by Linda, Fu Lap Kun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-128). / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.xii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO : --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- BIOLOGY OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Normal cartilage --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Composition and properties --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Morphology of normal cartilage --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Degeneration of cartilage --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Morphology of degenerative cartilage --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Biochemical characteristics of degenerative cartilage --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Healing of degenerated articular cartilage --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- METHODS TO CREATE OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Immobilization --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Instability method --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- SCORING OF OSTEOARTHRITIS --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Gross morphology --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Mapping of OA area --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Amount of synovial fluid --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Mobility --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Histological scoring --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Biochemical comparison --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Water content --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Proteoglycan --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Biology of Hyaluronic acid --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Repairing properties of Hyaluronic acid in OA --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The pharmacology of Hyalgan --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Intraarticular injection of Hyaluronic acid in animals --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- CREATING OSTEOARTHRITIC MODEL --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Animals --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Instabilization --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Reagent and Apparatus --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Procedure --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Immobilization --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Reagent and Apparatus --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Procedure --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- METHODS OF ASSESSMENT --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Gross structure comparison --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Gross mapping of the OA areas --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Histochemical scoring --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Procedure --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2.1.1 --- Hematoxylin & eosin stain --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2.1.2 --- Safranin O stain --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Biochemical assessment --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Water content --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Proteoglycan content --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Reagent --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Procedure --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- Standard curve --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- METHODS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS --- p.53 / Chapter 3.5 --- RESULTS --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Gross morphology --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- General appearance --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Gross osteoarthritic area --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Histological results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Histological appearance --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Results of biochemical assay --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Water content --- p.66 / Chapter 3.5.3.2 --- Proteoglycan --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6 --- DISCUSSION --- p.72 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Relation between gross OA area & Mankin's score --- p.72 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Relation between gross OA area & GAG content --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Relation between Mankin's score & water content --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Relation between Mankin's score & GAG content --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Comparison of the four different parameters --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6.6 --- Merit on the four parameters --- p.84 / Chapter 3.6.6 --- Consistency & reproducible of the OA model --- p.85 / Chapter 3.6.7 --- Moderately severe OA model was needed in Part II --- p.86 / Chapter 3.7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.86 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- HEALING OF CARTILAGE --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Establishing the osteoarthritis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Treatment of the rabbits --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Reagent and Apparatus --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Procedure --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Methods of assessment --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Methods of statistical analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- RESULTS --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Gross OA area --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Mankin's score --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Water content --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Proteoglycan . . --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Results of Part I and Part II --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Morphological comparison --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Biochemical comparison --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Comparison of the results in two parts of experiment --- p.111 / Chapter 4.5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.113 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.114 / APPENDIX --- p.129

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. Stockholm : Karol. inst.

Chu Xiangyang. / Thesis submitted in: December 1999. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.v / ABBREVIATION --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.viii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- History of laparoscopic surgery --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Diagnostic laparoscopy --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Operative laparoscopy --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pediatric laparoscopy --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pathophysiology of pneumoperitoneum --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Choice of gas for pneumoperitoneum --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- C02 absorption and acid-base balance --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effects of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory system --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Effects of pneumoperitoneum on circulatory system --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Due to hypercarbia --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Due to increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Pathophysiology of peritonitis --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Animal model of peritonitis --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Effects of peritonitis on cardiovascular system --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5 --- The purpose of this study --- p.33 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals and grouping --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2 --- Anaesthesia and procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Pulmonary monitoring --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hemodynamic monitoring --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Arterial catheter --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Pulmonary arterial catheter --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Cardiac output measurement --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5 --- Experimental design --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Operative intervention --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- C02 pneumoperitoneum --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Data collection --- p.48 / Chapter 2.6 --- Blood gas analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7 --- Oxygenation analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.8 --- Histological study --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9 --- Equations used for calculations --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Baseline physiological measurements --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Acid-base balance measurements --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- End tidal C02 tension (PetC02) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Arterial partial pressure of C02 (PaC02) --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Arterial pH (pHa) --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Arterial bicarbonate (HC03a-) --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Arterial base excess (BEa) --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hemodynamic measurements --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Mean arterial pressure (MAP) --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Central venous pressure (CVP) --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Heart rate (HR) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Cardiac index (CI) --- p.93 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Stroke volume index (SVI) --- p.96 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) --- p.100 / Chapter 3.4 --- Respiratory and oxygenation measurements --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Arterial oxygen saturation (Sa02) --- p.105 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Arterial oxygen content (Ca02) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Oxygen delivery index (D02I) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Oxygen consumption index (V02I) --- p.107 / Chapter 3.5 --- Pathology --- p.108 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Effects on C02 homeostasis --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects on hemodynamics --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects on oxygenation --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3 --- Evaluation of the animal model --- p.124 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future prospective --- p.129 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.130