN/1998 and PCN+/2002), among other guiding documents of Brazilian educational legislation (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) and, for the scope of this research, finalizing with the new directives - the DCN/2011. That LDB, among the other documents, caused significant modifications to the school curriculums by proposing a work aimed at the development of competences and abilities in a contextualized and interdisciplinary form, granting the States and their schools the flexibility to define their own curriculums, adjusted to their peculiarities and attending the new formation demands. From the analysis of state curriculum materials (proposals, orientations among others) which have guided the curriculums at schools, edited for the high school level, an understanding of how the guiding principles of Physics teaching, the PCNs (1998 and 2002), were inserted and considered in the context was sought. In the scope of the specific curriculum proposals, by utilizing Sacristán (2002), the direction of learning was objectified, comprehending the development of three PCN dimensions (general competences, structural themes and action strategies), unfolding in their respective analysis criteria. Seventeen States of the Brazilian federation were included, totalizing twenty-five analyzed documents, which existed in that period, and in its history of educational reorganization, their curricular proposals and orientations were elaborated and published with the objective of attending to the new demands of Physics teaching. From these states, the results reveal that they assume different meanings of the learning of Physics: the contradiction between the discourse of legal documents and the forms of curricular organization in five states (AP, GO, MS, PA and PE) was verified, assuming as an activity to be taught to the student science through content transmission (more informative approach); eight states (AC, ES, DF, RJ, RS, SC, SP and TO) assumed the pedagogical presupposition of granting elements of a more active teaching concept focused on their learning process, teaching of physics, as well as a description of the contents that were organized by thematic axes, aligned to the legislations and guidelines, in particular, when dealing with the elements of contextualization and interdisciplinarity; four states (CE, MG, MT and PR) sought a differentiated way of structuring the curriculum prioritizing different dimensions (sometimes Themes or Strategies), but assuming a particular way of meeting the law in the principles of contextualization and interdisciplinarity. Thus, through the different dimensions that these prescriptive curricular materials were considered and analyzed, it is visualized how much a curriculum is an object temporal space dependent on the context and its protagonists, reflecting the formal expression of the functions that it intends to perform from the point of view of current state education policy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate four in-service physics teachers&rsquo / beliefs related to Turkish High School Physics Curriculum (THSPC) and to what extent these beliefs are reflected in their instructional practices. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations and an open-ended questionnaire. Teachers&rsquo / responses to interview questions showed that they believed that teaching physics according to the THSPC helped students use their skills, become interested in physics lessons, relate physics to their daily life and have a permanent knowledge. Besides, teachers believe that they can teach physics according to the THSPC generally by giving examples from daily life and creating a discussion environment. The data obtained from classroom observations showed that the beliefs of teachers about how to teach physics according to the THSPC were reflected in their instructional practices. Teachers&rsquo / responses to open-ended questionnaire showed that teachers believed the necessity of attainment of majority of the skill objectives in the THSPC by students. However, they do not consider that students can attain many of the problem solving and information and communication skills. The data obtained from classroom observations showed that they seldom attempted to help students attain them or they never attempted. The data gathered from interviews and an open questionnaire showed that there were some factors that influence teachers&rsquo / instructional practices according to the THSPC. For example, they believe that students&rsquo / interest in physics lessons and teacher&rsquo / s opportunity to give more examples about daily life made their teaching physics according to the THSPC easy. However, they believe that university entrance exam, inadequacy of laboratory environment and lesson hours, students&rsquo / low economic status and lack of information and communication technologies affected their teaching physics according to the THSPC negatively.

Submitted by JEFFERSON TOSCHI null (brasiltjp@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-05T20:49:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_FINAL_JEFFERSON_TOSCHI_OK.pdf: 3302120 bytes, checksum: 9773f837763ffcf89be296afada234e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-07T14:08:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 toschi_j_me_prud.pdf: 3302120 bytes, checksum: 9773f837763ffcf89be296afada234e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T14:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 toschi_j_me_prud.pdf: 3302120 bytes, checksum: 9773f837763ffcf89be296afada234e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A mobilidade urbana está tão ligada ao nosso cotidiano, assim como as Leis Físicas, perante o desafio em ensinar Física aos alunos de uma forma mais próxima e atrativa. São várias as dificuldades que o professor enfrenta para introduzir a compreensão do importante conteúdo de Física que consta no currículo da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo. Tendo como base as dificuldades enfrentadas, foi proposto o trabalho de aproximar a Física dos alunos, de forma a desenvolver um material onde o professor apresenta temas e situações condizentes com a realidade e merecedoras de discussão. Problemas envolvendo cálculos poderão ser criados de acordo com o desenvolvimento das aulas usando o material disponível para cada situação. Envolver o aluno com a Física no Trânsito pode trazer a consciência de que ter o domínio do veículo é muito mais que uma habilidade, é ter um domínio da Física. Não são os cálculos, mais sim os conceitos, reconhecidos e aplicados no momento certo, que nos mantém, com segurança, na estrada. A apresentação de um livro paradidático, como conclusão do trabalho, será desenvolvida dentro das metodologias apresentada. A metodologia desenvolvida contou com a base da teoria de aprendizagem Sociointeracionaista, proposta por Lev S. Vygotsky. Este trabalho vem complementar e apoiar as atividades que constam no currículo estabelecido pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, além de melhorar o ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvido nas escolas públicas do Estado. / Urban mobility is so linked to our daily lives, as well as the Physical Laws, and the challenge in teaching Physics students a closer and attractive way. There are several difficulties that the teacher faces to enter the understanding of important physical content contained in the curriculum of the Department of São Paulo State Education. Based on the difficulties faced, it was proposed to work closer to physics students, in order to develop a material where the teacher presents topics and situations consistent with reality and worthy of discussion. Problems involving calculations can be created according to the development of the classes using the available material for each situation. Engage students with Physics Traffic can bring the awareness to have the vehicle domain is much more than a skill, you have a field of physics. It is not the calculations, but rather the concepts, recognized and applied at the right time, that keeps us safely on the road. The presentation of a book paradidactic as completion of the work will be developed within the methodologies presented. The methodology developed counted on the basis of Sociointeracionaista learning theory proposed by Lev S. Vygotsky. This work will complement and support the activities set out in the curriculum set by the Education Department of the State of São Paulo, in addition to improving the teaching-learning developed in the state's public schools.

Apresentou-se parte da história do ensino de Física no Brasil de 1996 a 2011, período do sistema educacional em que há uma nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases - a LDB/1996, seguida das diretrizes - a DCNEM/1998, dos parâmetros (PCN/1998 e PCN+/2002) entre outros documentos direcionadores da legislação educacional brasileira (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) e, para o escopo desta pesquisa, fecha com as novas diretrizes - a DCN/2011. Esta LDB, junto aos demais documentos, provocou significativas modificações no currículo escolar ao propor um trabalho voltado para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, concedendo aos Estados e suas escolas a flexibilidade para definirem seus currículos mais ajustados às suas peculiaridades, atendendo as novas demandas de formação. Com base na análise de materiais curriculares estaduais (propostas, orientações entre outros) que orientaram o currículo nas escolas, editados para o nível do Ensino Médio, buscou-se compreender como os princípios norteadores do ensino de Física, no caso os PCN (1998 e 2002), foram inseridos e considerados no contexto. No que tange às propostas curriculares específicas, utilizando Sacristán (2002), objetivou-se o sentido do aprendizado, compreendido com o desenvolvimento de três dimensões dos PCN (Competências gerais, Temas estruturadores e Estratégias da ação), tendo seus desdobramentos nos respectivos critérios de análise. Foram dezessete (17) estados da federação brasileira, totalizando vinte cinco (25) documentos existentes nesse período, analisados em seu histórico da reforma educacional, suas propostas e orientações curriculares, elaboradas e publicadas com o objetivo de atender às novas demandas do ensino de Física Os resultados revelam que esses estados assumem diferentes sentidos do aprendizado de Física: constatou-se a contradição entre o discurso dos documentos legais e as formas de organização curricular em cinco estados (AP, GO, MS, PA e PE), assumindo-se, como atividade a ser ensinada ao aluno, a ciência via transmissão de conteúdos (abordagem mais informativa); sete estados (AC, ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP e TO) e Distrito Federal admitiram o pressuposto pedagógico de conceder elementos de uma concepção de ensino mais ativa e com foco no seu processo de aprendizagem, fazendo uma abordagem que trouxesse as competências do ensino de Física, bem como uma descrição dos conteúdos organizados por eixos temáticos, alinhadas às legislações e diretrizes, em especial, ao tratar os elementos da contextualização e interdisciplinaridade; quatro estados (CE, MG, MT e PR) buscaram uma forma diferenciada de estruturar o currículo, priorizando diferentes dimensões (ora Temas ora Estratégias), porém assumindo uma forma particular de atender à lei nos princípios de contextualização e interdisciplinaridade. Dessa forma, por meio das diferentes dimensões em que esses materiais curriculares prescritivos foram considerados e analisados, visualiza-se o quanto um currículo é um objeto espaço-temporal dependente do contexto e de seus protagonistas, refletindo a expressão formal das funções que pretende desempenhar do ponto de vista da política educacional estadual vigente. / Aimed at presenting part of the Physics teaching history in Brazil, from 1996 to 2011, period in which the educational system has had a new Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) - the LDB/1996, followed by the directives - DCNEM/1998, the parameters (PCN/1998 and PCN+/2002), among other guiding documents of Brazilian educational legislation (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) and, for the scope of this research, finalizing with the new directives - the DCN/2011. That LDB, among the other documents, caused significant modifications to the school curriculums by proposing a work aimed at the development of competences and abilities in a contextualized and interdisciplinary form, granting the States and their schools the flexibility to define their own curriculums, adjusted to their peculiarities and attending the new formation demands. From the analysis of state curriculum materials (proposals, orientations among others) which have guided the curriculums at schools, edited for the high school level, an understanding of how the guiding principles of Physics teaching, the PCNs (1998 and 2002), were inserted and considered in the context was sought. In the scope of the specific curriculum proposals, by utilizing Sacristán (2002), the direction of learning was objectified, comprehending the development of three PCN dimensions (general competences, structural themes and action strategies), unfolding in their respective analysis criteria. Seventeen States of the Brazilian federation were included, totalizing twenty-five analyzed documents, which existed in that period, and in its history of educational reorganization, their curricular proposals and orientations were elaborated and published with the objective of attending to the new demands of Physics teaching. From these states, the results reveal that they assume different meanings of the learning of Physics: the contradiction between the discourse of legal documents and the forms of curricular organization in five states (AP, GO, MS, PA and PE) was verified, assuming as an activity to be taught to the student science through content transmission (more informative approach); eight states (AC, ES, DF, RJ, RS, SC, SP and TO) assumed the pedagogical presupposition of granting elements of a more active teaching concept focused on their learning process, teaching of physics, as well as a description of the contents that were organized by thematic axes, aligned to the legislations and guidelines, in particular, when dealing with the elements of contextualization and interdisciplinarity; four states (CE, MG, MT and PR) sought a differentiated way of structuring the curriculum prioritizing different dimensions (sometimes Themes or Strategies), but assuming a particular way of meeting the law in the principles of contextualization and interdisciplinarity. Thus, through the different dimensions that these prescriptive curricular materials were considered and analyzed, it is visualized how much a curriculum is an object temporal space dependent on the context and its protagonists, reflecting the formal expression of the functions that it intends to perform from the point of view of current state education policy.

Procurou-se resgatar parte da história do ensino de Física no Brasil nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, quando o sistema educacional se subordinava à primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação brasileira - a LDB/1961, e, posteriormente, a Lei 5.692/1971. Esta primeira LDB provocou significativas modificações no currículo escolar ao descentralizar os programas das disciplinas escolares concedendo aos Estados e suas escolas a flexibilidade para definirem seus currículos mais ajustados às suas peculiaridades; possibilitou a realização de experiências educacionais e concedeu liberdade aos autores de livros didáticos, suprimindo a obrigatoriedade de seguirem um programa oficial. A partir da análise de documentos que orientaram o currículo nas escolas (legislação educacional, propostas curriculares apresentadas pelos Estados brasileiros, propostas de ensino apresentadas por grupos de pesquisadores e Universidades e livros didáticos de expressiva repercussão) editados no período para o nível equivalente ao atual Ensino Médio, buscou-se compreender os princípios (normativos, filosóficos e didático-pedagógicos) que nortearam o ensino de Física, no contexto colocado. No que tange as propostas curriculares específicas, objetivou-se compreender, por meio de uma análise de conteúdo, as concepções de Ciência e de Educação presentes nas mesmas, adotando como direcionamento da análise duas dimensões cognitivas - Epistemológica e Educativa. Do estudo na legislação, constatou-se a contradição entre o discurso da Lei e as formas de organização curricular que concedeu pouco espaço às disciplinas científicas, incluindo a Física. Contudo, outros fatores contribuíram para alentar o ensino de Ciências promovendo a entrada de propostas inovadoras no país; propiciaram a elaboração de propostas nacionais e também refletiram no mercado editorial dos livros didáticos. Das orientações curriculares específicas analisadas, os resultados revelam que as mesmas assumem diferentes visões de ciência Física: enquanto umas têm a Ciência como um processo dinâmico e de inerência experimental, ainda que alguns aspectos sejam pouco explorados, outras passam a ideia de ciência neutra, linear, ahistórica e, mesmo propondo experimentos, não enfatiza a inerência experimental da Física; priorizam os conceitos/definições e o formalismo matemático. Na perspectiva educacional, o ensino de Física no contexto estudado assumiu diferentes objetivos, tais como: apresentar ao aluno a ciência dos cientistas (transmissão de conteúdos do corpo de conhecimento da ciência/Física numa abordagem mais informativa); formar futuros cientistas e profissionais da área tecnológica e treinar para o acesso ao ensino superior. Algumas propostas assumiram o pressuposto pedagógico de conceder ao aluno uma participação mais ativa e de maior responsabilidade no seu processo de aprendizagem, e o papel do professor recolocado em uma posição mais periférica no processo educativo com a função de programar e controlar o processo de ensino. Outras permaneceram com as características do ensino tradicional, pressupondo um ensino expositivo auxiliado pelos manuais didáticos. / In this work tried to rescue part of the history of Physics teaching in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, when the educational system was subordinated to the first Law of Directives and Bases of Brazilian Education- the LDB/1961 and Law 5.692/1971. This first LDB brought significant changes in the school curriculum when to decentralize school subjects programs giving to the States and their schools the flexibility to define their curricula more suited to their peculiarities; It was possible the development of educational experiences and granted freedom to the textbooks authors, removing the requirement to follow an official program. From the analysis of documents that guided the schools curriculum (educational legislation, curriculum proposals presented by Brazilian states, education proposals submitted by groups from researchers and universities and also significant impact textbooks) published during the period to the equivalent level to the present high school, it was sought to understand the principles (normative, philosophical and didactic pedagogical) that guided the teaching of physics in this appropriate context. Regarding the specific curriculum proposals it was aimed to understand, through a content analysis, the conceptions of Science and Education present in both, adopting as directing the analysis of cognitive dimensions - Epistemological and Educational. From the legislation study, it was possible to find a contradiction between the law discourse and ways of curricular organization that has given little space to the scientific disciplines, including the Physics. However, other factors contributed to encourage the Science teaching promoting the entry of new proposals in the country; they led to the national proposals development and also reflected in the publishing market textbooks. From the analyzed specific curriculum guidelines, the results reveal that they take different views of Physical science: while some of them have science as a dynamic and experimental inherent process, although some aspects are a little explored, others undergo the idea of neutral science, linear, unhistorical and, even when proposed experiments, it does not emphasize the Physics experimental inherence; prioritize the concepts/definitions and mathematical formalism. In the educational perspective, the physics teaching in the studied context took different goals, such as: show to the students the scientists science (transmission of knowledge content in the science/physics in a more informative approach); To train future scientists and professionals in the technological area and as also for access to higher education. Some proposals have taken on the pedagogical presupposed to grant to the student a more active participation and greater responsibility for their learning process, and the teacher role reattached in a more peripheral position in the educational process with the task to program and control the teaching process. Others remained with the teaching traditional characteristics, assuming an expository teaching aided by educational textbooks.

Efforts to improve science education have resulted in proposed innovative teaching methods and changing course sequences such as the inquiry-based Physics First curriculum. This study examined student and alumni perceptions of a Physics First course in a modified curriculum that inverted the traditional course sequence of Biology-Chemistry-Physics (BCP) to an inquiry-based Physics First (PF) curriculum in which students take an inquiry-based physics course as freshman and chemistry as sophomores. This study explored the experiences of students in their ninth grade physics course and how the Physics First curriculum influenced students’ and alumni future STEM course choices and experiences. The qualitative study included a sampling of 16 male students and alumni selected from students currently enrolled and alumni who graduated within five years of the study. All the students interviewed recalled positive, memorable experiences in their Physics-9 course as they explained in their interviews that they enjoyed their Physics-9 course and remembered details about the engaging, hands-on projects as their favorite activities. Since the adoption of the PF curriculum more students were taking honors and AP science courses and over 90% of the students at the site enrolled in four years of science even though only three years were required. Almost all of the students liked science for the first time because of the Physics-9 course.