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The purposes of this study were to compare Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service methods for determining range condition, to develop a method for determining range condition using plant frequency data and to develop range condition guides using Sorensen's coefficient of similarity. The final objective was to compare condition scores based on frequency data to Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service condition scores. Loamy upland and sandy loam upland range sites in the Empire Valley and Santa Rita Experimental Range of southeastern Arizona were sampled. Three prominent soil series of upland range sites within the study area were selected for study. Within each soil series, areas of apparent high, medium and low levels of past and present livestock use were sampled at three locations. Soil profile descriptions were made for each of the 27 sample areas and soil characteristics were used to confirm soil series sampled. Plant communities were sampled by weight estimates, Parker 3-step transects and 40 x 40 cm frequency plots. Forest Service and Soil Conservation Service condition scores did not correlate well within the loamy upland or sandy loam upland range sites. Condition scores by both methods, especially for Forest Service data, are confounded with site potential. Cluster and factor analysis procedures identified plant groups associated with soil series, range site and sample location. Range condition was not identified as a criterion of plant group association. Sorensen's coefficient of similarity scores for frequency data based on a specific "high condition" reference area had a high coefficient of determination value when correlated with Soil Conservation Service condition scores for loamy upland range sites. Forest Service condition scores had a very low coefficient of determination value for the same comparison. Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service condition scores compared to similarity scores for frequency data for the sandy loam upland range site had positive but low coefficient of determination. Sorensen's coefficient of similarity, using frequency data as an index of condition, can be used to develop a range site condition guide for a homogeneous range site.

Demography of nocturnal desert rodents was monitored for nine years. Three dissimilar areas were sampled with three distinct trapping configurations and time regimes. All three areas contained similar rodent species. Increased plant growth and seed production resulting from variations in rainfall seemed to have the most profound effect on both rodent densities and species composition. Deviations from the bimodal rainfall pattern occurred in the latter parts of 1972, 1977, and 1978 and early 1973, 1978, and 1979. During these times there was a 2-4 fold increase in rainfall. This pattern produced "desert blooms" in the spring of 1973, 1978, and to some extent 1979. In addition, 1972 and 1978 were years of high rainfall. The reaction of the rodents to the increased plant production was rapid and dramatic. Heteromyid numbers increased approximately six fold with some species increasing twelve fold within a matter of five months. The smaller heteromyids, Perognathus amplus and P. penicillatus, were the first to increase substantially, while the larger rodents reached peak populations in the following year. The resulting population crash that followed the high densities was as dramatic as the increase. Neotoma albigula populations did not increase substantially after the first rainfall phenomenon but did so dramatically after the second period of aberrant rains. The densities of N. albigula remained high long after the heteromyid populations decreased to "normal" levels. The three areas were found to be dominated by different species while the overall rodent densities in the three areas were very similar within the same time frame.

A gravity station network was established over the Tucson Basin on a nominal one mile spacing for the purpose of determining major hydrologic boundaries. Gravity data were supplemented by magnetic, seismic, and borehole geophysical data. Gravity data reveal a marked linearity of pattern which in general correlates with structural trends previously noted in the area. Based on surface geological data, radiometric dating, and the present survey, it is suggested that the Tucson basin began to form in mid-Tertiary time under tensional stresses. As the circum-basin mountain blocks rose, the Tucson basin was gradually filled by the Pantano formation and its equivalents. Around the margins these were alluvial fan deposits which graded laterally into each other and into playa deposits in the central basin. During the Pliocene Epoch this pattern of internal drainage was disrupted and Pantano deposition ended with the inception of a period of erosion. Deposition of later sediments coincided with external drainage and throughflowing streams. The late-Tertiary and Quaternary sediments probably have been faulted to a minor degree by continuing movement along basement structures or by differential compaction over basement topography. The extent to which this affects groundwater gradients is a function of the percentage of coarse material in the aquifer. Further complications in development of these upper aquifers may be due to igneous dikes and to buried glide blocks of relatively impermeable sediments. The Pantano aquifers are probably broken into relatively small, autonomous hydrologic units by near-vertical fault systems. During this study two new applications of geophysical data were used to analyze basin hydrology. Using Gauss' Theorem the total mass deficiency of the basin was determined and from this a total water content of 129 cubic miles was calculated. The second application involved the use of a borehole density log to calculate the aquifer storage coefficient and revealed a probable value of 0.05, much lower than previously estimated.

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The internship experience with the Pima County Superior Court Adult Probation Office provided opportunities to observe administrative principles, policies, procedures, and practices, and to observe and to participate in the actual use of professional correctional policies, principles, practices and techniques in a community adult probation program. Administrative techniques were observed during the day-to-day activities of the probation office as practiced by the chief probation officer, his chief deputy and his staff. Publications which pertained to the administration of this and related agencies were studied. The administration and operation of collateral governmental executive and judicial agencies were also observed. Services of these agencies were often used. Probation deputies were observed during the performance of every function of their offices. Additional professional knowledge was gained by study of relevant documents and publications, and by personal interviews. Direct participation in probationary activities was experienced while assisting the other probation officers in the performance of their professional duties and by personally completing six presentence Investigations and reports, by participating in judicial sentencing procedures, by completing post-sentencing dispositions, and by conducting probation treatment and supervision activities. The records and files of the probation office were examined and studied. Part of this perusal was incidental to the compilation of probation caseload and presentence report statistical information. As the internship progressed, a comparison was made of academic knowledge and practical use of the principles, policies, and practices of administration and correctional probation.

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