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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de uma desfribadeira para obten??o da fibra da folha do abacaxi

Aquino, Marcos Silva de 19 May 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosSA.pdf: 1402858 bytes, checksum: aafed934486c8c9ba68e0133cc239956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In 1998 the first decorticator was developed in the Textile Engineering Laboratory and patented for the purpose of extracting fibres from pineapple leaves, with the financial help from CNPq and BNB. The objective of the present work was to develop an automatic decorticator different from the first one with a semiautomatic system of decortication with automatic feeding of the leaves and collection of the extracted fibres. The system is started through a command system that passes information to two engines, one for starting the beater cylinder and the other for the feeding of the leaves as well as the extraction of the decorticated fibres automatically. This in turn introduces the leaves between a knife and a beater cylinder with twenty blades (the previous one had only 8 blades). These blades are supported by equidistant flanges with a central transmission axis that would help in increasing the number of beatings of the leaves. In the present system the operator has to place the leaves on the rotating endless feeding belt and collect the extracted leaves that are being carried out through another endless belt. The pulp resulted form the extraction is collected in a tray through a collector. The feeding of the leaves as well as the extraction of the fibres is controlled automatically by varying the velocity of the cylinders. The semi-automatic decorticator basically composed of a chassis made out of iron bars (profile L) with 200cm length, 91 cm of height 68 cm of width. The decorticator weighs around 300Kg. It was observed that the increase in the number of blades from 8 to twenty in the beater cylinder reduced the turbulence inside the decorticator, which helped to improve the removal of the fibres without any problems as well as the quality of the fibres. From the studies carried out, from each leaf 2,8 to 4,5% of fibres can be extracted. This gives around 4 to 5 tons of fibres per hectare, which is more than that of cotton production per hectare. This quantity with no doubt could generate jobs to the people not only on the production of the fibres but also on their application in different areas / No ano de 1998 foi patenteada uma desfibradeira que foi desenvolvida no laborat?rio de Engenharia T?xtil da UFRN, com objetivo de desfibrar a folha do abacaxi, com apoio do CNPq e BNB. O presente trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma desfibradeira automatizada com a mesma finalidade e se buscou a fabrica??o de uma nova desfibradeira com sistema semi-autom?tico. A desfibradeira ? acionada atrav?s de um quadro de comando, que passa informa??es para dois motores, um para acionamento do cilindro batedor e outro para os movimentos de alimenta??o das folhas e sa?da das fibras. A desfibradeira ? composta de um sistema de alimenta??o autom?tico, atrav?s de uma esteira sem fim, que desloca as folhas at? os cilindros alimentadores, que introduz as mesmas, entre uma espera (faca) e um batedor rotativo de vinte palhetas (desfibradeira anterior s? tinha 8 palhetas). Estas palhetas s?o apoiadas em tr?s flanges eq?idistantes com um eixo central de transmiss?o possibilitando um maior numero de batidas na folha. Portanto o operador tem a fun??o de colocar as folhas na esteira de alimenta??o e retirar as fibras que foram desfibradas, que est?o na esteira de sa?da. A qualidade das fibras extra?das pode ser melhorada atrav?s do controle da velocidade de entrada das folhas bem como a velocidade de cilindro batedor. Al?m disso, h? sistema de remo??o de polpa numa bandeja separadamente. A desfibradeira foi confeccionada com um chassi em cantoneiras (perfis L ) tendo com dimens?es b?sicas de comprimento de 200 cm, a altura de 91 cm e a largura de 68 cm. O peso total da desfibradeira ? de 250 kg. A caracter?stica mais importante da m?quina ? um maior numero de batida e uma menor turbul?ncia de ar dentro da m?quina. Isso facilitou a melhoria da qualidade das fibras. Os estudos mostram que de cada folha pode ser extra?do cerca de 2,8 a 4,5 % de fibras Assim sendo pode ser retirada cerca de 4 a 5 toneladas de fibras por hectare. Esta quantidade ? bem maior do que a produ??o de algod?o por hectare. Quando as fibras sendo empregadas no mercado podem gerar postos de trabalho e renda para popula??o do campo bem como das suas aplica??es
2

Desempenho mec?nico de comp?sitos h?bridos de fibras naturais e poli?ster n?o saturado

Martins Neto, Jos? Ant?nio 30 December 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseAMN_DISSERT.pdf: 2578831 bytes, checksum: 78ca7925672b7876fad1b54e774b3827 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-30 / With the objective to promote sustainable development, the fibres found in nature in abundance, which are biodegradable, of low cost in comparison to synthetic fibres are being used in the manufacture of composites. The mechanical behavior of the curau? and pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) composites in different proportions, 25% x 75% (P1), 50% x 50% (P2) e 75% x 25% (P3) were respectively studied, being initially treated with a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Mechanical analyses indicated that with respect to studies of traction, for the combination of P1 and P3, better results of 22.17 MPa and 16.98 MPa, were obtained respectively, which are higher than that of the combination P2. The results of the same pattern were obtained for analysis of bending resistance where P1 is 1.21% and P3 represents 0.96%. In the case of resistance to bending, best results were obtained for the combination P1 at 49.07 MPa. However, when Young's modulus values were calculated, the values were different to the pattern of the results of other tests, where the combination P2 with the value of 4.06 GPa is greater than the other combinations. This shows that the PALF had a greater influence in relation to curau? fibre. The analysis of the results generally shows that in combinations of two vegetable fibers of cellulosic origin, the fiber which shows higher percentage (75%) is the best option than to the composition of 50%/50%. In the meantime, according to the results obtained in this study, in the case where the application should withstand bending loads, the better composition would be 50%/50% / Com o objetivo de promover o desenvolvimento sustent?vel, as fibras encontradas em abund?ncia na natureza, que s?o biodegrad?veis e de baixo custo quando comparado com as fibras sint?ticas, vem sendo utilizadas na aplica??o de produ??o de comp?sitos. Neste trabalho foi analisado o comportamento mec?nico ? partir do ensaio de tra??o e flex?o, em um comp?sito h?brido tendo como matriz uma resina sint?tica ortoft?lica refor?ada com fibras de curau? e fibras da folha de abacaxizeiro (PALF), nas propor??es de 25% x 75% (P1), 50% x 50% (P2) e 75% x 25% (P3), respectivamente, com as fibras de curau? e as fibras da folha do abacaxizeiro sendo tratadas quimicamente por uma solu??o aquosa de hidr?xido de s?dio (NaOH) com 8% de concentra??o. As an?lises mec?nicas indicaram que com rela??o aos estudos de tra??o, para a combina??o P1 e P3, foram obtidas melhores resultados de 22,17 MPa e 16,98 MPa, respectivamente, que ? maior que da outra combina??o de P2. Os resultados do mesmo padr?o foram obtidos para an?lise de flex?o onde P1 ? 1,21% e P3 de 0,96% que s?o maiores do que o resultado obtido da combina??o P2. No caso de resist?ncia ? flex?o, melhores resultados foram obtidos para a combina??o P1 de 49,07 MPa. Mas, quando foi calculado o m?dulo de Young, os valores foram diferentes do padr?o dos resultados dos outros testes realizados, com a combina??o P2 com o valor de 4,06 GPa que ? maior que das outras combina??es. Isto mostra que as fibras PALF tiveram uma influ?ncia maior com rela??o ? fibra de curau?. A an?lise dos resultados em geral demonstra que nas combina??es de duas fibras vegetais celul?sicas, uma ou a outra fibra com porcentagem maior (75%) ? a melhor op??o do que na composi??o de 50%/50%, entretanto no caso onde a aplica??o ser? para suportar cargas de flex?o, a melhor composi??o seria 50%/50%

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