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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Control of penetration in gas-tungsten-arc welding : a puddle impedance approach

Zacksenhouse, Miriam January 1982 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Includes bibliographical references. / by Miriam Zacksenhouse. / M.S.
2

Researching and Developing Universal Gas Purging Solutions / Undersökning och utveckling av rotgasplugg för flera rördimensioner

Briheim, Ludvig, Ståhl, Dennis January 2020 (has links)
In the welding of more sensitive metals such as stainless steel, titanium and some specific nickel alloys, the presence and application of a protective gas is essential. Without the use of a nonreactive shielding gas, defects occur in or adjacent to the weld joint, which vary from light discoloration of the weld bead to the direct onset and propagation of cracks. The supply of shielding gas is usually via the welding tool. Unfortunately, when it comes to welding pipes, the problem arises when the root bead comes into contact with the oxygen present within the pipe. Since the shielding gas supplied from the welding tool has no possibility of penetrating into the pipe and protecting the melt from the oxygen, the result consequence will be defects in the weld bead. To prevent this from happening, the pipes are sealed before welding and the oxygen in the pipe is purged and replaced with protective gas. Due to the fact that pipe welding operations concern a vast spectrum of pipe dimensions, complications arise for the welding operator as the solutions available have a low degree of adaptability. Thus, the purpose of this project is to investigate the possibility of designing and developing a new method of supplying root gas protection that can be adapted to several pipe diameters. Field studies at welding companies resulted in the clarification of which diameter spans the root gas protection solution should comply with, the pipe diameter span to cater for was identified as 25-100 mm in diameter. Requests were also made regarding the robustness of the product, with expressed desire for the product to withstand the strenuous working environment often encountered during welding operations. Solution proposals were produced which later developed into six separate concepts. From these six concepts, one was selected as the foremost solution and further developed for construction. The concept was sketched out and reproduced using CAD and a model was made using 3D printers. The model showed a need for modifications as it was not of a sufficiently adaptable nature. A modified model was thus developed and manufactured using a 3D printer, this modified model showed better results of adaptation to different pipe diameters. Furthermore, a flow analysis of the gas as it enters via the root gas plug and into the pipe was conducted, to verify total distribution of the gas within the pipe. The material with which to construct the concept with will be silicone infused with additives to make it more heat resistant and more resistant to wear. However, the exact mixture of silicone and additives in question was not available for this project but is something that is intended for future work. The concept meets the specified requirements of being applicable to multiple pipe diameters, more specifically so meeting the wishes of those active within the industry, covering a pipe span of 25- 100 mm. / Vid svetsning av mer känsliga metaller såsom rostfritt stål, titan och vissa specifika nickellegeringar är närvaron och tillämpningen av en skyddsgas väsentligt. Utan nyttjandet av en icke reaktiv skyddsgas uppkommer defekter i eller intill svetsfogen, vilka varierar från lätta missfärgningar av svetssträngen till den direkta uppkomsten och propageringen av sprickor. Tillförseln av skyddsgas sker vanligtvis via svetsverktyget. När det kommer till svetsning av rör uppstår dessvärre problemet att rotsträngen kommer i kontakt med syret som finns på insidan av röret. Eftersom att den skyddsgas som tillförs från svetsverktyget inte har någon möjlighet att tränga sig in i röret och skydda smältan från syret kommer det resultera i en svetssträng med defekter. För att förhindra detta från att ske tätas rören innan svetsning och syret i röret ersätts med skyddsgas. Eftersom att de rör som skall sammanfogas förekommer i flera dimensioner uppstår komplikationer för svetsoperatören ty de lösningar som finns tillgängliga har låg anpassningsgrad. Därmed är syftet med detta projekt att undersöka möjligheten att designa och utveckla ett nytt rotgasskydd som kan anpassas till flera diametrar. Fältstudier hos svetsföretag resulterade i ett tydligt spann för vilka diametrar som bör tillgodoses med sagda rotgasskydd, detta spann av rördiametrar var 25-100 mm. Det uppgavs även önskemål om säkerställning av att produkterna är robusta nog att klara den påfrestande arbetsmiljö som ofta förekommer vid svetsning. Lösningsförslag lades fram vilket senare utvecklades till sex separata koncept. Från dessa sex koncept utsågs en som den främsta lösningen och togs vidare till konstruktion. Konceptet skissades upp i CAD och en modell gjordes i 3D-skrivare. Modellen visade upp behov på modifieringar då den inte var av tillräckligt anpassningsbar karaktär. En modifierad modell togs därmed fram och tillverkades i en 3D-skrivare, denna modifierade modell visade bättre prov på anpassning till olika  rördiametrar. Vidare gjordes en flödesanalys av gasen då den färdas in via rotgaspluggen, vilket visade att gasen fyller röret som önskat. Materialet som konceptet kommer tillverkas i är silikon med tillförda additiv för att göra det mer värmebeständigt och mer resistent mot slitage. Den exakta blandningen av silikon och additiv i fråga var dock inte tillgängliga till detta projekt utan är något som får gå till vidare arbete. Konceptet uppfyller kraven på anpassning till flera rördiametrar och möter mer specifikt även önskemålet från branschaktiva med dess spann på 25-100 mm.
3

Caracterização mecânica e microestrutural de juntas tubulares soldadas em aço API 5L Grau B com base na norma Petrobrás N-2301 / Mechanical and microstructural characterization of tubular welded joints on API 5L grade B steel based on Brazilian National Standard Petrobras N-2301

Sgobbi, Alexandre Amaral 22 April 2015 (has links)
Para a certificação de um procedimento de soldagem, quer seja de alta responsabilidade na soldagem de oleodutos e gasodutos em tubulações de aço carbono ou para um uso rotineiro e diário em fábricas e oficinas, deve ser realizada uma análise profunda dos fenômenos ocorridos no material de base (MB), no metal de adição (MA) e na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC). Por meio desta análise criteriosa na qualificação de um procedimento de soldagem, o procedimento é liberado para ser utilizado, seja qual for o objetivo final da soldagem. Apenas com a Especificação do Procedimento de Soldagem (EPS) qualificada em mãos é possível iniciar os trabalhos de soldagem, e caso esta seja seguida integralmente, o sucesso do processo está a um passo de se concretizar. Para demonstração desta interação existente entre qualificação, análise dos resultados, aprovação dos ensaios e aprovação da especificação, foi desenvolvido este trabalho utilizando o material de base na forma tubular API 5L Gr. B soldado com os processos eletrodo revestido (SMAW) e arame tubular autoprotegido (FCAW-S). Foi utilizada uma junta tubular como exemplo de estudo e qualificação de um procedimento de soldagem baseado na documentação contida na norma da Petrobrás N-2301 e em outros códigos e normas, que regem a qualificação do processo de soldagem utilizado em refinarias e plantas de produção brasileiras. Foram estudados em conjunto os resultados obtidos por meio de ensaios mecânicos, ensaios não destrutivos e microestruturais. Ambas as Especificações dos Procedimentos de Soldagem preliminares (pEPS), estabelecidas antes do início da soldagem dos dois processos de soldagem, foram aprovadas e qualificadas, satisfazendo as características macro e microscópicas, metalúrgicas e mecânicas da junta soldada. / A comprehensive analysis of the phenomena occurring in the base metal (MB), filler metal (FM) and the heat affected zone (HAZ) should be conducted to provide the qualification of the welding procedure, either in high-demand carbon steel oil & gas pipelines or standard factory & workshop daily, usual operation. By means of this thorough welding procedure qualification, the process will be released, whatever the ultimate goal of welding. Only after the welding procedure specification (WPS) is qualified, is possible to start any welding work, and being the norm fully observed, the process is nearly to start successfully. The present work has been elaborated to demonstrate the interaction of qualification, result analysis, tests and specification approval, by applying the following elements: tubular base metal API 5L grade B welded with Shielded Metal Arc Welding process (SMAW) and self-shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding process (FCAW-S). A tubular joint was used as sample for a welding procedure qualification studies based on technical documentation specified on Petrobras N-2301, a Brazilian standard, and any others codes and standards that rule welding qualification on refineries & production plants of this company. The results obtained through mechanical testing, non-destructive testing and microstructure were studied together. Both preliminary welding procedure specifications (pWPS) established before the welding of these two welding processes, have been approved and qualified. The support given by welding qualification record (WQR) allows the joints to be welded in production, and result in reliable weld bead that satisfy the macro & microscopic, metallurgical and mechanical characteristics.
4

Caracterização mecânica e microestrutural de juntas tubulares soldadas em aço API 5L Grau B com base na norma Petrobrás N-2301 / Mechanical and microstructural characterization of tubular welded joints on API 5L grade B steel based on Brazilian National Standard Petrobras N-2301

Alexandre Amaral Sgobbi 22 April 2015 (has links)
Para a certificação de um procedimento de soldagem, quer seja de alta responsabilidade na soldagem de oleodutos e gasodutos em tubulações de aço carbono ou para um uso rotineiro e diário em fábricas e oficinas, deve ser realizada uma análise profunda dos fenômenos ocorridos no material de base (MB), no metal de adição (MA) e na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC). Por meio desta análise criteriosa na qualificação de um procedimento de soldagem, o procedimento é liberado para ser utilizado, seja qual for o objetivo final da soldagem. Apenas com a Especificação do Procedimento de Soldagem (EPS) qualificada em mãos é possível iniciar os trabalhos de soldagem, e caso esta seja seguida integralmente, o sucesso do processo está a um passo de se concretizar. Para demonstração desta interação existente entre qualificação, análise dos resultados, aprovação dos ensaios e aprovação da especificação, foi desenvolvido este trabalho utilizando o material de base na forma tubular API 5L Gr. B soldado com os processos eletrodo revestido (SMAW) e arame tubular autoprotegido (FCAW-S). Foi utilizada uma junta tubular como exemplo de estudo e qualificação de um procedimento de soldagem baseado na documentação contida na norma da Petrobrás N-2301 e em outros códigos e normas, que regem a qualificação do processo de soldagem utilizado em refinarias e plantas de produção brasileiras. Foram estudados em conjunto os resultados obtidos por meio de ensaios mecânicos, ensaios não destrutivos e microestruturais. Ambas as Especificações dos Procedimentos de Soldagem preliminares (pEPS), estabelecidas antes do início da soldagem dos dois processos de soldagem, foram aprovadas e qualificadas, satisfazendo as características macro e microscópicas, metalúrgicas e mecânicas da junta soldada. / A comprehensive analysis of the phenomena occurring in the base metal (MB), filler metal (FM) and the heat affected zone (HAZ) should be conducted to provide the qualification of the welding procedure, either in high-demand carbon steel oil & gas pipelines or standard factory & workshop daily, usual operation. By means of this thorough welding procedure qualification, the process will be released, whatever the ultimate goal of welding. Only after the welding procedure specification (WPS) is qualified, is possible to start any welding work, and being the norm fully observed, the process is nearly to start successfully. The present work has been elaborated to demonstrate the interaction of qualification, result analysis, tests and specification approval, by applying the following elements: tubular base metal API 5L grade B welded with Shielded Metal Arc Welding process (SMAW) and self-shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding process (FCAW-S). A tubular joint was used as sample for a welding procedure qualification studies based on technical documentation specified on Petrobras N-2301, a Brazilian standard, and any others codes and standards that rule welding qualification on refineries & production plants of this company. The results obtained through mechanical testing, non-destructive testing and microstructure were studied together. Both preliminary welding procedure specifications (pWPS) established before the welding of these two welding processes, have been approved and qualified. The support given by welding qualification record (WQR) allows the joints to be welded in production, and result in reliable weld bead that satisfy the macro & microscopic, metallurgical and mechanical characteristics.

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