Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 29-30.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-08-31T16:45:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstudoQuimicoAtividade.pdf: 7955291 bytes, checksum: fc96bd8509e5704677b38d9f0a24cf68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-09-12T13:07:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstudoQuimicoAtividade.pdf: 7955291 bytes, checksum: fc96bd8509e5704677b38d9f0a24cf68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T13:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstudoQuimicoAtividade.pdf: 7955291 bytes, checksum: fc96bd8509e5704677b38d9f0a24cf68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / A espécie Nephrolepis brownii, conhecida popularmente como samambaia, pode ser facilmente encontrada na região amazônica. É uma espécie rasteira, que se espalha facilmente e inibe plantas de pequeno porte ao seu redor. N. brownii assim como as demais samambaias são conhecidas também como “escadinha do céu”, as quais são muito utilizadas como plantas ornamentais e fins medicinais. Este é o primeiro trabalho onde é realizado o estudo químico de N. brownii, de onde foram isoladas as substâncias Ferneno (S1) e Pinitol (S2) das partes aéreas da mesma. No estudo do óleo essencial de N. brownii foram identificadas 80 substâncias, a maioria pertencentes às funções aldeído (26,62%), álcool (25,11%) e cetona (17,15%), dentre esses Z-2-(3,3-dimetilciclohexlidene)-etanol (8,65%), safrol (8,81%), undecan-2-ona (8,89%), teaspirano (8,99%), n-tridecano (9,05%), n-undecanal (9,20%), o-metil-orcinol (9,32%) e deca-(2E,4E)-dienal (9,41%) foram majoritários. Das partes aéreas de N. brownii foi isolado como endofítico o fungo denominado NB-1, o qual foi cultivado em meio sólido (arroz) e em meio líquido (czapek) para o crescimento das colônias e obtenção dos extratos fúngicos. A partir do extrato fúngico acetato de etila (arroz) foram isoladas as substâncias p-hidróxibenzaldeído (S3), ácido p-hidroxifenilacetico (S4) e ácido 4-hidroxibenzóico (S5). A partir do cultivo em meio líquido (czapek) foram isoladas as substâncias peróxido de ergosterol (S6) e stoloniferol B (S7) ambas das fases acetato de etila (1 e 2). O fungo NB-1 se mostrou capaz de biotransformar substâncias como a chalcona 3-(2,3,4-trimetoxifenil)-1-(4-metóxi)-2-propen-1-ona e a cetona aromática 4-nitroacetofenona. Foram realizados ensaios para avaliar a fitotoxicidade dos extratos e substâncias frente às sementes das espécies invasoras de pastagem malícia e mata-pasto, onde os melhores resultados foram para os extratos EBM/Hex, EBM/AcOEt e EBM/n-But, destacando o EBM/AcOEt que teve 100% de inibição frente à germinação das sementes de malícia. O extrato EFMeOH apresentou efeito inibitório considerável sobre a germinação das sementes de malícia e mata-pasto, sendo valores elevados, 75% e 100%, respectivamente. As substâncias testadas não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios frente às sementes de malícia e mata-pasto. Foi investigado o potencial biológico das substâncias S1, S2, S3 e S5, onde não foram ativas para a espécie L. amazonensis em sua forma promastigota. / The species Nephrolepis brownii, commonly known as fern, can be easily found in the Amazon region. It is a creeping species, which spreads easily and inhibits small around plants. N. brownii like other ferns are also known as "sky ladder", which are widely used as ornamental plants and medicinal purposes. This is the first work which is carried out the chemical study of N. brownii, where the Fernene substances were isolated (S1) and Pinitol (S2) from the aerial parts of it. In the study of the essential oil of N. brownii were identified 80 substances, most belonging to the aldehyde functions (26.62%), alcohol (25.11%) and ketone (17.15%), among those Z-2-(3,3-dimetilciclohexlidene)-ethanol (8.65%), safrole (8.81%) undecan-2-one (8.89%), teaspirano (8.99%), n-tridecane (9.05 %), n-undecanal (9.20%), o-methyl-orcinol (9.32%) and deca-(2E,4E)-dienal (9.41%) were majority. Aerial parts of N. brownii was isolated as endophytic fungus called NB-1, which was grown on solid medium (rice) and liquid medium (Czapek) for the growth of fungal colonies and obtain extracts. From the ethyl acetate extract fungal (rice) were isolated p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde substances (S3), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (S4) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (S5). From the culture in liquid medium (cazpek) were isolated substances ergosterol peroxide (S6) stoloniferol B (S7) both phases ethyl acetate (1 and 2). The NB-1 fungus has been shown to biotransform substances such as chalcone 3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxy)-2-propen-1-one and aromatic ketone 4-nitroacetophenone. Tests were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxicity of extracts and compounds in the face of evil seeds and kills pasture where the best results were for EBM/Hex, EBM/EtOAc and EBM/n-But extracts, highlighting the EBM / AcOEt had 100% inhibition against the germination of seeds of malice. The EFMeOH extract showed significant inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds of malice and kill pasture, with high values, 75% and 100%, respectively. The substances tested showed no satisfactory results in the face of evil seeds and kills pasture. It investigated the biological potential of the substances S1, S2, S3 and S5, which have not been active for L. amazonensis promastigote form a species.

Traditionally, Sceletium tortuosum has been used as a medicine and for social and spiritual purposes. The genus is distributed in the south-western parts of South Africa. This project phytochemically analysed and characterised Sceletium plant extracts and determined if any extract showed anti-malarial properties. Extracts were prepared in ethanol and methanol and various compounds were purified using column chromatography with hexane and ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structure of isolated compounds, including mesembrine, pinitol, sucrose, mesembrenone and obtusalin, was confirmed using NMR. The Plasmodium Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to screen all extracts and mesembrine to show that four extracts showed antimalarial activity with activity values ranging between 1.47 μg/ml and 7.32 μg/ml, well below the 10 μg/ml cut off value. The study recommends extracting compounds from fresh plant material and further research as to anti-malarial activity of compounds isolated from Sceletium tortuosum / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)