Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, School of Medicine. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 190-203) Also available electronically.

Thesis (M.Arch.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Soil pollution is one of the problems that obstruct sustainable development in the affected regions, posing a threat to the local environment, ecosystems and human wellbeing. Phytoremediation is one of the techniques used to clean polluted soils. It relies on the ability of some plants to absorb or stabilize certain substances from soil, including organic and inorganic pollutants. Amaranth was chosen as a potential candidate for the proposed phytoremediation project in Chinandega region, Nicaragua, an area that was heavily used for cotton production in the last century, and is now characterised as having high levels of soil pollution, Cd being one of the most common one. The aspects such as opportunities and limitations for the designing of such a project, as well as its contribution to the sustainable development of the region were examined in this thesis. To further support the investigation, the laboratory experiment was performed to study the uptake rate of Cd by amaranth in a greenhouse conditions. The results of the study show that the main opportunities for the design of this project would be the possibility of combining the cleaning of soil with co-benefits such as producing food and energy, as well as additional removal of organic pollutants. The main limitations would be the lack of initial data about the pollution, and possible economic losses due to inability of using amaranth for food. The implementation of this project in real life would mean a support of sustainable development of the Chinandega region on many levels, including social, environmental and economic benefits. The results of the laboratory pot experiment are yet to be included in the study, as the experiment still continues. / <p>2017-10-30</p>

Soil pollution is one of the problems that obstruct sustainable development in the affected regions, posing a threat to the local environment, ecosystems and human wellbeing. Phytoremediation is one of the techniques used to clean polluted soils. It relies on the ability of some plants to absorb or stabilize certain substances from soil, including organic and inorganic pollutants. Amaranth was chosen as a potential candidate for the proposed phytoremediation project in Chinandega region, Nicaragua, an area that was heavily used for cotton production in the last century, and is now characterised as having high levels of soil pollution, Cd being one of the most common one. The aspects such as opportunities and limitations for the designing of such a project, as well as its contribution to the sustainable development of the region were examined in this thesis. To further support the investigation, the laboratory experiment was performed to study the uptake rate of Cd by amaranth in a greenhouse conditions. The results of the study show that the main opportunities for the design of this project would be the possibility of combining the cleaning of soil with co-benefits such as producing food and energy, as well as additional removal of organic pollutants. The main limitations would be the lack of initial data about the pollution, and possible economic losses due to inability of using amaranth for food. The implementation of this project in real life would mean a support of sustainable development of the Chinandega region on many levels, including social, environmental and economic benefits. The results of the laboratory pot experiment are yet to be included in the study, as the experiment still continues. / <p>20171030</p>

GARCIA, Kaio Gráculo Vieira. Desenvolvimento de Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. colonizada com micorrizas arbusculares em solos degradados por mineração de Mn. 2015. 67 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em agronomia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T20:53:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_kgvgarcia.pdf: 2171289 bytes, checksum: d8eb104e6fa2ca51e28be7355960d1c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-31T23:18:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_kgvgarcia.pdf: 2171289 bytes, checksum: d8eb104e6fa2ca51e28be7355960d1c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T23:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_kgvgarcia.pdf: 2171289 bytes, checksum: d8eb104e6fa2ca51e28be7355960d1c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Mineral exploration is considered a major human activities that cause soil pollution with metals, among which is manganese, which when too much can cause toxic symptoms, inhibiting the growth of plants and cause changes in plant communities. In this sense, the search for alternatives to minimize this type of impact is required. A technique considered recent and promising that has been used is phytoremediation, which basically consists of using plants to uptake and accumulation of heavy metals. In this context, the use of plants associated with FMA may improve the uptake of water and nutrients, besides aiding in the plant developing adverse local and contribute to reducing the availability of heavy metals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation in the development of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in soils manganese mining impact. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with experimental design of randomized type in a factorial arrangement 2x2x4, considering: two types of soil (degraded by tailings from the mining Mn and preserved forest); two soil conditions (sterile and natural) and four inoculation treatments (uninoculated (control), inoculated with G. clarum; inoculated with G. etunicatum; inoculated with G. clarum + G. etunicatum (Mix)), with four repetitions. At 60 days after transplanting were evaluated parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, dry matter of shoot and root, length of root system, relative chlorophyll index, spore density of AMF in the soil, root mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal efficiency, macro accumulation (N, P and K) in shoots and manganese in shoot and root and translocation factor. The cultivation on degraded soil by waste of manganese mining reduced the development of thrush plants when compared to cultivated preserved in forest soil, regardless of soil condition and inoculation treatments. Inoculation with G. etunicatum and the Mix, favored the development of plants in sterile condition, regardless of the type of soil, increasing its capacity of tolerance to Mn. The high Mn content in the roots indicate that the thrush (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) May be effective in phytostabilization process in areas degraded by mining Mn. / A exploração mineral é considerada uma das principais ações antrópicas que causam a poluição do solo com metais, dentre os quais se encontra o manganês, que quando em excesso pode causar sintomas de toxidez, inibir o crescimento das plantas e causar alterações nas comunidades vegetais. Neste sentido, é necessário a busca por alternativas que minimizem este tipo de impacto. Uma técnica considerada recente e bastante promissora que vem sendo utilizada é a fitorremediação, que consiste basicamente no uso de plantas para absorção e acúmulo de metais pesados. Nesse contexto, a utilização de plantas associadas a FMA, pode melhorar a absorção de água e nutrientes, além de auxiliar no desenvolvimento vegetal em locais adversos e contribuir na redução para disponibilidade de metais pesados. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculação micorrízica no desenvolvimento da Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. em solos sob impacto de mineração de manganês. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental do tipo inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2x4, considerando-se: dois tipos de solo (degradado pelo rejeito da mineração de Mn e mata preservada); duas condições de solo (estéril e natural) e quatro tratamentos de inoculação (não inoculado (controle); inoculado com G. clarum; inoculado com G. etunicatum; inoculado com G. clarum + G. etunicatum (Mix)), com quatro repetições. Aos 60 dias após o transplantio foram avaliados os parâmetros de: altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folíolos, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz, comprimento do sistema radicular, índice relativo de clorofila, densidade de esporos de FMA no solo, colonização micorrízica radicular, eficiência micorrízica, acúmulo de macro (N, P e K) na parte aérea e manganês na parte aérea e raiz e fator de translocação. O cultivo em solo degradado pelo rejeito da mineração de manganês reduziu o desenvolvimento das plantas de sabiá quando comparadas às cultivadas no solo de mata preservada, independente da condição de solo e dos tratamentos de inoculação. A inoculação com G. etunicatum e o Mix, favoreceram o desenvolvimento das plantas em condição estéril, independentemente do tipo de solo, aumentando sua capacidade de tolerância ao Mn. Os elevados teores de Mn nas raízes indicam que o sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) pode ser eficaz no processo de fitoestabilização em áreas degradadas pela mineração de Mn.

The field of nanoecotoxicology has been pioneered in recent years as concern grows in response to the potential environmental hazards of engineered nanoparticle release. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) release through induction into commercial products as an antimicrobiont is of particular interest. Plausible routes of AgNPs to reach aquatic systems and their biological impacts have been investigated, but none have addressed the potential remediation of these waters using the heavy metal accumulating fern Azolla caroliniana. This study employed biological staining techniques and fluorescence microscopy to identify oxidative stress, wounding responses of cell wall and membrane, and cell death of A. caroliniana roots to assess the capability of this plant to withstand AgNP exposure. Two concentrations series were applied, 0-1.0ppm and 0-10.0ppm for 1, 3, 5 days after transfer (DAT), 0ppm being a control. Oxidative stress, measured in production of non-specific ROS, increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing AgNP concentration. Callose (1,3-β-glucan) was deposited in response to potential cell wall damage and was also observed to be elevated in a dose-dependent manner. Cell vitality appeared from a general decline in fluorescence of nucleic content to visual nuclei lysis. Statistically significant and severe responses to AgNPs was observed at 1 DAT but recovery could be seen at 3~5 DAT. In sum, these data suggest a toxicity threshold of 1.0ppm at which A. caroliniana roots can mediate exposure.

Orientador: Liliane Lazzari Albertin / Resumo: A presença de fármacos e parabenos em esgoto doméstico é uma questão de grande preocupação devido seus efeitos negativos em ecossistemas e na saúde humana. Neste sentido a fitoremediação surge como sendo uma alternativa vantajosa de remoção dos micropoluentes, o baixo custo de implantação e manutenção é um fator atrativo. O presente estudo visa avaliar a capacidade de duas macrófitas aquáticas (Landoltia punctata e Lemna minor.), para remoção de fármacos (Diclofenaco e Naproxeno) e parabenos (Metil e Propil parabeno) do esgoto doméstico. Foram utilizados dois tanques de 3000 mil litros, sendo Tanque A composto por Landoltia punctata e Tanque B , Lemna minor, foram coletadas amostras a cada três dias durante 21 dias nos períodos diurno e vespertino. Os resultados de remoção para os fármacos do Tanque B, em média 0,63 g/L( remoção de 96.70% ) para diclofenaco e 30,60g/L para naproxeno (remoção de 49,29%) respectivamente, enquanto o Tanque A atingiu 3,42g/L para diclofenaco e (remoção de 80,4%) 34,47g/L para naproxeno (remoção de 36,85%). Os resultados para remoções de metilparabeno foi para tanque A (diurno e vespertino) foram de 14,36 e 14,78g/l, (remoção de 90,87% e 90,60%), enquanto o tanque B foi de 16,86 g/L para período diurno ( eficiência de 90,61%), 17,22g/L, e a sua (eficiência de 89,05%) durante o período vespertino. Para propil parabeno houve uma maior remoção para tanque B de 16,18 g/L para (PrPP), ( eficiência de 89,35%), enquanto que para o período ves... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mirandasantos_l_me_bauru.pdf: 970517 bytes, checksum: 3f3ada1e5d63953f86063046acf229ea (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Reproduzir processos naturais é um desafio necessário quando se deseja que os resultados de um experimento sejam o mais próximo do real. Tratando-se do tratamento de águas residuárias, a utilização de sistemas de alagados construídos apresenta-se como melhor maneira encontrada para a introdução de tecnologias de otimização de processos. Construídos em forma de tanques, esses sistemas são formados por leitos impermeabilizados com mantas geotextil. Para fins experimentais foram criados 6 tanques para análises conduzidas durante 12 meses. Tais sistemas demonostrarm sua eficiência, uma vez que foram projetados para utilizar plantas que, sob condições ideais, atuam de forma a contribuir com o processo de depuração do esgoto. O tipo de vegetação utilizada nessa pesquisa foi o capim (chrysopogon zizanioides) que, implantado nos leitos de cultivo, atuou como extrator de nutrientes necessários para o seu crescimento e, consequentemente transferindo oxigênio para o substrato, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de biofilmes ativos responsáveis pela degradação dos compostos orgânicos que poluem os recursos hídricos. O capim Vetiver utilizado nessa pesquisa é, portanto, o determinante direto da depuração do meio e pode ser considerado como ideal quando se verifica que trata-se de uma gramínea perene e tolerante a condições ambientais adversas. O capim vetiver exige cortes periódicos, mas por sua notoriedade e resistência, tornou-se objeto dessa pesquisa que, objetivou avaliar a eficiência da gramínea em sistemas de tratamento do tipo alagados construídos. Para tanto foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do efluente bem como análises nutricionais e morfológicas do vegetal. Verificou-se, assim, que as amostras retiradas durante o experimento apresentaram significativas taxas de eficiência... / Reproduced the natural processes is a necessary challenge when want the results of an experiment is the closest to the real. In the case of wastewater treatment, the use of systems 'constructed wetlands appears as the best way found to technology introduction of process optimization. Built in the form of tanks, this system is formed by impermeable beds. For scientific purposes were created 6 tanks for analysis during months. These systems have demonstrated their efficiency as they were designed to use plants that, under ideal conditions, act in ways that contribute to the process of purification of sewage The type vegetation used in this research is the vetiver grass (chrysopogon zizaniodes) that implanted in the beds of culture, acts as an extractor of nutrients required for their growth and consequently transfer oxygen to the substrate favoring the development of active biolfilms responsible for the degradation of organic compounds that pollute water resources. The vetiver grass used in this study is therefore the determinant of the purification and can be considered as ideal when it finds that it is a perennial grass and tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. The vertiver grass exiges periodic shutdowns but for his notoriety and endurance, became the object of this research that has to evaluate the efficiency of the Vertiver grass when used at constructed wetlands. Were made physic-chemical analyzes of the effluent as well as nutritional and morphological analyzes of the plant. It was found thus that the samples taken during the experiment showed significant rate removal efficiency of polluants. Given these results, aspects such as high rates of production of green mass, dry mass by square meter were found in beds filled with expanded polystyrene. It was concluded therefore that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira / Banca: Jandira Lira B. Talamoni / Banca: Ilza Machado Kaiser / Resumo: Reproduzir processos naturais é um desafio necessário quando se deseja que os resultados de um experimento sejam o mais próximo do real. Tratando-se do tratamento de águas residuárias, a utilização de sistemas de "alagados construídos" apresenta-se como melhor maneira encontrada para a introdução de tecnologias de otimização de processos. Construídos em forma de tanques, esses sistemas são formados por leitos impermeabilizados com mantas geotextil. Para fins experimentais foram criados 6 tanques para análises conduzidas durante 12 meses. Tais sistemas demonostrarm sua eficiência, uma vez que foram projetados para utilizar plantas que, sob condições ideais, atuam de forma a contribuir com o processo de depuração do esgoto. O tipo de vegetação utilizada nessa pesquisa foi o capim (chrysopogon zizanioides) que, implantado nos leitos de cultivo, atuou como extrator de nutrientes necessários para o seu crescimento e, consequentemente transferindo oxigênio para o substrato, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de biofilmes ativos responsáveis pela degradação dos compostos orgânicos que poluem os recursos hídricos. O capim Vetiver utilizado nessa pesquisa é, portanto, o determinante direto da depuração do meio e pode ser considerado como ideal quando se verifica que trata-se de uma gramínea perene e tolerante a condições ambientais adversas. O capim vetiver exige cortes periódicos, mas por sua notoriedade e resistência, tornou-se objeto dessa pesquisa que, objetivou avaliar a eficiência da gramínea em sistemas de tratamento do tipo "alagados construídos". Para tanto foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do efluente bem como análises nutricionais e morfológicas do vegetal. Verificou-se, assim, que as amostras retiradas durante o experimento apresentaram significativas taxas de eficiência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Reproduced the natural processes is a necessary challenge when want the results of an experiment is the closest to the real. In the case of wastewater treatment, the use of systems 'constructed wetlands" appears as the best way found to technology introduction of process optimization. Built in the form of tanks, this system is formed by impermeable beds. For scientific purposes were created 6 tanks for analysis during months. These systems have demonstrated their efficiency as they were designed to use plants that, under ideal conditions, act in ways that contribute to the process of purification of sewage The type vegetation used in this research is the vetiver grass (chrysopogon zizaniodes) that implanted in the beds of culture, acts as an extractor of nutrients required for their growth and consequently transfer oxygen to the substrate favoring the development of active biolfilms responsible for the degradation of organic compounds that pollute water resources. The vetiver grass used in this study is therefore the determinant of the purification and can be considered as ideal when it finds that it is a perennial grass and tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. The vertiver grass exiges periodic shutdowns but for his notoriety and endurance, became the object of this research that has to evaluate the efficiency of the Vertiver grass when used at "constructed wetlands". Were made physic-chemical analyzes of the effluent as well as nutritional and morphological analyzes of the plant. It was found thus that the samples taken during the experiment showed significant rate removal efficiency of polluants. Given these results, aspects such as high rates of production of green mass, dry mass by square meter were found in beds filled with expanded polystyrene. It was concluded therefore that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Mineral exploration is considered a major human activities that cause soil pollution with metals, among which is manganese, which when too much can cause toxic symptoms, inhibiting the growth of plants and cause changes in plant communities. In this sense, the search for alternatives to minimize this type of impact is required. A technique considered recent and promising that has been used is phytoremediation, which basically consists of using plants to uptake and accumulation of heavy metals. In this context, the use of plants associated with FMA may improve the uptake of water and nutrients, besides aiding in the plant developing adverse local and contribute to reducing the availability of heavy metals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation in the development of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in soils manganese mining impact. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with experimental design of randomized type in a factorial arrangement 2x2x4, considering: two types of soil (degraded by tailings from the mining Mn and preserved forest); two soil conditions (sterile and natural) and four inoculation treatments (uninoculated (control), inoculated with G. clarum; inoculated with G. etunicatum; inoculated with G. clarum + G. etunicatum (Mix)), with four repetitions. At 60 days after transplanting were evaluated parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, dry matter of shoot and root, length of root system, relative chlorophyll index, spore density of AMF in the soil, root mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal efficiency, macro accumulation (N, P and K) in shoots and manganese in shoot and root and translocation factor. The cultivation on degraded soil by waste of manganese mining reduced the development of thrush plants when compared to cultivated preserved in forest soil, regardless of soil condition and inoculation treatments. Inoculation with G. etunicatum and the Mix, favored the development of plants in sterile condition, regardless of the type of soil, increasing its capacity of tolerance to Mn. The high Mn content in the roots indicate that the thrush (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) May be effective in phytostabilization process in areas degraded by mining Mn. / A exploraÃÃo mineral à considerada uma das principais aÃÃes antrÃpicas que causam a poluiÃÃo do solo com metais, dentre os quais se encontra o manganÃs, que quando em excesso pode causar sintomas de toxidez, inibir o crescimento das plantas e causar alteraÃÃes nas comunidades vegetais. Neste sentido, à necessÃrio a busca por alternativas que minimizem este tipo de impacto. Uma tÃcnica considerada recente e bastante promissora que vem sendo utilizada à a fitorremediaÃÃo, que consiste basicamente no uso de plantas para absorÃÃo e acÃmulo de metais pesados. Nesse contexto, a utilizaÃÃo de plantas associadas a FMA, pode melhorar a absorÃÃo de Ãgua e nutrientes, alÃm de auxiliar no desenvolvimento vegetal em locais adversos e contribuir na reduÃÃo para disponibilidade de metais pesados. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculaÃÃo micorrÃzica no desenvolvimento da Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. em solos sob impacto de mineraÃÃo de manganÃs. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetaÃÃo com delineamento experimental do tipo inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2x4, considerando-se: dois tipos de solo (degradado pelo rejeito da mineraÃÃo de Mn e mata preservada); duas condiÃÃes de solo (estÃril e natural) e quatro tratamentos de inoculaÃÃo (nÃo inoculado (controle); inoculado com G. clarum; inoculado com G. etunicatum; inoculado com G. clarum + G. etunicatum (Mix)), com quatro repetiÃÃes. Aos 60 dias apÃs o transplantio foram avaliados os parÃmetros de: altura das plantas, diÃmetro do caule, nÃmero de folÃolos, massa da matÃria seca da parte aÃrea e raiz, comprimento do sistema radicular, Ãndice relativo de clorofila, densidade de esporos de FMA no solo, colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular, eficiÃncia micorrÃzica, acÃmulo de macro (N, P e K) na parte aÃrea e manganÃs na parte aÃrea e raiz e fator de translocaÃÃo. O cultivo em solo degradado pelo rejeito da mineraÃÃo de manganÃs reduziu o desenvolvimento das plantas de sabià quando comparadas Ãs cultivadas no solo de mata preservada, independente da condiÃÃo de solo e dos tratamentos de inoculaÃÃo. A inoculaÃÃo com G. etunicatum e o Mix, favoreceram o desenvolvimento das plantas em condiÃÃo estÃril, independentemente do tipo de solo, aumentando sua capacidade de tolerÃncia ao Mn. Os elevados teores de Mn nas raÃzes indicam que o sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) pode ser eficaz no processo de fitoestabilizaÃÃo em Ãreas degradadas pela mineraÃÃo de Mn.