Orientador: João Antônio Pereira / Banca: Samuel da Silva / Banca: Adailton Silva Borges / Resumo: A utilização de materiais piezelétricos para transformação de energia mecânica proveniente das vibrações em energia elétrica tem aumentado na última década para tentar suprir a necessidade por fontes alternativas de energia na alimentação de sistemas de monitoramento da condição estrutural (SHM) e dispositivos de aeronaves não tripuladas, tornando estes dispositivos autônomos. Como a energia produzida através da piezoestrutura não é suficiente para alimentar os dispositivos eletrônicos diretamente, técnicas de extração e armazenamento são utilizadas para que a energia produzida seja acumulada até um nível utilizável. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre uma configuração de piezoestrutura capaz de produzir um alto nível de energia mesmo que a frequência de excitação apresente variações. A piezoestrutura proposta é do tipo multifrequência aumentando a largura de banda de operação e podendo produzir um alto nível de energia mesmo que a frequência de excitação apresente alterações. A piezoestrutura multifrequência foi modelada por elementos finitos através do programa ANSYS© e posteriormente comparada com resultados experimentais. Em seguida, a tensão produzida foi extraída através dos circuitos retificador de onda completa em ponte e do dobrador de tensão buscando avaliar o desempenho de ambos na extração da energia produzida para armazenamento em um supercapacitor. Finalmente, a energia armazenada no supercapacitor foi utilizada para alimentar um sistema de monitoramento da temperatura de um ambiente de modo que o sistema passe a operar como um sistema autônomo / Abstract: The use of piezoelectric materials to transform mechanical energy from the vibrations into electrical energy has increased in the last decade trying to meet the need for alternative sources of energy to power up SHM systems and Unmanned Air Vehicle devices, making these standalone devices. This work presents a study on a configuration of a piezostructure being able to produce a higher energy even if the excitation frequency undergoes changes, and then evaluate two electronic circuit topology as simple interface for extracting the maximum energy produced and store it in a supercapacitor to power a sensor system that monitors the temperature in a room. Initially a brief review of the basics and fundamentals of energy harvesting was presented for better understanding of the development of this work. The proposal is a multifrequency piezostructure type that increases the bandwidth of operation and could produce a high energy value even if the excitation frequency undergoes alterations. The multifrequency piezostructure was modeled by finite element software ANSYS© and then compared with experimental results showing a good correlation between the numerical and experimental models. Then, a parametric study was conducted to determine which geometric parameter from the piezostruture should be varied so that the piezo-beams had their natural frequencies within the specified operating range. The voltage produced was extracted through two types of circuits (full wave rectifier and voltage doubler) trying to evaluate which one is able to extract the maximum possible energy produced for storage in a supercapacitor. Finally, the energy stored in the supercapacitor was used to power a system for monitoring the temperature of an environment so that the system operates as a standalone system / Mestre

In recent years, vibration-based energy harvesting technologies have gained great importance because of reduced power requirement of small electronic components. External power source and maintenance requirement can be minimized by employment of mechanical vibration energy harvesters. Power sources that harvest energy from the environment have the main advantages of high safety, long shell life and low cost compared to chemical batteries. Electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric transduction mechanisms are the three main energy harvesting methods. In this thesis, it is aimed to apply the piezoelectric elements technology to develop means for energy storage in munitions launch. The practical problems encountered in the design of piezoelectric energy harvesters are investigated. The applicability of energy harvesting to high power needs are studied. The experience compiled in the study is to be exploited in designing piezoelectric energy harvesters for munitions applications. Piezoelectric energy harvesters for harmonic and mechanical shock loading conditions with different types of piezoelectric materials are designed and tested. The test results are compared with both responses from analytical models generated in MATLAB&reg / and ORCAD PSPICE&reg / , and finite element method models generated in ATILA&reg / . Optimum energy storage methods are considered.

A frequency self-tuning energy harvesting methodology is proposed to achieve efficient energy harvesting. To simulate the self-tuning process, a theoretical model of the harvester made of an aluminum beam bonded with piezoelectric patches is developed for numerical simulation. The energy harvesting is realized by converting ambient vibration to electric charge through piezoelectric patches on the host beam. To accomplish the frequency self-tuning process, a control voltage is applied on a piezoelectric stack actuator to tune the natural frequency of the beam harvester matching the major excitation frequency of the ambient vibration with large power generation. Two tuning methods with different electric circuits are developed to find the efficient and feasible self-tuning process, which is then further verified by the finite element method. Research findings show that the optimal frequency self-tuning method significantly increases the power output from the harvester by more than 26 times compared with the one without tuning. / October 2016

by Fei Yang. / Title also in Chinese characters. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter §1.1 --- The Background of Pulsed Laser Ablation --- p.1 / Chapter §1.2 --- Properties of PZT --- p.3 / Chapter §1.3 --- Objectives of This Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER II. --- INTERACTION OF PULSED LASER RADIATION WITH A SOLID TARGET --- p.8 / Chapter §2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter §2.2 --- Absorption of Laser Radiation by the Target --- p.9 / Chapter §2.3 --- Absorption of Laser Radiation by the Plume --- p.11 / Chapter §2.4 --- Ablation Depth and Ablation Rate --- p.12 / Chapter §2.5 --- Formation and Evolution of the Plume --- p.14 / Chapter (a) --- Small-time Solution (c´Øt ζ) --- p.15 / Chapter (b) --- Large-time Solution (c´Øt ζ) --- p.15 / Chapter §2.6 --- Piezoelectric Signal --- p.17 / Chapter §2.7 --- Angular Distributions --- p.21 / Chapter §2.8 --- Target Surface Temperature --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER III. --- EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES --- p.27 / Chapter §3.1 --- Pulsed Laser System --- p.27 / Chapter §3.2 --- Setup for Piezoelectric Detection of Laser Pulse --- p.28 / Chapter §3.3 --- Setup for Optical Measurement of Laser Plasma --- p.30 / Chapter §3.4 --- Setup for Ion Detection --- p.32 / Chapter §3.5 --- Sample Preparation --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER IV. --- PIEZOELECTRIC DETECTION OF LASER ABLATION --- p.38 / Chapter §4.1 --- Laser Ablation of a Piezoelectric Target --- p.38 / Chapter §4.1.1 --- Pyroelectric Effect --- p.38 / Chapter §4.1.2 --- Laser-induced Piezoelectric Signal (LIPS) --- p.39 / Chapter §4.2 --- Propagation of LIPS --- p.41 / Chapter §4.3 --- Laser Ablation Threshold --- p.45 / Chapter §4.4 --- Ablation Rate Measurement by LIPS --- p.47 / Chapter §4.5 --- Temperature Dependence of LIPS --- p.53 / Chapter §4.5.1 --- The Polarization Measurement --- p.53 / Chapter §4.5.2 --- The Piezoelectric Coefficient --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER V. --- STUDIES OF LASER PLASMA BY FARADAY PROBE METHOD --- p.59 / Chapter §5.1 --- Angular Distribution of The Plume Density --- p.59 / Chapter §5.2 --- The Plume Ionization Fraction --- p.64 / Chapter §5.3 --- The Plume Velocity Distribution and The Plume Temperature --- p.72 / Chapter §5.4 --- The Target Surface Temperature --- p.82 / Chapter §5.5 --- Plume Orientation Determination --- p.85 / Chapter CHAPTER VI. --- OVERALL CONCLUSION --- p.90 / REFERENCES --- p.92

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-146).

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-114). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).

Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. Available http://hdl.handle.net/1947/9738. / "November 2008" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Chou, Mei-Yin; Committee Member: First,Phillip; Committee Member: Gao, Jianping; Committee Member: Landman, Uzi; Committee Member: wang, Xiao-Qian.