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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos da radiação UVB no crescimento, conteúdo pigmentar e fotossíntese de Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) / Effects of UVB radiation on growth, pigment content and photossynthesis of Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Araújo, Fabíola Ornellas de 16 September 2011 (has links)
Gracilaria caudata é uma das principais agarófitas coletadas no nordeste brasileiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar \"in vitro\" os efeitos da radiação UVB no crescimento, conteúdo pigmentar e fotossíntese de gametófitos e tetrasporófitos de G. caudata procedentes de duas localidades distintas da costa brasileira: Estados do Ceará e São Paulo. Nossa hipótese foi que indivíduos procedentes da população do sudeste são mais sensíveis à radiação UVB que indivíduos da população do nordeste. As condições gerais de cultivo foram: 23-25ºC; 14L:10E; 70 ± 10 μmolfótons.m-2.s-1; 32 psu; água do mar enriquecida com solução de von Stosch modificada; e aeração a cada 30 minutos. Os ápices foram submetidos a duas condições distintas: i) controle (PAR), semelhante às condições gerais; e ii) PAR+UVB (0,08W.m-2 por 3h ao dia). O crescimento foi analisado semanalmente durante 28 dias. O conteúdo pigmentar e a fotossíntese foram analisados ao final dos 28 dias. Alterações morfológicas foram observadas em algas expostas à radiação UVB. Essas algas apresentaram menores taxas de crescimento quando comparadas às cultivadas em PAR. As linhagens procedentes do Estado de São Paulo apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento que as linhagens do Estado do Ceará quando cultivadas em PAR, enquanto que na condição PAR+UVB, as procedentes do Estado do Ceará apresentaram maiores taxas. Tetrasporófítos, independentemente da procedência, apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento, quando comparados a gametófítos. Linhagens cultivadas em PAR+UVB apresentaram menores concentrações de ficobiliproteínas, clorofila a e carotenóides totais que as verificadas para as cultivadas em PAR. As linhagens apresentaram maiores taxas de fotossíntese quando cultivadas na ausência de UVB. Os maiores valores de IK, Fmax e Re foram verificados em PAR, enquanto que os maiores valores de IC foram observados em PAR+UVB. Quanto aos parâmetros Re, Ic e α, não houve diferenças entre as condições testadas. As menores taxas de fotossíntese foram observadas para as linhagens provenientes do Estado de São Paulo e os parâmetros Fmáx e IK foram também inferiores. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho corroboram a hipótese de que linhagens procedentes de regiões próximas ao equador são mais tolerantes à radiação UVB do que linhagens oriundas do sudeste. Além disso, ressaltam o vigor da fase tetrasporofítica com relação à fase gametofítica, independentemente da procedência dos indivíduos. / Gracilaria caudata is an agarophyte collected on the northeastern coast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate \"in vitro\" the effects of UVB radiation on growth, pigment content, and photosynthesis of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of G. caudata from two distinct geographical areas of Brazilian coast (Ceará and São Paulo States). Our hypothesis was that individuals from the southeastern coast are more sensitive to UVB radiation that individuals from the northeastern coast. The general conditions of cultivation were: 23-25°C; 14L:10D; 70±10 μmolfótons.m-2.s-1; 32 psu; seawater enriched with modified von Stosch solution; and aeration every 30 minutes. The apices were cultivated in two different conditions: i) control (PAR), similar to the general conditions; and ii) PAR+UVB (0.08 W m-2 for 3 hours a day). Growth rates were assessed weekly for 28 days. The pigment content and photosynthesis were analyzed at the end of 28 days. Morphological changes were observed in algae exposed to UVB radiation. These algae showed lower growth rates when compared to those algae grown in PAR. The strains of São Paulo State showed higher growth rates than strains of Ceará State when cultivated in PAR, whereas in PAR+UVB, the strains from Ceará State presented higher rates. Tetrasporophytes, regardless of origin, showed higher growth rates when compared to the gametophytes. Strains showed lower concentrations of phycobiliproteins, chlorophyll a, and total carotenoids when exposed to UVB. All strains showed higher rates of photosynthesis when cultivated in the absence of UVB. The highest values of IK, Fmax, and Re were observed in PAR, while the highest values of IC were observed in PAR+UVB. Regarding the parameters Re, IC, and α, there were no differences between the tested conditions. Strains from the São Paulo State showed lower rates of photosynthesis, Fmax, and IK. In summary, our findings support the hypothesis that the strains of G. caudata from regions near the equator are more tolerant to UVB radiation than strains from the southeastern coast. Moreover, they emphasize the vigor of tetraporophytes when compared to gametophytes.
2

Efeitos da radiação UVB no crescimento, conteúdo pigmentar e fotossíntese de Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) / Effects of UVB radiation on growth, pigment content and photossynthesis of Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Fabíola Ornellas de Araújo 16 September 2011 (has links)
Gracilaria caudata é uma das principais agarófitas coletadas no nordeste brasileiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar \"in vitro\" os efeitos da radiação UVB no crescimento, conteúdo pigmentar e fotossíntese de gametófitos e tetrasporófitos de G. caudata procedentes de duas localidades distintas da costa brasileira: Estados do Ceará e São Paulo. Nossa hipótese foi que indivíduos procedentes da população do sudeste são mais sensíveis à radiação UVB que indivíduos da população do nordeste. As condições gerais de cultivo foram: 23-25ºC; 14L:10E; 70 ± 10 μmolfótons.m-2.s-1; 32 psu; água do mar enriquecida com solução de von Stosch modificada; e aeração a cada 30 minutos. Os ápices foram submetidos a duas condições distintas: i) controle (PAR), semelhante às condições gerais; e ii) PAR+UVB (0,08W.m-2 por 3h ao dia). O crescimento foi analisado semanalmente durante 28 dias. O conteúdo pigmentar e a fotossíntese foram analisados ao final dos 28 dias. Alterações morfológicas foram observadas em algas expostas à radiação UVB. Essas algas apresentaram menores taxas de crescimento quando comparadas às cultivadas em PAR. As linhagens procedentes do Estado de São Paulo apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento que as linhagens do Estado do Ceará quando cultivadas em PAR, enquanto que na condição PAR+UVB, as procedentes do Estado do Ceará apresentaram maiores taxas. Tetrasporófítos, independentemente da procedência, apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento, quando comparados a gametófítos. Linhagens cultivadas em PAR+UVB apresentaram menores concentrações de ficobiliproteínas, clorofila a e carotenóides totais que as verificadas para as cultivadas em PAR. As linhagens apresentaram maiores taxas de fotossíntese quando cultivadas na ausência de UVB. Os maiores valores de IK, Fmax e Re foram verificados em PAR, enquanto que os maiores valores de IC foram observados em PAR+UVB. Quanto aos parâmetros Re, Ic e α, não houve diferenças entre as condições testadas. As menores taxas de fotossíntese foram observadas para as linhagens provenientes do Estado de São Paulo e os parâmetros Fmáx e IK foram também inferiores. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho corroboram a hipótese de que linhagens procedentes de regiões próximas ao equador são mais tolerantes à radiação UVB do que linhagens oriundas do sudeste. Além disso, ressaltam o vigor da fase tetrasporofítica com relação à fase gametofítica, independentemente da procedência dos indivíduos. / Gracilaria caudata is an agarophyte collected on the northeastern coast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate \"in vitro\" the effects of UVB radiation on growth, pigment content, and photosynthesis of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of G. caudata from two distinct geographical areas of Brazilian coast (Ceará and São Paulo States). Our hypothesis was that individuals from the southeastern coast are more sensitive to UVB radiation that individuals from the northeastern coast. The general conditions of cultivation were: 23-25°C; 14L:10D; 70±10 μmolfótons.m-2.s-1; 32 psu; seawater enriched with modified von Stosch solution; and aeration every 30 minutes. The apices were cultivated in two different conditions: i) control (PAR), similar to the general conditions; and ii) PAR+UVB (0.08 W m-2 for 3 hours a day). Growth rates were assessed weekly for 28 days. The pigment content and photosynthesis were analyzed at the end of 28 days. Morphological changes were observed in algae exposed to UVB radiation. These algae showed lower growth rates when compared to those algae grown in PAR. The strains of São Paulo State showed higher growth rates than strains of Ceará State when cultivated in PAR, whereas in PAR+UVB, the strains from Ceará State presented higher rates. Tetrasporophytes, regardless of origin, showed higher growth rates when compared to the gametophytes. Strains showed lower concentrations of phycobiliproteins, chlorophyll a, and total carotenoids when exposed to UVB. All strains showed higher rates of photosynthesis when cultivated in the absence of UVB. The highest values of IK, Fmax, and Re were observed in PAR, while the highest values of IC were observed in PAR+UVB. Regarding the parameters Re, IC, and α, there were no differences between the tested conditions. Strains from the São Paulo State showed lower rates of photosynthesis, Fmax, and IK. In summary, our findings support the hypothesis that the strains of G. caudata from regions near the equator are more tolerant to UVB radiation than strains from the southeastern coast. Moreover, they emphasize the vigor of tetraporophytes when compared to gametophytes.
3

Rôle du mésozooplancton dans un estuaire restauré : l'Escaut / Role of zooplankton in a restoring estuary : the Scheldt

Chambord, Sophie 16 June 2016 (has links)
L'estuaire de l'Escaut est un estuaire en voie de restauration. L'étude s'intéresse à l'écologie de la communauté zooplanctonique dans le tronçon d'eau douce de l'Escaut, ou, suite à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau le copépode calanoide Eurytemora affinis est devenu dominant depuis 2007 et les copépodes cyclopoïdes ont diminués en abondance. Nous avons cherché à trouver quels facteurs environnementaux expliquent ce changement de la composition de la communauté zooplanctonique. Les résultats d'analyses RDA et GLM entre les abondances des taxons zooplanctoniques et les facteurs environnementaux montrent un lien étroit entre l'augmentation de l'abondance d'E. affinis et l'augmentation des concentrations en oxygène ainsi que la diminution des concentrations en N-NH4. En fait, le tronçon amont de l'estuaire est devenu 'permissive' pour le développement d'E. affinis à partir ou la concentration en O2 a dépassé le seuil de 4 mg L-1 et la concentration en N- NH4 est restée en dessous de 2 mg L-1. La cause du déclin en abondance des cyclopoids reste à trouver. Dans l'Escaut, le phytoplancton est fortement dominé par les diatomées, mais la concentration en Si dissoute s'avère parfois limitant. La question se pose sur quelles composantes de la communauté phytoplanctonique le zooplancton dominant se nourrit. La sélectivité de broutage d'E. affinis a été quantifiée à l'aide d'expériences d'incubation et des quantification de contenu pigmentaire à l'aide d'HPLC. E. affinis sélectionne des diatomées au sein de la communauté phytoplanctonique et en moindre mesure des cryptomonades. L'impact de la population d'E. affinis sur le stock de phytoplancton - et sur les diatomées dominantes- est < 4.5 % jour-1, ce qui implique que dans le tronçon d'eau douce de l'Escaut le zooplancton n'est pas limité par la nourriture et ne présente pas de limitation pour le développement les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Certains taxons phytoplanctoniques (chlorophycées, par exemple) sont apparemment stimulés en croissance par la présence d'E. affinis dans les bouteilles expérimentales et l'impact précis d'E. affinis sur le phytoplancton non-diatomées est moins clair. L'activité de broutage du microzooplancton a également été testée avec des expériences d'incubation. Son impact sur la communauté phytoplanctonique est variable en intensité et en sélectivité, nécessitant plus d'expérimentation. / The Scheldt is an estuary on way of recovery. The study concerns the ecology of the zooplankton community in the freshwater reach of the estuary. In parallel to water quality improvement, the copepod Eurytemora affinis has become dominant since 2007 and abundance of cyclopoid copepods has decreased. We tried to find out which environmental factors had caused these changes in the zooplankton community composition. The results of RDA and GLM analysis between the abundance of zooplankton taxa and the environmental factors showed a strong link between E. affinis abundance and the increasing O2 concentration, but also the decreasing NH4-N concentration. The upstream Scheldt became permissive for E. affinis development as soon as oxygen concentration was above the threshold level of 4 mg L-1 and the NH4-N concentration remained below 2 mg L-1. The cause of the decrease in cyclopoid abundance remains unclear. The phytoplankton community of freshwater Scheldt is strongly dominated by diatoms, but the dissolved silica concentration could become limiting for their development. The question arises on which phytoplankton taxa the dominant zooplankton feeds. Grazing selectivity of E. affinis adults and CV was measured by incubation experiments using natural Scheldt water and by gut pigment content quantification. Phytoplankton taxa concentration was quantified by HPLC. E. affinis selects diatoms and sometimes cryptophytes. The impact of the E. affinis population on the phytoplankton standing stock is < 4.5% d-1, which means that the zooplankton community is not food limited and hence does not present a limitation to the development of higher trophic levels. The grazing activity of the microzooplankton community has also been measured by incubation experiments. Its impact on the freshwater Scheldt phytoplankton community is variable in intensity and in selectivity, and clearly needs further investigation.

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