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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Interakce mezi organismy obývajícími jírovec maďal (Aesculus hippocastanum)

KOPAČKA, Michal January 2018 (has links)
Ph.D. thesis is focused on the study of ecology and interactions among fungal disease horse chestnut leaf blotch, Guignardia aesculi, invasive pest horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, and predatory mites of family Phytoseiidae. Ph.D. thesis consists of two main parts: 1) a detailed background research, and 2) six separate original published papers or manuscripts describing results of my own studies. The first study investigated spatial distribution of the first generation of C. ohridella in the urban environment in relation to the pest, the mortality of overwintering pupae at the end of vegetation season and the number of hatched C. ohridella and its parasitoids at the beginning of the following vegetation season. The second paper describes the interaction between C. ohridella and G. aesculi during vegetation season. The third and fourth papers deal with the effect of specific microctimatic conditions in site on the damage inflicted to horse chestnut leaves by G. aesculi. In addition, spatial distribution of G. aesculi in urban environment was studied. The fifth paper compared the species composition and the population density of Phytoseiidae between the Czech Republic and Greece. The sixth study described the species composition, abundance, population dynamics and sex ratio of phytoseiid mites inhabiting horse chestnut. The study also investigated, whether the abundance of predatory mites on horse chestnut leaves can be influenced by leaf damage caused by the horse chestnut leaf miner or G. aesculi during vegetation season.
32

Busca de Tetranychus evansi e seus inimigos naturais no Peru e no norte da Argentina / Search for Tetranychus evansi and its natural enemies in Peru and northern Argentina

Alberto Daniel Guanilo Alvarado 11 February 2008 (has links)
O ácaro Tetranychus evansi Baker e Pritchard é conhecido em diversos países atacando plantas da família Solanaceae. Este ácaro tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores, por atingir a condição de praga do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) na África e por sua recente dispersão a diversos países na região Mediterrânea e na Ásia. Considera-se a América do Sul como a possível região de origem deste ácaro. No contexto de um projeto de controle biológico clássico, buscas de inimigos de T. evansi têm sido realizadas na América do Sul, para sua introdução na África. O presente trabalho relata os resultados de buscas conduzidas no Peru e no norte da Argentina em lugares climaticamente semelhantes a regiões africanas onde T. evansi ocorre. As coletas foram realizadas em 10 Departamentos no Peru e em 6 Províncias da Argentina. Dos ácaros encontrados neste estudo, Phytoseiidae e Tetranychidae foram os mais diversos em ambos os países. T. evansi não foi encontrado no Peru, mas foi o tetraniquídeo mais frequentemente encontrado na Argentina. No Peru Tetranychus desertorum Banks foi o tetraniquídeo mais freqüente Os fitoseídeos mais frequentemente encontrados nos campos amostrados foram Euseius emanus (El-Banhawy), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) e Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster) no Peru e Euseius concordis (Chant) na Argentina. O fungo patogênico Neozygites floridana Weiser e Muma, Entomophthrales, foi o inimigo natural mais encontrado em associação com T. evansi na Argentina. Este fungo parece ser um agente de controle promissor daquela praga, tendo sido encontrado causando epizootias em um campo de tomateiro e outro de berinjela durante este estudo. Foram escassos os ácaros predadores associados a T. evansi na Argentina; N. californicus, Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark e Muma e Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) foram as espécies encontradas ocasionalmente associadas a T. evansi. Phytoseiulus longipes Evans, considerado um agente promissor de controle de T. evansi previamente detectado por outros autores no sul do Brasil, não foi encontrado na Argentina nem no Peru no presente estudo. Estudos complementares dos inimigos naturais encontrados neste estudo em associação com T. evansi devem ser conduzidos. / The mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Tetranychidae) in known from several countries attacking plants of the family Solanaceae. It has been calling the attention of researchers for its pest status on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Africa and for its recent dispersal to countries in the Mediterranean region and in Asia. South America has been considered the possible region of origin of this mite. In the context of a classical biological control project, searches for efficient natural enemies of T. evansi have been conducted in South America, for introduction in Africa. The present work reports results of searches conducted in Peru and northern Argentina, in places climatically similarities to regions in Africa where T. evansi is found. The searches were conducted in 10 Departments in Peru and in 6 Provinces in Argentina. Of the mites found in those surveys, Phytoseiidae and Tetranychidae were the most diverse in both countries. T. evansi was not found in Peru, but it was the tetranychid most frequently found in Argentina. In the former country, Tetranychus desertorum Banks was the most frequent tetranychid. The phytoseiids most frequently found were Euseius emanus (El-Banhawy), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) e Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster) in Peru and Euseius concordis (Chant) in Argentina. The pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana Weiser and Muma, Entomophthorales, was the natural enemy most commonly found in association with T. evansi in Argentina. This fungus seems a promising control agent of T. evansi; it was found causing epizooties in a tomato and in an egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) plantation during this study. Predaceous mites were rarely found associated with T. evansi in Argentina; N. californicus, Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark & Muma and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) were the phtoseiids occasionally found in association with it. Phytoseilus longipes Evans, considered a promising control agent of T. evansi, found previously by other authors in southern Brazil, was neither found in Argentina nor Peru. Complementary studies on the performance of the natural enemies found in this study in association with T. evansi are warranted.
33

Atividade de óleos essenciais de plantas das famílias Burseraceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae e Verbenaceae em Tetranychus urticae Koch e Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) / Activity of essential oils from plants of families Burseraceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae in Tetranychus urticae Koch and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor).

BORN, Flávia de Souza 01 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-01T14:41:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia de Souza Born.pdf: 858418 bytes, checksum: 5785147d20d21fb9c69b74322ff6448b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T14:41:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia de Souza Born.pdf: 858418 bytes, checksum: 5785147d20d21fb9c69b74322ff6448b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), has been controlled mainly chemical synthetic acaricides. The use of essential oils can be an alternative to this method of control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of essential oils from plants of Families Burseraceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae against T. urticae and the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Repellent and toxic activities of the oils were determined and compared to eugenol. Toxicity was evaluated by fumigation and residual effect in the laboratory and by direct contact in a greenhouse. The results showed that the oils of Ocimum basilicum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. were the most repellent, with RC50 = 3.43 x 10-7 and 2 x 10-4 μL/mL, respectively. The toxicity against eggs of T. urticae revealed T. vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Citrus reticulata Blanco and O. basilicum oils as more active. Estimates of mortality concentration curves for fumigation of adult females of T. urticae revealed that was more toxic eugenol, with LC50 = 4 x 10-3 μL/L air. The test results showed that residual C. reticulata, T. vulgaris and O. basilicum oils present the same toxicity observed for eugenol. The toxicity tests to N. californicus indicated that all the oils are selective fumigation and that the O. basilicum, R. officinalis and C. reticulata oils were more selective by residual effect. The relative toxicity of the individual constituents of the essential oils and their contribuition to the acaricidal activity on T. urticae are also discussed. The highest average mortality on T. urticae in the greenhouse after 72 h of exposure were 100%, 98.85% and 96.59%, promoted by Citrus sinensis Osbek x Citrus reticulata Blanco, R. officinalis and Lippia gracilis Schauer oils, respectively. / O ácaro rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), tem sido controlado principalmente com acaricidas químicos sintéticos. O uso de óleos essenciais pode ser uma alternativa a esse método de controle. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de óleos essenciais de plantas das Famílias Burseraceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae e Verbenaceae sobre T. urticae e o ácaro predador Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). As atividades repelente e tóxica dos óleos foram determinadas e comparadas ao eugenol. A toxicidade foi avaliada por fumigação e efeito residual, em laboratório e por contato direto em casa de vegetação. Os resultados demonstraram que os óleos de Ocimum basilicum L. e Thymus vulgaris L. foram mais repelentes, com CR50 de 3,43 x 10-7 e 2 x 10-4 μL/mL, respectivamente. A toxicidade sobre ovos de T. urticae revelou os óleos de T. vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Citrus reticulata Blanco e O. basilicum como mais ativos. As estimativas das curvas de concentração mortalidade para fumigação sobre fêmeas adultas de T. urticae revelaram que eugenol foi mais tóxico, com CL50 de 4 x 10-3 μL/L de ar. Os resultados dos testes de efeito residual demonstraram que os óleos de C. reticulata, T. vulgaris e O. basilicum apresentaram a mesma toxicidade observada para o eugenol. Os testes de toxicidade a N. californicus indicaram que todos os óleos foram seletivos por fumigação e os óleos de O. basilicum, R. officinalis e C. reticulata foram os mais seletivos por efeito residual. A toxicidade relativa de constituintes individuais dos óleos e sua contribuição para a atividade sobre T. urticae também são discutidos. As maiores médias de mortalidade sobre T. urticae em casa de vegetação após 72 h de exposição foram de 100%, 98,85% e 96,59%, promovidas pelos óleos de Citrus sinensis Osbek x Citrus reticulata Blanco, R. officinalis e Lippia gracilis Schauer, respectivamente.

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