Medical schools in the United States have begun the process of changing the teaching methodologies used in the classroom. The traditional, teacher-centered environment is shifting toward a more student-centered, active learning environment. Part of this shift is the integration of online learning to deliver a continuously expanding medical curriculum by moving content learning outside the classroom and creating active learning activities for the classroom. As more medical schools adopt online learning as a supplemental teaching tool, medical education faculty are taking on the role of instructional designers without having any theoretical knowledge on adult learning theory or online learning practices. Schools are developing online learning materials without relying on an instructional design framework to guide the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the online curriculum. This can result in developing online materials that do not meet the intended objectives, are designed poorly, or do not incorporate learning principles specific to the way humans use computers to learn. At the Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, the third year radiology clerkship is a requirement of the curriculum; however, the rotation only lasts two weeks, versus the four to seven weeks provided the other six rotations. Student group sessions led by the radiology clerkship director are limited to four hours in the afternoon, Monday through Friday. This limited time has driven the need to explore alternative solutions for the delivery of the learning material to students. This study seeks to apply an instructional design process, ADDIE, to the development of four e-learning modules for a third year, required, radiology clerkship course using the ADDIE process as a framework and incorporating a rapid prototyping approach. The purpose is to identify how to effectively implement an instructional design methodology, ADDIE, using rapid prototyping when developing supplemental online learning materials for a radiology clerkship course.

Le but de cette étude est de trouver un matériau catalytique pour la réduction catalytique sélective des NOx par les hydrocarbures (HC-SCR) dans l’échappement Diesel par une approche haut débit (HTE : high throughput experiments). Ce matériau doit être actif à basse température et stable hydrothermiquement à hautes températures. Une bibliothèque de 150 catalyseurs a été synthétisée. Les catalyseurs sont constituées d’Ag, Au, Cu supportés sur Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2 qui peuvent être dopés (Ga, Mo…). Ceux-ci sont testés en parallèle dans un dispositif constitué de 16 réacteurs (SWITCH-16) au cours réaction à température programmée (TPR) avec un flux modèle (100ppm NO / 350ppm C3H6 / 15% O2 /11% H2O). Le meilleur catalyseur 5%Ag/1%P/Al2O3, testé plus avant, montre une température de light-off de 50°C en dessous de celle d’un catalyseur commercial de référence et celui-ci est stable après un vieillissement de 16h à 750°C en présence d’eau. Ce catalyseur est ensuite enduit par voie sol-gel sur un monolithe (1*2 pouces et 300 cpsi) et testé sur un mini-pilote. Les tendances obtenues en réacteur à lit fixe montés en parallèle sont confirmées sur mini-pilote. En parallèle une approche microcinétique expérimentale des étapes élémentaires de surface impliquées dans la HC-SCR du NO sur un catalyseur Ag/Al2O3 a été utilisée pour déterminer les étapes élémentaires contrôlant la conversion du NO en prenant en compte l’adsorption compétitive entre NO et CO présent dans le gaz d’échappement Diesel. Nous avons identifié l’élimination des espèces Oads adsorbées sur des sites Ag° comme étape limitante pour la production de N2 et suggéré une nouvelle orientation possible pour l’étude HTE. / The aim of this study was to discover a catalytic material for NOx reduction by HC-SCR in Diesel exhaust which is active at the lowest temperatures and hydro thermally stable at high temperatures by using High Throughtput experiments (HTE). A library of 150 catalysts was synthesized. Catalysts are supported Ag, Au, Cu on Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2 and further doped with different dopants (Ga, Mo, …). They were tested in a 16-parallel reactor (SWITCH-16) using a Temperature Program Reaction (TPR) protocol with a model feed (100ppm NO / 350ppm C3H6 / 15% O2 /11% H2O). The best catalyst formulation 5%Ag/1%P/Al2O3, which was further improved, exhibits a light off temperature of 50°C lower than a reference commercial catalyst and is stable after ageing at 750°C in presence of water for 16 hrs. For pilot testing, the best catalyst was deposited by sol-gel method on a 1x2 inch monolith (300 cpsi). We showed the consistency of catalytic results obtained in the parallel fixed beds match with monolith bench testing. In parallel a experimental microkinetic approach of surface elementary steps involved in the HC-SCR of NO on Ag/Al2O3 catalyst has been performed to reveal the elementary steps controlling the conversion of the NO reactant taking into account the competitive chemisorption between NO and CO that is present in an exhaust gas. We identified the elimination of Oads species adsorbed on Ag° sites as the limiting step for the N2 production and suggested a new orientation of a HTE study.