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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

CaracterizaÃÃo fisica, fisico-quÃmica e enzimÃtica de frutos de seis cultivares de coqueiro anÃo em diferentes estadios de desenvolvimento / Phisical phisic-chemical, and enzimatic characterization of fruits of six dwarf coconut cultivars at different stages of development

Vlayrton Tomà Maciel 14 February 2008 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar as alteraÃÃes fÃsicas nos frutos e fÃsico-quÃmicas, enzimÃticas e sensoriais na Ãgua de coco de seis cultivares de coqueiro anÃo em sete estÃdios de desenvolvimento. As cultivares analisadas foram: AnÃo Verde de Jequi (AVeJ), AnÃo Amarelo de Gramame (AAG), AnÃo Amarelo da MalÃsia (AAM), AnÃo Vermelho de CamarÃes (AVC), AnÃo Vermelho da MalÃsia (AVM), sendo os frutos colhidos em um campo experimental da Embrapa Meio Norte (ParnaÃba, PI) nos seguintes estÃdios de desenvolvimento: 126, 147, 168, 189, 210, 231, 252 dias apÃs a abertura da inflorescÃncia. Logo apÃs a colheita, os frutos foram conduzidos para o laboratÃrio de Fisiologia e Tecnologia de PÃs-colheita na Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical, em Fortaleza, CearÃ, onde foram feitas as anÃlises fÃsicas e fÃsico-quÃmicas. Parte das amostras foram armazenadas a -85ÂC e, em seguida, transportadas para o LaboratÃrio de Fisiologia Vegetal, do Departamento de BioquÃmica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, onde foram feitas as anÃlises enzimÃticas. O experimento seguiu um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial do tipo 6 x 7,. Foram feitas as caracterizaÃÃes fÃsicas individuais dos frutos (massa, comprimento maior, diÃmetro, volume da Ãgua e cor da casca), e em seguida, as avaliaÃÃes fÃsico-quÃmicas da Ãgua de coco: sÃlidos solÃveis totais (SS), aÃÃcares solÃveis totais (AST) e redutores (AR), acidez total titulÃvel (ATT), relaÃÃo SS/ATT, pH, turbidez e proteÃna). Foram, tambÃm, avaliadas as atividades das enzimas que oxidam fenÃis [polifenoloxidase (PFO) e peroxidase especÃfica para o guaiacol (G-POD)], bem como aquelas do ciclo do ascorbato-glutationa [dismutase do superÃxido (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase do ascorbato (APX)], sendo tambÃm determinados alguns atributos sensoriais da Ãgua de coco. Os resultados deste experimento mostraram que as cultivares AVM, AAG e AAM, podem ser exploradas comercialmente, devido Ãs qualidade fÃsicas e fÃsico-quÃmicas que apresentaram. Pode-se concluir tambÃm que, independente da cultivar, o melhor perÃodo para colheita encontra-se na faixa de 189 a 210 dias de desenvolvimento dos frutos, pois nesse perÃodo as cultivares analisadas apresentaram os melhores atributos de qualidade.. NÃo foi detectada atividade da G-POD na Ãgua de coco de nenhuma das cultivares. A atividade da SOD na Ãgua de coco aumentou nos estÃdios iniciais de desenvolvimento dos frutos de todas as cultivares, destacando-se as cultivares AVG e AVeJ como as que apresentaram maiores atividades dessa enzima. A CAT mostrou-se a principal enzima eliminadora de perÃxido de hidrogÃnio da Ãgua de coco e sua atividade variou muito com o desenvolvimento dos frutos e tambÃm entre as cultivares / This study aimed at characterizing in fruit and physico-chemical, and sensory enzyme in the coconut water the of six dwarf coconut cultivars at seven stages of development. The studied cultivars were: Green dwarf from Jequi (GDJ), yellow dwarf from Gramame (YDG), yellow dwarf from Malaysia (YDM), Red dwarf from Cameroon (YDC), Red dwarf from Malaysia (RDM), Red dwarf from Gramame (RDG). Fruits were harvested from an experimental field, Embrapa Meio Norte (Parnaiba city, Piauà State), at the following stages of development: 126, 147, 168, 189, 210, 231, and 252 days after the opening of the inflorescences. Upon harvest, fruits were taken to the Laboratory of Postharvest physiology and technology at Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, located in Fortaleza, CearÃ, were the physical and physic-chemical analyses were performed. Part of the samples were stored at -85ÂC and then transported to the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department from The Federal University of CearÃ, were the enzymatic study was conducted. The experimental designed was a completely randomized one in a factorial scheme 6 x 7. First physical characterization (mass, length, diameter, water volume, and color of the shell) was individually performed for each fruit, then the physic-chemical analyses of coconut water: total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble sugar (TSSu), reducing sugars (RS), total titratable acidity (TTA), sugar to acid ratio (TSS/TTA), pH, turbidity, and protein. It was also evaluated the activities of enzymes that oxide phenols [polyphenoloxidase (PFO) and peroxidase specific for the guaiacol (G-POD)], as well as those of the cycle of ascorbate-glutathione [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover some of the sensory aspects of the water were evaluated. The results showed that the YDR, YDG, and RDG may be commercially exploited, due to their physical and physic-chemical characteristics. It was also concluded that, the best time for harvesting is somewhat between 189 to 210 days after fruit developed set, since right at this time the studied cultivars presented the best quality attributes. There was detected activity of G-POD in the coconut water from any of the cultivars. The activity of SOD in the coconut water increased in the early stages of development of the fruits of all the cultivars, such as RDG and YDG cultivars such as those that showed higher enzyme activity. A CAT proved to be the main enzyme eliminating of hydrogen peroxide of coconut water and its activity varied greatly it the development of the fruit and also between the cultivars

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