Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been applied to many areas. As one of the most important fluids, the atmosphere is closely related to people’s life. Studying the atmospheres on other planets can help people understand the Earth’s atmosphere and the climate and weather phenomena in it. Because of the complexity of a planetary atmosphere and the limitation of observations, applying CFD to the study of planetary atmospheres is becoming more and more popular. This kind of CFD simulations will also help people design the mission to the extra planets. In this dissertation, through CFD simulations, we studied the three important phenomena in a planetary atmosphere: vortices, zonal winds and clouds. The CFD model Explicit Planetary Isentropic Coordinate (EPIC) Global Circulation Model (GCM) was applied in these simulations. Dynamic simulations of the Great Dark Spots (GDS) on Neptune and the Uranian Dark Spot (UDS) were performed. In this work, constructed zonal wind profiles and vertical pressure-temperature profile were constructed based on the observational data. Then, we imported a two-flux radiation model with two-band absorption coefficients into EPIC to study the seasonal changes on Uranus. Finally, a methane cloud model was imported to study the cloud formation around a great vortex and its effects on the vortex. In the process of the dynamic simulations of Neptune’s atmosphere and its vortices in it, the parameters about the background and the vortex itself were investigated to try to fit the observational results. We found that a small gradient of background absolute vorticity near a GDS is needed to sustain a great vortex in the atmosphere. The drift rate and oscillations of a GDS are closely related to the zonal wind profile and the vortex characteristics. The dynamic simulations of the UDS suggested why it is hard to observe a great vortex on Uranus and indicated that a region of near constant absolute vorticity appearing at ∼28◦N in the zonal wind profile is possibly recommended to the sustainability of the UDS.With the two-flux radiation model, we simulated the seasonal change of the zonal wind profile on Uranus. The observational temperature distribution and global convection were also achieved. With the methane cloud model, we simulated the poleward cloud above great vortices on both Neptune and Uranus. The results suggested that the cloud model can help the GDS on Neptune to keep its shape and moderate its oscillations. Similarly, it can also help the UDS to keep its form.

Le transit de Vénus devant le Soleil est un événement rare et l’occasion unique pourétudier la réfraction de la lumière du Soleil à travers l’atmosphère, afin de déterminer les propriétésatmosphériques de la planète et en particulier la structure thermique de la haute atmosphère.L'objectif de cette thèse a été la modélisation de cette réfraction lors du passage devant le Soleilqui a eu lieu les 5-6 juin 2012, modèle dont les résultats ont pu être comparés aux données de lamission Venus Express.La première partie est consacrée à l’analyse des images des satellites qui a permis lacréation de courbes de lumière en fonction de la latitude de l’auréole qui serviront de référencepour les modèles. L’étude de l’atmosphère a d’abord été réalisée par une approche isotherme(théorie de Baum et Code,1953). Le modèle a ensuite été affiné en simulant trois couchesisothermes concentriques établies grâce à l’analyse préalable des données SPICAV/SOIR deVenus Express. Pour finir, le dernier modèle développé pour l’étude de l’auréole est un modèlemulticouche concentrique à très haute résolution verticale. Ce modèle a permis d’obtenir un profilvertical de densité en fonction de la latitude, ainsi que l’altitude du tau = 1 (le long de la ligne devisée) induite par les aérosols. Ces données ont ensuite été ensuite utilisées pour générer descartes 2D de température en fonction de la latitude et de l’altitude, que nous comparons auxdonnées d’occultation solaire de la mission Venus Express. Cette étude a également permis dedéterminer de façon indépendante l’échelle de hauteur des aérosols et leur chromaticité dansl’atmosphère de Vénus.Dans un second temps, l’étude de la courbe du transit de 2004 a été menée conjointementavec le Dr. Andréa Chiavassa afin de mettre en évidence l’impact de la granulation stellaire sur lescourbes de transit exoplanétaires. / The transit of Venus across the Sun is a rare and unique opportunity to study therefraction of sunlight through the atmosphere, called the "aureola", and determine the atmosphericproperties of the planet and in particular the thermal structure of the upper atmosphere. Theobjective of this thesis was the modeling of this refraction effect at terminator during the passageacross the Sun which took place on June, 5-6 2012, and a comparison with data obtained in thesame region during the Venus Express mission.The first part is devoted to the analysis of data from an Earth-orbiting solar observatory thatallowed the creation of individual aureola light curves according to latitude, that were used as amodeling reference. The study of the refracting atmosphere was first carried out by an isothermalapproach (Baum and Code (1953) theory). The model was then refined by simulating threeconcentric layers based on prior analysis of Venus Express/SPICAV-SOIR vertical density profiledata obtained simultaneously on June 6, 2012. Finally, the complete model developed for thisstudy is a concentric layered model with sub-kilometer vertical resolution. This model has allowedus to retrieve from individual aureole lightcurves a density vertical profile function of the latitudeand the tau = 1 altitude of slanted opacity along the line of sight, induced by mesospheric aerosols.These data were subsequently used to generate temperature maps in 2D function of latitude andaltitude, we compare the solar occultation data from the Venus Express mission (SOIR). This studyalso determined independently the scale height of aerosols and the chromaticity in the atmosphereof Venus.A separate, additional study on 2004 Venus transit data was conducted jointly with Dr.Andrea Chiavassa to highlight the impact of the stellar granulation on exoplanetary transit curves inextrasolar systems

Le présent travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude expérimentale et théorique de signatures spectroscopiques de molécules atmosphériques clés: CO2 et CH3D. 11 a été divise en partie expérimentale, consacrée aux mesures a haute pression des spectres IR CO2, et a la partie théorique, a. savoir le calcul des largeurs de ligne de collision pour CH3D perturbé par divers gaz. Dans la première partie, j'ai présenté des mesures &absorption de CO2 a haute pression a température ambiance dans l'intervalle spectral 600-9650 cm (sondes dans des études d’atmosphère planétaire) pour deux raisons principales: fournit des données exactes et étendues et suivre l’évolution de effets de "line-mixing" avec des variations graduelles de pression. Dans la deuxième partie, j'ai présenté des calculs semi-classiques des coefficients d'élargissement de CH3D -N2 (-H2) en utilisant le modèle de trajectoire exacte dans les bandes v3 parallèles et perpendiculaires vs, v6 de CH3D ---N2 ainsi que dans la bande v3 parallèle de CH3D -142 pour de grands intervalles les de nombres quantiques de rotation requis pour les bases de données spectroscopiques. / Present Ph.D work has focused on experimental and theoretical studying of spectroscopic signatures of key atmospheric molecules: CO2 and CH3D. It was divided into experimental part, devoted to high-pressure measurements of IR CO2 spectra, and theoretical part, namely calculation of collisional line-widths for CH3D perturbed by various gases. In the first part, I reported room-temperature high-pressure CO2 absorption measurements in the spectral interval 600-9650 cm-1 (probed in planetary atmosphere studies) with the double goals: to provide accurate and extensive data and to trace evolution of the line-mixing effects with gradual pressure variations. In the second part, I presented semi-classical calculations of CH3D-N2 and -142 line-broadening coefficients using exact trajectory model in the parallel v3 and perpendicular vs, v6 bands of CH3D-N2 as well as in the parallel v3 band of CH3D-112 for large intervals of rotational quantum numbers required for spectroscopic databases.