Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

In her lifetime Jacoba Elizabeth (Nonnie) de la Rey, née Greeff (1856-1923) was widely known not only for being the wife of the eminent General Koos de la Rey, but also for her exceptional tenacity during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). From December 1900 to the conclusion of the war in May 1902 she and her children lived a nomadic life. Nonnie's experiences were recorded in her memoirs, Mijne omzwervingen en beproevingen gedurende den oorlog, which were published in Amsterdam in 1903. Shortly thereafter – also in 1903 – the English edition, A Woman's Wanderings and Trials During the Anglo-Boer War, as translated by Lucy Hotz, was published in Londen. The 18 months that Nonnie spent wandering through the country probably constitute the most important phase of her life, but she experienced a great deal more, which she recorded in another memoir. Her childhood and pioneer's life are well documented. At the age of eighteen Nonnie met Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey; they were married on 24 October 1876 and settled in the vicinity of Lichtenburg. The period from 1880 to 1899 constitute a kaleidoscope of events in Nonnie's life, for example the First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881), the loss of Nonnie's father and mother, and a move to the farm Elandsfontein. The South African War broke out in 1899. Nonnie's life during the war years can be divided into two phases, namely the period when she lived in Lichtenburg (October 1899 to November 1900), and the period characterised as her wandering years (December 1900 to May 1902). Events in Nonnie de la Rey's life from 1902 to 1923 include their official visit to Europe, the restoration of Elandsfontein, Union (1910) and Koos de la Rey's political involvement, the Rebellion of 1914 and the death of Koos de la Rey. In her final years Nonnie was involved with various organisations. She was an eminent presence in her community, being revered as a “volksmoeder” by her compatriots. She died in 1923. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

To determine the situation concerning the scientific paradigms in archaeology, a study of literature was undertaken. This was appropriate to establish the most suitable paradigm for historical-archaeological research, as the paradigms were mainly applied to prehistorical archaeology in the past and could not be simply applied to historical archaeology. Other aspects that were studied were the dimensions of science, heritage resources management, the definition and state of historical archaeology, historiography and methodology. These were studied to define historical archaeology and to place it within the framework of the dimensions of science and historical research. In this way research and heritage resources management requirements were established. From the investigation it appeared that five paradigms could be applied to historical archaeology, namely the Cultural historical, Cultural process, Structuralist, Contextual and Neo-Marxist. The last three is sometimes jointly called the Post-process paradigm. The Contextual paradigm proved to be the most suitable and was applied to five case studies of historical-archaeological research to test its suitability. The other paradigms were judged with regard to the result of this application. The case studies, from northern Gauteng, reflect aspects of the lifestyle of whites between approximately 1840 and 1940. These are the Lucas Bronkhorst ruin, Church Street water furrow, Melrose House's footpaths, Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum's 1913 house and Pioneer Museum's Edwardian house. It became clear from the application that the majority of the paradigms could be utilized to an extent. One of the paradigms had a larger applicability, namely the Contextual paradigm. It was however clear that this paradigm had to be extended to address the requirements of heritage resources management. This extended paradigm, known as the Heritage Resources Management paradigm, is explained. Consequently the conclusion of the study is that the Contextual paradigm is the most suitable paradigm for use in historical-archaeological research. The application thereof in historical archaeology should provide a fundamental theoretical substructure to give historical archaeology its rightful place in the science of archaeology. By extending it (the Heritage Resources Management paradigm) it is possible to address the requirements and aims of heritage resources management, historical archaeology and research requirements. AFRIKAANS : 'n Literatuurstudie met betrekking tot wetenskapsdimensies, erfenishulpbronbestuur, die definiering van historiese argeologiese, die stand van historiese argeologie, wetenskaplike paradigmas in die argeologie, historiografie en metodeleer is onderneem, ten einde die stand daarvan te bepaal en om vas te stel watter paradigma toepaslik vir histories-argeologiese navorsing is. Sodanige ondersoek is van belang geag, daar die paradigmas hoofsaaklik op prehistoriese argeologie gefokus is en nie sonder meer op histories-argeologiese navorsing toegepas kon word nie. Die bykomende aspekte wat nagevors is, is bestudeer sodat historiese argeologie gedefinieer en binne die raamwerk van wetenskapsdimensies en historiese navorsing geplaas kon word. Navorsings- en erfenishulpbronbestuursbehoeftes is ook op hierdie wyse vasgestel. Uit die ondersoek het dit geblyk dat daar vyf paradigmas is wat moontlik in die historiese argeologie aangewend kan word, naamlik die Kultuurhistoriese, Kultuurproses-, Strukturalistiese, Kontekstuele en Neo-Marxistiese. Laasgenoemde drie word soms ook gesamentlik die Post-proses-paradigma genoem. Hiervan het die Kontekstuele paradigma die mees toepaslike geblyk te wees. Hierdie paradigma is op vyf gevallestudies van histories-argeologiese navorsing aangewend ten einde die toepaslikheid daarvan te toets. Die ander paradigmas is aan die hand hiervan gemeet. Die vyf gevallestudies kom almal uit noordelike Gauteng en weerspieel verskillende aspekte van die lewenswyse van blankes tussen ongeveer 1840 en 1940 in die gebied. Die gevallestudies is die Lucas Bronkhorstruine, Kerkstraat-watervoor, Melrosehuis se voetpaadjies, Willem Prinsloo Landboumuseum se 1913-huis en die Pionier Museum se Edwardiaanse huis en eendedam. Uit die toepassing was dit duidelik dat die meerderheid van die paradigmas slegs in 'n geringe mate benut kon word. Slegs een paradigma het 'n groter toepassingswaarde gehad, naamlik die Kontekstuele paradigma. Dit was egter duidelik dat hierdie paradigma uitgebrei moes word ten einde ook die behoeftes van erfenishulpbronbestuur aan te spreek. Hierdie uitbreiding, bekend as die Erfenishulpbronbestuursparadigma, is ten slotte verduidelik. Gevolglik is die slotsom waartoe geraak word: die Kontekstuele paradigma, word beskou as die mees geskikste paradigma waarbinne navorsing in die historiese argeologie aangepak behoort te word. Die toepassing hiervan in die historiese argeologie sal daaraan 'n fundamentele teoretiese onderbou voorsien en sodoende die historiese argeologie sy regmatige plek in die vakwetenskap argeologie laat inneem. Deur dit uit te bou (die Erfenishulpbronbestuurparadigma), is dit moontlik om die behoeftes van erfenishulpbronbestuur, bo en behalwe die doelwitte van historiese argeologie en die navorsingsbehoeftes aan te spreek. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted

This study deals with modern mission history in north eastern Africa. When the rigid Islamistic Mahdi regime in the Sudan was defeated by an Anglo-Egyptian army in 1898, H G Guinness and K Kumm came to Aswan and initiated the Sudan Pionier Mission (SPM) in 1900. The SPM had its spiritual roots in the Holiness Movement and became an interdenominational German-based faith mission. Although the SPM was started in Aswan to advance from there to the south to evangelize animistic people groups in the Eastern Sudan, the SPM actually consolidated its work in and around Aswan for internal and external reasons. Thus, the focus of the SPM shifted from an animistic to an Islamic audience with a special emphasis on the Nile-Nubians occupying the Nile valley between Aswan and Dongola. This study contributes generally to the historiography of the SPM between 1990 until 1966 and analyzes especially the development of the SPM into a mission among the Nile-Nubians during this period. The ethnic groups of the Nile-Nubians will be introduced and their historical, political, social, economic, linguistic and religious situation will be presented. This thesis further describes the topographical development of the SPM and its missiological approach. A special emphasis is given to the life story of the Kunuuzi Nubian convert Samu’iil Ali Hiseen (SAH-1863-1900) and his multifaceted contribution to the work of the SPM. SAH was the first Nubian evangelist in modern times and the major stakeholder of the Nubian vision. Neither the history of the SPM as “Nubian Mission” nor the life and work of SAH have been researched and presented before. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

This study deals with modern mission history in north eastern Africa. When the rigid Islamistic Mahdi regime in the Sudan was defeated by an Anglo-Egyptian army in 1898, H G Guinness and K Kumm came to Aswan and initiated the Sudan Pionier Mission (SPM) in 1900. The SPM had its spiritual roots in the Holiness Movement and became an interdenominational German-based faith mission. Although the SPM was started in Aswan to advance from there to the south to evangelize animistic people groups in the Eastern Sudan, the SPM actually consolidated its work in and around Aswan for internal and external reasons. Thus, the focus of the SPM shifted from an animistic to an Islamic audience with a special emphasis on the Nile-Nubians occupying the Nile valley between Aswan and Dongola. This study contributes generally to the historiography of the SPM between 1990 until 1966 and analyzes especially the development of the SPM into a mission among the Nile-Nubians during this period. The ethnic groups of the Nile-Nubians will be introduced and their historical, political, social, economic, linguistic and religious situation will be presented. This thesis further describes the topographical development of the SPM and its missiological approach. A special emphasis is given to the life story of the Kunuuzi Nubian convert Samu’iil Ali Hiseen (SAH-1863-1900) and his multifaceted contribution to the work of the SPM. SAH was the first Nubian evangelist in modern times and the major stakeholder of the Nubian vision. Neither the history of the SPM as “Nubian Mission” nor the life and work of SAH have been researched and presented before. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

This missiological project seeks to study the role of the Guinnesses and Kumms in reaching the Sudan Belt, particularly through the Sudan-Pionier-Mission (SPM) founded in 1900. The term Sudan Belt referred to Africa between Senegal and Ethiopia, at that period one of the largest areas unreached by Christian missionaries. Grattan Guinness (1835-1910) at that time was the most influential promoter of faith missions for the Sudan. The only initiative based in Germany was the SPM, founded by Guinness, his daughter Lucy (1865-1906), and her German husband Karl Kumm (1874-1930). Kumm has undeservedly been forgotten, and his early biography as a missionary and explorer in the deserts of Egypt is here brought to light again. The early SPM had to struggle against opposition in Germany. Faith missions were considered unnecessary, and missions to Muslims untimely by influential representatives of classical missions. The SPM was seeking to reach the Sudan Belt via the Nile from Aswan. The most promising figure for this venture was the Nubian Samuel Ali Hiseen (1863-1927), who accomplished a scripture colportage tour through Nubia. Unfortunately, he was disregarded by the first German missionary, Johannes Kupfemagel (1866-1937). When the SPM failed to reach the Sudan Belt due to political restrictions, Kumm and the SPM board were divided in their strategies. Kumm planned to pursue a new route via the Niger River, seeking support in Great Britain rather independently. The SPM, holding on to Aswan, dismissed Kumm, and began to decline until it made a new start in 1905, but for a long time remained a local mission work in Upper Egypt. The Sudan United Mission however, founded by the Kumms in 1904, did indeed reach the Sudan Belt. An analysis of the SPM reveals its strengths and weaknesses. The SPM grew out of the Holiness movement and shared the urgency, which made faith missions successful, but also was the SPM's weakness, as it suffered from ill-preparedness. The SPM innovatively gathered together single women from the nobility in a community of service for missions under its chairman, Pastor Theodor Ziemendorff (1837-:1912). / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

This missiological project seeks to study the role of the Guinnesses and Kumms in reaching the Sudan Belt, particularly through the Sudan-Pionier-Mission (SPM) founded in 1900. The term Sudan Belt referred to Africa between Senegal and Ethiopia, at that period one of the largest areas unreached by Christian missionaries. Grattan Guinness (1835-1910) at that time was the most influential promoter of faith missions for the Sudan. The only initiative based in Germany was the SPM, founded by Guinness, his daughter Lucy (1865-1906), and her German husband Karl Kumm (1874-1930). Kumm has undeservedly been forgotten, and his early biography as a missionary and explorer in the deserts of Egypt is here brought to light again. The early SPM had to struggle against opposition in Germany. Faith missions were considered unnecessary, and missions to Muslims untimely by influential representatives of classical missions. The SPM was seeking to reach the Sudan Belt via the Nile from Aswan. The most promising figure for this venture was the Nubian Samuel Ali Hiseen (1863-1927), who accomplished a scripture colportage tour through Nubia. Unfortunately, he was disregarded by the first German missionary, Johannes Kupfemagel (1866-1937). When the SPM failed to reach the Sudan Belt due to political restrictions, Kumm and the SPM board were divided in their strategies. Kumm planned to pursue a new route via the Niger River, seeking support in Great Britain rather independently. The SPM, holding on to Aswan, dismissed Kumm, and began to decline until it made a new start in 1905, but for a long time remained a local mission work in Upper Egypt. The Sudan United Mission however, founded by the Kumms in 1904, did indeed reach the Sudan Belt. An analysis of the SPM reveals its strengths and weaknesses. The SPM grew out of the Holiness movement and shared the urgency, which made faith missions successful, but also was the SPM's weakness, as it suffered from ill-preparedness. The SPM innovatively gathered together single women from the nobility in a community of service for missions under its chairman, Pastor Theodor Ziemendorff (1837-:1912). / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)