In an effort to determine the effects of carbohydrate feedings on exercise performance, ten male subjects performed intermittent exercise on an electrically braked cycle ergometer for a total of four hours. At the end of the four hours exercise, subjects performed a timed sprint ride to exhaustion. During the experimental trial, subjects ingested a total 172 g of solid carbohydrate. Repeated carbohydrate feedings improved the time to exhaustion at the end of the exercise, and consequently produced higher blood lactate levels. During the exercise, less muscle glycogen was used with carbohydrate feedings. Carbohydrate feedings, therefore, spare muscle glycogen during endurance exercise and improve sprint performance at the end of such exercise bouts.

This series of experiments was designed to examine various relationships between physical training and acid-base regulation in blood and muscle of man. The specific purposes of these studies were to 1) determine if the buffer capacity of blood differs between endurance trained and untrained males, 2) examine the effects of eight weeks of sprint training on the buffer capacity of blood and muscle, and 3) determine if a difference exists in the buffer capacity of blood and muscle between endurance trained and sprint trained males. Buffer capacity of blood, measured with an exercise titration of blood, was found to be not different between untrained and either sprint trained or endurance trained subjects. The buffer capacity of muscle, measured by observing the change in muscle pH created by known changes in muscle lactate, was found to be significantly greater in sprint trained subjects than both untrained and endurance trained subjects. Muscle buffer capacity was not different between untrained and endurance trained subjects. It was concluded that buffer capacity is atrainable entity but that its improvement is localized within muscle and is specific to the type of training employed.

Purpose. The purpose was to examine venous PO2, transcutaneous tissue PO2 (PtcO 2), and VO2max in a normobaric environment following a single HBO2 treatment. Methods. Ten moderately trained (VO2max = 57.6 mL&middot;kg-1&middot;min -1) males volunteered for the study. Baseline testing included measures of VO2max, PtcO2, and anthropometry. Subjects received two HBO2 treatments, which consisted of breathing 95% oxygen at 2.5 ATA for 90 min. Following the first HBO2 treatment (6.0 +/- 1.0 min), subjects performed a VO2max test. Following the second HBO2 treatment, leg and chest PtcO2 and venous PO2 were monitored for 60 min. Results . VO2max, running time, and peak La were not altered (p < 0.05) post-HBO2 treatment. Leg PtcO2 was lower (p < 0.05) and chest PtcO2 was unchanged following the HBO2 treatment compared to baseline values. Venous PO2 was lower in the first 3 min post-HBO2 treatment than subsequent values, but no other differences were found (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study show that a single HBO 2 treatment at 2.5 ATA for 90 min does not elevate venous PO2, PtcO2, or VO2max in a normobaric, normoxic environment.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to examine the three-dimensional movement profile of the blade during a stationary slap shot, as a function of blade construction properties and player skill level. A total of fifteen subjects participated in this study; eight were classified as elite and the remaining seven were recreational. Performances were evaluated by simultaneously recording the movements of the stick's lower shaft and blade with high-speed video (1000 Hz), the time and duration of stick-ground contact with two uniaxial forceplates, and time of blade-puck contact with a uniaxial accelerometer mounted within the puck. Data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA for several dependent variables, including: linear kinematics, temporal phase data, and global angles. The results indicated that elite shooters tended to alter timing parameters (i.e. phase length), magnitude of linear variables (i.e. displacement, etc.), and the overall blade orientation to achieve a higher velocity slap shot. These analyses helped to identify a unique rocker phase within the execution of the slap shot in both groups. Further studies are needed to discern the precise role and function of the rocker phase, in order to advance the cause of hockey stick, specifically blade design and development.

Graduation date: 1985

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-57). / x, 57 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm

The analgesic effect of acupuncture is well known. Areas in the brain and higher centres that are activated by acupuncture have been mapped out. Some of these areas are also implicated in the modulation of motor function. In addition to pain relief, acupuncture has been found to increase range of movement in patients with increased muscle tone. There is, however, scant knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect.

Thesis (Ph.D.)—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1975. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-303) / This electronic version was scanned from a copy of the thesis on file at the MIT Speech Communication Group. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.

To determine the effect of stroke rate on lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and heart rate during ergometer rowing, pilot investigations were necessary to clarify methodological procedures. To examine the validity of using blood taken from the toe for the assessment of plasma lactate concentration, values were compared with those taken from the fingertip and earlobe. Subjects (n=9) exercised at work intensities corresponding to 76.4+/-6.1% and 91.4+/-4.7% of estimated heart rate maximum for 4 minutes. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between any of the sites at either work intensity. The toe has the advantage that repeated blood samples may be removed without interrupting the rowing action. A test to establish maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was developed for the Concept II rowing ergometer and examined for validity and reliability in 31 rowers. Re-test data for VO2max proved reliable (r=0.86), although not all of the criteria for ascertaining whether a VO2max value had been achieved, were satisfied. This was due to differences in response to maximal exercise among individuals. A final respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.10 rather than 1.15 was recommended as a criterion for establishing VO2max for club level rowers. To determine the highest level of work that can be sustained during rowing exercise without an increase in plasma lactate concentration, 30 subjects exercised for 10 minutes at work intensities corresponding to 75%, 85% and 95% VO2max. From the results, it was hypothesised that subjects could work for 7 minutes at 80% VO2max without significant differences occurring in plasma lactate concentration taken in the last minute of exercise of successive tests. These values were confirmed with a further study on 11 subjects. A method of directly measuring mechanical variables from the ergometer was initiated. It was hypothesised that the data collected from this and preceding studies could be used for further investigation into the effect of stroke rate on both physiological and mechanical variables.