Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Diss_Poliana_Ferreira_Costa.pdf: 1338360 bytes, checksum: 1c523ddb26369e2486b4cb15ce0647dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study was conducted to evaluate different management of winter cultures in a no-till system, assessing their influence on soil physical properties, dynamics of weeds, content and and nutrient accumulation on soybean in summer crop in Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of West Paraná - Campus Rondon in EUTRUSTOX (LVe). The experimental design was randomized blocks in band layout with three replications. The treatments consisted of four different winter crops (oats IPR 126, wheat BRS Tarumãt crambe FMS Bright and forage turnip cultivar common) and two management (chemical and mechanical). With respect to soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and density), it was found that only the macroporosity was altered due to interaction between the winter crops and systems of management that occurred in the 0 - 10 cm in the assessment after the harvest of soybean crop. As to the values obtained for the penetration resistance of the soil, it was found that the oat (0.91 MPa) and crambe (1.43 MPa) provided significant differences in the 0 - 5 cm depth. Sixteen weed species were identified in the area, distributed in eleven plant families, especially the families Poaceae and Asteraceae. The presence of weeds in chemical handlings was lower when compared to mechanical handling. In relation to nutrient content were no significant differences for the quantities of N, C and C / N ratio of the materials. As for the accumulation of nutrients wheat BRS showed higher for Mg absorption with 9,15 kg ha-1 / O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes manejos de culturas de inverno em um sistema de plantio direto, verificando a sua influência sobre as propriedades físicas do solo, dinâmica de plantas daninhas, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes e sobre a cultura da soja no cultivo de verão, em Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste Paraná - Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutrófico (LVe). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de faixas, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro diferentes culturas de inverno (aveia IPR 126, crambe FMS Brilhante, Nabo forrageiro cultivar comum e trigo BRS Tarumã) e por dois manejos (químico e mecânico). Com relação às propriedades físicas do solo (macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade), constatou-se que apenas a macroporosidade sofreu alterações, devido a interação entre as culturas de inverno e os sistemas de manejo empregados, ocorrido na camada de 0 10 cm na avaliação após a colheita da cultura da soja. Quanto aos valores obtidos para a resistência à penetração do solo, verificou-se que a aveia (0,91 Mpa) e o crambe (1,43 Mpa) ofereceram diferenças significativas, na camada de 0 5 cm de profundidade. Foram identificadas dezesseis espécies de plantas daninhas na área, distribuídas em onze famílias botânicas, destacando-se as famílias Poaceae e Asteraceae. A presença de plantas daninhas nos manejos químicos foi menor quando comparada ao manejo mecânico. Em relação aos teores de nutrientes houve diferenças significativas para as quantidades de N, C e relação C/N dos materiais. Já para o acúmulo de nutrientes o trigo BRS apresentou maior acúmulo para o Mg com 9,15 kg ha-1

No / The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus- Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovina- Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units. Altitude, pH, potassium, sodium and road age were found to be the main variables affecting the roadside vegetation. By relating the floristic composition with ecological characteristics of the roadside verges, three kinds of pattern of variation are observed. The first pattern is related to regional or geographical characteristics and the second pattern of variation exists across the width of the road verges showing a zonal pattern of plant distribution. The third scale of pattern is active at the local level including micro-environmental conditions, e.g., local edaphic variables.